Table of Contents
Life Definition
Life is a characteristic that distinguishes physical objects from non-living objects. It is the ability of an organism to grow, reproduce, and respond to its environment.
Variation in the Size of Microorganisms
There is a great deal of variation in the size of microorganisms. Some, such as bacteria, can be as small as a few micrometers in size, while others, such as protozoa, can be as large as a few millimeters. This variation is due to a variety of factors, including the type of microorganism, the environment in which it lives, and the nutrients it consumes.
Prokaryotic Cell Definition
A prokaryotic cell is a type of cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells are generally much simpler than eukaryotic cells and are often found in unicellular organisms like bacteria.
Eukaryotic Cell
In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane. The nuclear membrane is continuous with the plasma membrane, so the cytoplasm of the cell surrounds the nucleus. The nuclear membrane is discontinuous with the endoplasmic reticulum, so the endoplasmic reticulum is not inside the nucleus. The nucleus contains the chromosomes, which are made of DNA. The DNA is organized into chromosomes by proteins called histones. The chromosomes are replicated by the DNA replication machinery, which is located in the nucleus. The DNA is also transcribed into RNA, which is transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. The RNA is translated into protein by the protein synthesis machinery, which is located in the cytoplasm.
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
The cell is the basic unit of life. All living things are made up of cells. Cells are so small that you need a microscope to see them.
There are two types of cells, prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are the simplest type of cell. They are found in bacteria and other single-celled organisms.
Eukaryotic cells are more complex. They are found in plants and animals. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and other organelles.
The cell wall is a tough, protective layer that surrounds the cell membrane. The cell membrane is the outer layer of the cell. It is made up of a lipid bilayer and is responsible for controlling what enters and leaves the cell.
The cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance inside the cell. It contains the organelles.
The nucleus is the largest organelle in the cell. It is responsible for controlling the cell’s activities. The nucleus contains the DNA, which stores the genetic information for the cell.
The mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell. They produce energy from food molecules.
The chloroplasts are found in plant cells. They are responsible for photosynthesis, the process that produces food from sunlight.
The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubes and sacs that helps to process and store proteins.
The Gol
