Environmental Effects of Freons: In addition to CO2, freon gas is a greenhouse gas. The Law on the Protection of the Ozone Layer through the Control of Specific Substances and Other Measures currently restricts the use of CFCs and HCFCs as refrigerants in trains and building air conditioners.
As a result, hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons are increasingly being used as substitutes. Alternative freons are being used to replace certain freons that have a high ozone depletion potential. Alternative freons, on the other hand, contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, so conversion to new refrigerants is being researched.
Other greenhouse gases, such as sulphur hexafluoride, are strictly controlled and regulated from production to disposal and are never released into the atmosphere. However, most countries have banned the use of Freons due to the potential environmental and health effects of ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect.
Freon gas is a potent greenhouse gas that traps heat that the planet would otherwise emit into space. Freon has indeed been identified as one of the most egregious environmental contaminants. The chemical components of the substance contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer as it travels through the atmosphere. It is predicted that depletion will result in an increase in UV radiation reaching the earth’s surface, posing serious threats to human health.
Photochemical dissociation of Freons and related CFCs was identified as a major cause of the apparent degradation of the Earth’s ozone layer in the mid-1970s. Because ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation, which can cause skin cancer, ozone depletion could endanger animal life on Earth.
In the late 1970s, the use of Freons in aerosol spray containers was prohibited in the United States. By the early 1990s, mounting evidence of ozone depletion in the polar regions had raised global public concern about the issue, and by 1996, nearly all developed countries had banned the production of nearly all Freons.
Because of their role in ozone depletion, most CFCs are now banned or severely restricted by the Montreal Protocol of August 1987. Brands of Freon containing hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have replaced many uses, but they, too, are strictly regulated under the Kyoto Protocol as “super-greenhouse effect” gases.
Freon is either of a number of simple fluorinated aliphatic organic compounds used in commerce and industry. Freons frequently contain hydrogen, chlorine, or bromine in addition to fluorine and carbon. As a result, Freons are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and related compounds. The name Freon is a registered trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company.
Freons are water-insoluble and have a high level of chemical inertness. They are unaffected by molten sodium and remain stable in hot concentrated mineral acids. As a result, the Freon gas structure is formed by solid C-F bonds that become shorter as the fluorine atom to carbon ratio increases.
Freons are colourless, odourless, non-flammable, non-corrosive gases or liquids with low toxicity that were introduced as refrigerants in the 1930s; they also proved useful as aerosol propellants and in a variety of technical applications. Because of their low boiling points, surface tension, and viscosity, they are particularly useful refrigerants.
They are inert, extremely stable compounds. In their circulation through refrigerating and air-conditioning systems, Freons pose no fire risk and emit no detectable odour. Dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon 12), trichlorofluoromethane (Freon 11), chlorodifluoromethane (Freon 22), dichlorotetrafluoroethane (Freon 114), and trichlorotrifluoroethane have been the most important members of the group (Freon 113). Let us now discuss about the Environmental Effects of Freons.
Freon gas is a powerful greenhouse gas that traps heat that would otherwise be emitted into space by the planet. As a result, the earth’s temperature rises, causing rising sea levels, droughts, stronger storms, flash floods, and a slew of other negative consequences.
As it passes through the air, the chemical components of freon degrade the ozone layer. The ozone layer’s depletion increases the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth’s surface, posing a serious health risk to humans. Increased ozone levels, on the other hand, cause respiratory problems and may even kill plants.
One of the most egregious environmental contaminants has been identified as freon. The chemical compounds in it erode the ozone layer as it travels through the air. The amount of ultraviolet radiation that reaches the earth’s surface increases as a result of depletion, posing serious health risks to people.
As a result, Freon is gradually being phased out of modern appliances. Only drug trafficking outnumbers attempts to transport the chemical across US border ports at the same time. Smuggling Freon is illegal, and federal agents conducting “sting” operations on the Freon “black market” have apprehended a number of smugglers.
Freons have numerous applications due to their low boiling points and viscosity. The most common refrigerant applications are Refrigerators and Air-conditioning units.
Other applications for Freons include:
Furthermore, many teenagers and young adults have used Freons as inhalants. Inhalants are legal substances that, when inhaled heavily, produce a high. To get high, people may inhale refrigerant gases, paint thinners, sprays, or gasoline.
Bare in mind that if you are exposed to Freon on the job, the chemical is not completely safe. As a result, you should have regular check-ups at least once a year. All medical evaluations should take into account the possibility that Freon is causing heart damage. Exposure to freon is usually minimal in most cases, such as when a refrigerator or air conditioner leaks. If you have a history of heart problems, you should avoid Freon because it can cause an irregular heartbeat.
Freon gases, when present in large quantities, can cause dizziness, hypoxia, and a loss of coordination and concentration. These may irritate sensitive skin (rashes, dermatitis, etc.), but there are no long-term health risks associated with Freon. Freon is not mutagenic, teratogenic, or carcinogenic, and it is not hepatotoxic.
The freons are colourless, odourless, and extremely stable. The presence of Group 17 elements such as fluorine, chlorine, and other such elements contributes to their stability. The molecule is extremely stable due to the presence of C-F and C-H bonds. However, in the presence of ultraviolet rays in the stratosphere, freons die out due to UV ray exposure. There are over 300 different types of freon gases.
Freon gases are broadly used, and it was in laboratories that they were first synthesised due to their widespread industrial applications. Refrigerators, air-conditioning systems, aerosol propellants, foam-blowing agents, solvents, glass chillers, polymer intermediates, fire extinguishers, and anaesthetics are some of the applications for freon gases. Freons have also been used as inhalants by teenagers and young adults because they are everyday legal substances that produce a high when inhaled intensely.
Despite the fact that freon gases have a wide range of industrial applications and are chemically inert at room temperature, there are some side effects of these gases that were not anticipated during their synthesis in the lab. When UV rays were passed through these gases, it was discovered that the freon gases broke down and produced radical Halogen ions. These ions were extremely reactive, and in the stratosphere, they began reacting with the ozone gas, depleting the ozone layer and exposing the earth's surface to harmful ultraviolet radiation.
