CBSE Class 12 Geography 2025 Most Repeated Questions for Board Exam

CBSE Class 12 Geography 2025 Most Repeated Questions: The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has officially announced that the Class 12 Geography examination for the 2025 board exams is scheduled for February 24, 2025. As this date approaches, students are intensifying their preparations to excel in this significant assessment. A strategic approach to revision involves focusing on chapter-wise most repeated questions, which not only highlights key topics but also provides insight into the exam pattern.

 Aligning one's study plan with the latest CBSE syllabus ensures comprehensive coverage of essential themes. Additionally, practicing CBSE Class 12 Geography mark-wise questions can aid in understanding the distribution of marks and the emphasis placed on various sections. To facilitate effective preparation, numerous free PDF downloads of previous years' question papers and study materials are available, offering valuable resources for students aiming to perform their best in the upcoming board exams.

CBSE Class 12 Geography Exam Pattern 2025

Fundamental of Human Geography

Book- India People and Economy

 CBSE Class 12 Geography 2025 Most Repeated Questions 

Q1. What are the different types of resources? Provide examples of each. (2022)

Answer: Resources are things that people use to meet their needs. They are mainly divided into:

• Natural resources: These come from nature, like sunlight, air, water, forests, and minerals. They can be renewable (like wind and solar energy) or non-renewable (like coal and petroleum).
• Human-made resources: These are created by people using natural resources, such as buildings, bridges, machines, and vehicles.
• Human resources: This includes people's skills, knowledge, and efforts that help in economic growth, such as teachers, doctors, and engineers.

Q2. How does sustainable development ensure the conservation of resources? (2022)

Answer: Sustainable development means using resources wisely so that future generations can also benefit from them. It ensures conservation by:

1. Reducing waste and pollution through recycling and efficient usage.
2. Protecting forests and water sources by planting trees and preventing overuse.
3. Encouraging eco-friendly practices in industries, farming, and daily life.
4. By balancing economic growth with environmental protection, we can ensure long-term sustainability.

Q3. Why are forests important for the environment and economy? (2023)

Answer: Forests play a key role in maintaining the ecological balance and supporting livelihoods.

Environmental Importance:

• Provide oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide, reducing air pollution.
• Prevent soil erosion and regulate the climate.
• Serve as a habitat for wildlife, maintaining biodiversity.

Economic Importance:

• Supply timber, medicine, and raw materials for industries.
• Support the livelihood of tribal communities and farmers.
• Promote eco-tourism, generating revenue.

Q4. What are the major threats to wildlife in India? How can they be mitigated? (2021)

Answer: Wildlife in India faces several threats, such as:

1. Habitat destruction due to deforestation and urbanization.
2. Illegal hunting and poaching for fur, ivory, and medicinal purposes.
3. Pollution from industries, which harms animals and their food sources.
4. Human-wildlife conflict due to expanding agricultural and settlement areas.

Mitigation Measures:

1. .Strengthening laws and penalties against poaching and illegal trade.
2. Promoting afforestation and conservation programs to restore forests.
3. Encouraging community participation in protecting wildlife.

Q5. Describe the distribution of water resources in India. (2020)

Answer: Water resources in India are distributed unevenly:

1. Northern Rivers: Himalayan rivers like the Ganga, Yamuna, and Brahmaputra provide abundant water.
2. Southern Rivers: Peninsular rivers like Krishna, Kaveri, and Godavari depend on monsoons and have less water availability.
3. Groundwater: Overused in states like Punjab and Rajasthan for irrigation.
4. Coastal Areas: Benefit from desalination plants and ocean water sources.

Efficient water management is essential to ensure sustainable use.

Q6. What are the causes of water scarcity? Suggest measures to overcome it. (2020)

Answer: Water scarcity in India occurs due to:

• Overuse of groundwater for irrigation and urban needs.
• Deforestation and soil erosion reducing water retention.
• Pollution from industries and waste disposal.
• Uneven rainfall and climate change affecting water supply.

Solutions:

• Rainwater harvesting to recharge groundwater.
• Drip irrigation to reduce wastage in agriculture.
• Strict laws to prevent industrial water pollution.
• Public awareness about water conservation.

Q7. What are the types of farming practiced in India? Explain with examples. (2019)

Answer: Farming in India is categorized into:

1. Subsistence Farming: Farmers grow crops for their own use. Example: Rice and wheat farming in Bihar and West Bengal.
2. Commercial Farming: Crops are grown for sale and profit. Example: Cotton and sugarcane farming in Maharashtra.
3. Plantation Farming: Large-scale farming of a single crop for export. Example: Tea in Assam and coffee in Karnataka.

Q8. How are minerals classified? Metallic and non-metallic minerals examples? (2021)

Answer: Minerals are divided into two types:

Metallic Minerals: Contain metals that can be extracted and used in industries. Examples:
Ferrous metals: Iron, manganese.
Non-ferrous metals: Copper, gold, aluminum.
Non-Metallic Minerals: Do not contain metals but are useful in various industries. Examples:
Limestone (used in cement), mica (used in electronics), and coal (used as fuel).

Q9. Discuss the distribution and conservation of energy resources in India. (2022)
Answer: Distribution:

• Coal is found in Jharkhand, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh.
• Oil and natural gas reserves are located in Assam, Gujarat, and Mumbai offshore.
• Hydroelectric power is generated in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
• Solar and wind energy is being developed in Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, and Gujarat.

Conservation Methods:

• Promoting renewable energy like solar and wind power.
• Using energy-efficient appliances and reducing wastage.
• Encouraging public transport and fuel-efficient vehicles.
• Implementing government schemes like UJALA for LED distribution.

Q10. What factors influence the location of industries in India? (2018)
Answer: Industries are located based on several factors:

• Availability of raw materials: Industries are set up near resource-rich areas. Example: Iron and steel plants in Jharkhand.
• Market proximity: Factories are located near cities for better sales. Example: Textile industry in Mumbai.
• Transport and infrastructure: Good roads, railways, and ports attract industries. Example: IT hubs in Bengaluru.
• Government policies: Special Economic Zones (SEZs) encourage industrial growth.
• Labor availability: Areas with skilled and cheap labor attract industries. Example: Garment industry in Tiruppur.