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Ara, also known as Arrah, is a city and municipal corporation nestled in the heart of the Bhojpur district in the Indian state of Bihar. This historical city has a rich tapestry of culture, mythology, and a storied past that dates back to ancient times. From its association with the Ramayana and Mahabharata to the events of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Ara stands as a testament to the resilience and cultural diversity of Bihar. In this comprehensive article, we will delve into the various facets that make Ara a unique and intriguing destination.
Mythological Roots of Ara
The name “Arrah” has deep-rooted connections with mythology. According to ancient scriptures, the word “Arrah” or “Ara” is believed to be derived from the Sanskrit word “Aranya,” meaning forest. This suggests that the region around modern Ara was once heavily forested. In Hindu mythology, sage Vishwamitra, the Guru of Rama, is said to have had his ‘Ashram’ in this very region. The epic Ramayana mentions that Rama killed the demon Taraka somewhere near Arrah.
Historical Evolution of Ara
- Ancient Era
In ancient India, Ara was a part of Magadha and, during Chandragupta Maurya’s rule, it became a significant region of the great Magadh empire. The archaeological site at Masarh village, near Ara, holds the Masarh lion and Ashoka Pillars, providing a glimpse into the city’s ancient past.
- Mediaeval Period
During the 14th century, the Chero dynasty lost Western Bihar, including Ara, to the Ujjainiya Rajputs. The region saw conflicts and power shifts, with the Ujjainiyas, Cheros, and Sher Shah Suri playing crucial roles. Babur, the founder of the Mughal dynasty, camped in Ara in 1529 A.D, marking another significant chapter in the city’s mediaeval history.
- British Colonial Era
The Battle of Buxar in 1764 brought Ara under British control. However, it was during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 that Ara gained prominence. The city became a centre of revolt, with a group of British civilians and Indian soldiers besieged in the Little House at Arrah by the forces of Veer Kunwar Singh. The siege lasted eight days, showcasing the resilience of the defenders.
Modern Times of Ara
In modern times, Ara has evolved into a bustling city, the headquarters of the Bhojpur district. The city witnessed a royal visit in 1911 when King George V prayed at the Holy Saviour Church. Despite facing challenges like the Plague between 1901 and 1911, Ara continued to grow and adapt to the changing times.
Geography and Climate of Ara
Ara is strategically located at the confluence of the Ganges and Son rivers. The Ganges forms its northern boundary, while the Son river separates the Bhojpuri and Magahi-speaking regions of Bihar. The fertile land, with low forest cover, makes Ara an ideal area for cultivation, particularly of crops like rice, mango, and mahua.
The climate in Ara is characterised by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The city experiences a humid subtropical climate, with distinct wet and dry seasons.
Demographics and Languages of Ara
As per the 2011 census, the population of the Arrah Municipal Corporation was 261,099, with a sex ratio of 874. The literacy rate was 83.41 percent. Bhojpuri is the predominant language spoken in Ara, followed by Hindi and Urdu. The city reflects a harmonious blend of diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
Government and Administration
Ara serves as the headquarters of the Bhojpur district, and its municipal corporation is divided into 45 wards. The city’s administration is led by an IAS or state Civil service officer, serving as the Sub Divisional Magistrate (SDM). The Arrah Tehsil is further divided into eight blocks, each headed by a Block Development Officer (BDO).
The police force in Ara is led by a Superintendent of Police, an IPS officer, ensuring the city’s safety and security.
Economy and Industries of Ara
Ara boasts an industrial area near Koilwar and is rich in natural resources, particularly the sand of the Son river. The alluvial deposits of the Ganges river make the region suitable for brick making. In recent years, the city has mined substantial amounts of sand, generating significant revenue for the local economy.
Culture and Cityscape in Ara
Ara’s cultural landscape is influenced by its native language, Bhojpuri. The city celebrates various festivals, including Holi, Durga Puja, Chhath, Diwali, Eid, and Christmas. The local cuisine includes traditional Bhojpuri dishes like Litti-Chokha, Makuni, Dal Pitthi, and a variety of sweets like Khurma and Thekua.
The cityscape is adorned with historical landmarks such as the Aranya Devi Temple, Maula Bagh Mosque, Koilwar Bridge, and the Arrah–Chhapra Bridge. These landmarks not only contribute to the city’s aesthetic appeal but also hold historical and religious significance.
Tourist Attractions in Ara
Ara is not just a city; it is a treasure trove of historical and religious sites. Some of the must-visit places include:
- Aranya Devi Temple: Dedicated to the Forest Goddess, this ancient temple atop stone boulders draws devotees seeking blessings and spiritual solace.
- Maula Bagh Mosque: Built in the 18th century by John Deane, the collector of Shahabad, this mosque reflects the city’s cultural diversity.
- Koilwar Bridge: The oldest railway bridge in India, connecting Ara and Patna, and a symbol of architectural brilliance.
- Ramna Maidan: One of the largest urban parks in Ara, providing a serene retreat for locals and visitors alike.
- Arrah–Chhapra Bridge (Veer Kunwar Singh Setu): The world’s longest multi-span extradosed bridge, connecting Ara and Chhapra.
- Maharaja College: A significant historical site in Ara, contributing to the city’s educational legacy.
- Masarh: A village near Ara with Lion capitals from the Mauryan period, providing insights into ancient Indian history.
- Arrah House: A small British building within the Maharaja College premises, showcasing architectural remnants of the colonial era.
- Holy Saviour Church: Built in 1911 during King George V’s visit, this church adds to Ara’s religious diversity.
Education of Ara
Ara has a robust educational infrastructure with schools affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education and the Bihar School Examination Board. Veer Kunwar Singh University is a prominent institution in the city. Higher education is facilitated by institutions like Har Prasad Das Jain College, Maharaja College, and Jagjiwan College.
The city witnessed a positive development with the establishment of Government Engineering College, Bhojpur, under the Department of Science and Technology, Bihar.
Sports and Recreation
Cricket is the most popular sport in Ara, with Veer Kunwar Singh Stadium serving as a venue for various cricket, football, and hockey tournaments. The city encourages a sports culture with grounds like Ramna Maidan, Maharaja College ground, Airport Ground, and Jain College Ground hosting diverse sporting events.
Ara Popular Culture and Media
Ara has found its way into popular culture through various mediums:
- Folk Tradition: The saying “Ara jilā Ghar Ba ta, kawana bāt kē dar bā” reflects the city’s resilience and is a testament to the spirit of its people.
- Films and Songs: The city has been featured in films like Gandhi and the first Bhojpuri film, Ganga Maiyya Tohe Piyari Chadhaibo. Bollywood film Anaarkali of Aarah draws inspiration from the city’s cultural backdrop.
- Books: The English book “Two Months In Arrah” provides a detailed account of the Siege of Arrah during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
- Notable Personalities: Ara has been home to influential personalities who have left their mark on history, including:
- Veer Kunwar Singh: A key leader of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in Bihar.
- Jagjivan Ram: The 4th Deputy Prime Minister of India and Defense Minister during the 1971 India-Pakistan war.
- Meira Kumar: The first woman Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
- Pawan Singh: A renowned Bhojpuri actor and singer.
- Neeraj Pandey: A successful film director.
- Vishal Aditya Singh: An actor and model making waves in the entertainment industry.
Ara stands as a city that seamlessly blends its ancient roots with the demands of the modern world. From its mythological significance to its pivotal role in historical events, Ara has witnessed the ebb and flow of time, emerging as a vibrant and culturally rich destination. Whether one is drawn to its historical landmarks, religious sites, educational institutions, or sports culture, Ara offers a diverse and immersive experience for residents and visitors alike. As the city continues to evolve, it remains a hidden gem in Bihar, waiting to be explored and appreciated for its unique charm and historical significance.
FAQs on Ara, Bihar
What is the historical significance of Ara?
Ara has a rich history dating back to ancient times, with connections to the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and the Indian Rebellion of 1857. It has witnessed the rule of Mauryas, Mughals, and British, showcasing its resilience and cultural diversity.
What is the mythological root of the name Arrah?
The name Arrah is believed to be derived from the Sanskrit word Aranya
How did Ara evolve during the British colonial era?
Ara came under British control after the Battle of Buxar in 1764. However, its prominence increased during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 when it became a center of revolt, with a notable siege lasting eight days, showcasing the city's historical significance.
What is the demographic profile of Ara?
As per the 2011 census, the population of the Arrah Municipal Corporation was 261,099, with a sex ratio of 874. The city is linguistically diverse, with Bhojpuri being the predominant language, followed by Hindi and Urdu.
What are the key tourist attractions in Ara?
Ara offers a range of historical and religious sites, including the Aranya Devi Temple, Maula Bagh Mosque, Koilwar Bridge, Ramna Maidan, Arrah–Chhapra Bridge, Maharaja College, Masarh, Arrah House, and Holy Saviour Church.
