How many types of histones form core part of nucleosome?
During translation, amino acids are activated in the presence of ATP and linked to
Which of the following is synthesized by RNA polymerase III?
In splicing, the sequences which are kept and those which are removed, respectively, are
Which of the following is not a part of transcription unit?
The corona virus responsible for global pandemic is an RNA virus and hence is
Identify the correct match.
Identify the correct statement w.r.t tailing (a) Occurs only in the processing of an eukaryotic RNA (b) Addition of 200-300 adenylate residues at 3’ end (c) Addition of adenylate residues occur in template independent manner
In prokaryotes and eukaryotes transcription takes place in:
The untranslated regions
What happens during splicing?
Nucleic acid with structural and catalytic role is
If the DNA has 60,000 base pairs. How many complete turns will the DNA molecule take?
The unequivocal proof that DNA is the genetic material came from the experiments of
Which of the following is correct regarding genetic code?
1. To establish the transforming principle as DNA, which enzymes were used by Avery et al ? I. DNAases II. RNAases III. Proteases IV. Lipases
Which one of the following is the starter codon?
Name the enzyme that facilitates opening of DNA helix during transcription.
The role of Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates during DNA replication is/are I. Energy source II. Substrates III. Enzymes IV. Factors
Choose the incorrect statement with respect to structure of mRNA.
How many nitrogen base pairs are present in a typical nucleosome?
Splicing is associated with
DNA replication occurs just prior to the fission in
Severo Ochoa enzyme:
Identify the correct order of organisation of genetic material w.r.t packaging in eukaryotes:
Which of the following genes are translated in Lac operon?
Find the incorrect match.
Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate serves the dual purpose of A and B in the process of replication of DNA. A B 1. enzyme substrate 2. catalyst substrate 3. substrate energy provider 4. energy mutage provider
DNA contains adenine (A)-18%, which of the following base proportion confirms that it is mainly double stranded DNA.
Match List I with List II and choose the correct match. List – I List – II A) Watson and Crick i) Established DNA as genetic material B) Messelson and Stahl ii) Model for Structure of DNA C) Jacob and Monad iii) Proved DNA replicates in semiconservative manner D) Hershey and Chase iv) Regulation of DNA expression
Which scientists worked to determine the biochemical nature of âtransforming principleâ of Griffith’s experiment?
Length of DNA is much greater that the size of the nucleus. Such a long DNA can be accommodated within the nucleus naturally by
Which of the following characters provide additional stability to the structure of DNA? (a) Absence of 2âOH in the pentose sugar (b) Presence of thymine in place of uracil (c) Presence of the phosphate group in the nucleotide
Viruses of bacteria grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorus contained:
Identify the subunit that is present in the holoenzyme of RNA polymerase but is absent in the core enzyme of RNA polymerase.
DNA dependent RNA polymerase can catalyse the polymerization in:
Calculate the number of hydrogen bonds in DNA with 40 Cytosines, which transcribes mRNA with 45 codons.
Identify the proteins that are helpful in RNA splicing.
The binding of amino acid to the amino acid attachment site of its specific tRNA is called
Identify the correct statement(s) w.r.t. introns. (a) Intervening sequences present between exons (b) Found only in eukaryotes (c) Removed during post translational modification.
Identify the organism that has monocistronic structural gene.
The Ï factor
Identify the correct statement.
During DNA replication,
Which pair of amino acids do not follow the property ‘degeneracy of genetic code’?
Which one of the following is wrongly matched ?
Meselson and Stahl, in their experiment on E . coli , used which of the following technique to distinguish the heavy, hybrid and light DNA?
The function of gene ‘ a’ product of Lac operon is
In the DNA of an organism, which is double stranded, 30% of the bases are cytosine. The percentage of the other three bases expected to be present in this DNA are: ( A for adenine, G for guanine, T for thymine and C for cytosine).
Scheme for replication of DNA was proposed by
Lactose can bind to A. β -galactosidase B. Permease C. Repressor D. Promoter
Which of the following proteins helps in holding DNA together in eukaryotes?
Which of the following is not a property of the genetic code?
Complete the given flow chart about DNA compaction and packaging by selecting the correct option. DNA X Y Chromatin fiber Z Chromosome
Select the incorrect statement about tRNA.
Who gave biochemical characterisation of transforming principle?
Reverse central dogma is different from central dogma, due to presence of enzyme.
Identify the correct labelling from given below diagram.
Experimental organism of Frederick Griffith was
What will happen if the double-stranded RNA is produced during transcription?
The cellular factory responsible for the synthesis of proteins is
UTRs present on mRNA refer to
An operon is considered to regulate a
Lactose is transported into cells because of the activity of
The final proof for DNA as the genetic material came from the experiments of
Spliceosomes are not found in cells of
The association of histone H 1 with a nucleosome indicates that
Trascriptionally active chromatin is
Gene regulation in Eukaryotes for the formation of proteins takes place at the following levels. I. Transcriptional level II. Splicing of hnRNA III. mRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm IV. Translation level
Which scientist experimentally proved that DNA is the sole genetic material in bacteriophage ?
In the process of transcription in Eukaryotes, the RNA polymerase I transcribes :-
Consider the following statements and choose the correct option : (a) Six codons do not code for any amino-acid. (b) Codon is read in m-RNA in a contiguous fashion. (c) Three codons function as stop codons. (d) The initiator codon AUG codes for methionine.
Match the codons and amino acids and choose the correct match. Codons Amino acids A) UCU I) Alanine B) CCU II) Threonine C) ACU III) Proline D) GCU IV) Serine
Statement A: A structural gene is a cistron. Statement B: Cistrons have information for the formation of protein/s.
If the distance between two consecutive base pairs is 0.34 nm and the DNA is 4.08m. Calculate the number of base pairs present in the DNA.
To initiate and terminate the transcription, RNA polymerase associates transiently with:
Reverse transcription was discovered by:
A mRNA has 69 nucleotides which includes the stop codon. Calculate the number of amino acids present in the polypeptide chain.
The experimental proof of semi-conservative replication of DNA was shown by
In prokaryotes the process of translation can begin much before the mRNA is fully transcribed. This is because of:
In lac operon, information for β-galactosidase formation is present in the gene
In lac operon:
The process of replication of DNA in E. coli requires an enzyme referred to as
The whole structure indicated in the figure is of .
During which phase of the cell cycle does replication of DNA takes place in eukaryotes?
The process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA is known as
The coding sequences of DNA are known as A and the intervening sequences are known as B respectively. A B 1. exon intron 2. intron exon 3. cistron exon 4. exon cistron
ρ -factor in the process of transcription in bacteria is also known as
In bacteria, which of the following plays a structural and catalytic role in the translation process?
In bacteria, in context of mRNA, which of the following is not true? a. Transcription and translation takes place in different compartment. b. Post-transcriptional modifications are required like splicing. c. Translation occurs only after transcription.
RNA polymerase I transcribes in eukaryotes.
In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase III is responsible for synthesis of
The codon AUG has dual function as it codes for A and also acts as a B codon. A B 1. phenylalanine initiator 2. methionine terminator 3. methionine regulator 4. methionine initiator
In a post-transcriptional modification called tailing, A residues are added at the B of mRNA. A B 1. adenylate 5′ end 2. guanylate 3′ end 3. adenylate 3′ end 4. guanylate 5′ end
Choose the feature not shown by genetic code
The UTRs are some additional sequences present on mRNA which do not undergo translation. These sequences are present at:
This is the region of lac operon which is not having information for the formation of protein.
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the salient features of DNA double helix? (a) It is made of two polynucleotide chains, where the backbone is constituted by sugar-phosphate, and the bases project outside. (b) The two chains have anti-parallel polarity. It means, if one chain has the polarity 5’â3′, the other has 3’â5′. (c) There are roughly 10 bp in each turn of double helix.
Identify the correct statement.
There are two DNA molecules. One of them has 70% G-C content in their DNA and the other has 45% G-C content. Identify the correct statement w.r.t to the above information.
After one round of replication, every new DNA double helix would be a hybrid that consisted of one strand of old DNA bound to one strand of newly synthesized DNA strand. This scheme is termed as
RNA primer formation is required during DNA replication because
During DNA replication, helicase helps in:
The rRNA helps in:
Who postulated the presence of an adapter molecule needed for the process of translation?
A DNA molecule has 100 bp. The number of adenine residues in it is 40. Calculate the total number of hydrogen bonds present in the DNA.
Identify the correct statement.
Arrange the steps of translation in correct order.
Which of the following is required for the formation of protein? (a) tRNAs with their attached amino acids (b) Ribosomes (c) Messenger RNA (d) Gyrase (e) RNA polymerase
The small subunit of ribosome select the initial AUG codon of mRNA to be placed at its P site as opposed to some internal one in bacterial ribosome because of
When the repressor binds the operator
The elucidation of the lac operon was given by:
If lactose is not there in the medium then
The regulatory gene of lac operon codes for:
Identify the correct match
Length of the DNA is 510 angstroms. Find the percentage of cytosine. Assume the number of adenine bases is 30 in that DNA.
The viruses grown on radioactive sulphur contained
Y-shaped structure formed during DNA replication is called:
The similarity between DNA and RNA is
The base composition of virus was found to be 20% A, 35% G, 39% T and 6% C. From this data predict the genetic material of the virus.
Identify the correct statement w.r.t. capping.
Biochemical characterization of transforming principle was done by
The function of enzyme DNA polymerase-I is to
Which one amongst the following organisms shows coupled transcription and translation?
Identify the step of transcription from the figure given below.
Identify the correct match
Statement A: mRNA does not require any processing to become active in prokaryotes Statement B: Transcription and translation take place in the same compartment in prokaryotes
Which factor is required for the process of termination of transcription?
How many of the following statements are correct regarding UTRs? (a) Present only before the start codon (b) Required for efficient translation process (c) Translation begins from these sequences
Identify the incorrect statement(s). (a) Interstitial phosphodiester bonds in a polynucleotide chain are hydrolysed by exonucleases. (b) The primer in DNA replication is a helix stabilising protein. (c) DNA duplication occurs during S phase of interphase.
The unequivocal proof of DNA as the genetic material came from the studies on a
In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase III is not involved in transcribing
Match Column I with Column II Column I Column II a. mRNA i. Removes introns from hnRNA using ATP b. rRNA ii. Brings amino acids to the site of protein synthesis c. tRNA iii. Carries the coding sequences for protein synthesis d. SnRNP iv. Constituent of ribosomes
Select the incorrect match.
Match Column I with Column II. Column I Column II a. Translation i. Recognition sequence for transcription in prokaryotes. b. Transcription ii. The process of polymerisation of amino acids to form a polypeptide. c. TATAAT iii. Helps in tailoring of hnRNA. d. Snurps iv. The process of copying genetic information from one strand of the DNA into RNA.
The RNA polymerase binds to the promoter to
Lac repressor can bind to
Translation in eukaryotes takes place with the help of
The loop of tRNA that has bases complementary to the codon present on mRNA is called
If a hybrid DNA molecule (represented as 14 N 15 N) is allowed to replicate twice in normal culture medium, the percentage of hybrid DNA will be :
In eukaryotes, RNA Polymerase III catalyses the synthesis of :
For double stranded DNA , Chargaff observed that
Match the following: Column I Column II a. Central Dogma i. Hershey and Chase b. Unequivocal proof that DNA is the genetic material ii. Taylor and colleagues. c. Proof of semi-conservative mode of DNA replication in eukaryotes. iii. Marshall Nirenberg d. Cell-free system for protein synthesis that helped in deciphering the genetic code iv. Francis Crick
Choose the wrong pair with respect to codon and respective amino acid it indicates.
Which gene of lac operon has the information for the formation of non-enzymatic protein?
Which one of the following is not the property of DNA?
All of the given are stop codons, except
Opening of DNA helix during transcription is performed by
AGGTATCGCAT is a sequence form the coding strand of a gene. Identify the corresponding sequence of the transcribed mRNA.
The regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes occurs at I. Transcription level II. Translation level III. Transport level IV. Processing level
While analyzing the DNA of an organism it was found that adenine proportion was 30%. What would be the proportion of cytosine in its DNA?
Activation of amino acid during protein synthesis along with ATP requires
A leading strand is
MacLeod, McCarty and Avery determined that R strain bacteria transforming into S strain bacteria by obtaining the following form dead S strain.
Find the correct match. Column I Column II a. Non-degenerate codon (i) GUG b. Ambiguous codon (ii) UAG c. Amber (iii) UGG d. Ochre (iv) UGA (v) UAA
How many statements are correct from the list given below? A. DNA is the first genetic material. B. RNA used to act as a genetic material as well as a catalyst in some organisms. C. DNA has evolved from RNA with chemical modifications that make it more stable. D. The essential life process such as metabolism, translation and splicing, evolved around RNA.
The process of polymerisation of amino acid to form a polypeptide, is known as
A heavy DNA is made to replicate for two generations in 14 N containing NH 4 Cl. How many dsDNA molecules shall possess 15 N?
Cistron is defined as a segment of DNA coding for a polypeptide. Eukaryotes are identified having
The given below central dogma was proposed by
Select incorrect pair.
Removal of RNA polymerase II from nucleoplasm will affect the synthesis of
Which is a constitutive gene in lac -operon?
In eubacteria, which of the following is the predominant site for control of gene expression?
Mark the mis-matched pair.
Which of the following step of translation does not consume a high energy phosphate bond or ATP?
Study the given diagram and identify A to F.
Name the heavy isotope used by Meselson and Stahl for proving the semiconservative mode of DNA.
DNA replication is semiconservative. It was shown first in
If both the strands copied during transcription, then what will happen? a. The strands of DNA would be coding for two different proteins b. Two RNA will be produced simultaneously complementary to each other c. There will be formation of double helical RNA
Choose the correct option. a. Splicing represent the dominance of RNA world b. The presence of introns is reminiscent of antiquity c. Split gene arrangements represent an ancient feature of the genome
Who used cell free system for protein synthesis?
Which of the following is not a stop codon?
Which mutation of the genetic bases gives the proof that codon is triplet and reads in a contagious manner?
tRNA binds to mRNA through
Removal of RNA polymerase-Ill from nucleoplasm will affect the synthesis of
Why glucose and galactose cannot act as an inducer for lac operon?
Which enzyme will be produced in a cell if there is a nonsense mutation in the lac Y gene?
Identify the correct order of organization of genetic material from largest to smallest
Gene regulation governing lactose operon of E.coli that involves the lac I gene product is
The diagram shows an important concept in the genetic implication of DNA. Fill in the blanks A to C.
In sea urchin DNA, which is double stranded, 17% of the bases were shown to be cytosine. The percentages of the other three bases expected to be present in this DNA are
In an inducible operon, the genes are
Which one of the following is wrongly matched?
Transformation was discovered by
Which of the following is not a property of the genetic code?
The figure gives an important concept in the genetic implication of DNA. Fill the blanks A, B and C.
Repressor proteins bind to the following site of operon
Match the following List – I List – II 1) UGC I) Serine 2) UGG II) Tyrosine 3) CGU III) Argenine 4) UAU IV) Tryptophan V) Cysteine
Which processes are shown by the given figure?
Select the correct option.
Which of the following is required as inducer (s) for the expression of Lac operon?
Taylor conducted the experiments to prove semi-conservative mode of chromosome replication on
The equivalent of a structural gene is
Which of the following rRNAs acts as structural RNA as well as ribozyme in bacteria?
A molecule that can act as a genetic material must fulfill the traits given below, except
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyses transcription on one strand of the DNA which is called the
If there are 999 bases in an RNA that code for a protein with 333 amino acids, and the base at position 901 is deleted such that the length of the RNA becomes 998 bases, how many codons will be altered?
The experimental proof for semi-conservative replication of DNA was first shown in a
Select the correct match
During DNA replication, Okazaki fragments are used to elongate
Which of the following RNAs should be most abundant in animal cell?
DNA replication in bacteria occurs
Select the correct match
Match the following genes of the Lac operon with their respective products. Column I Column II (A) i gene (i) β -galactosidase (B) z gene (ii) Permease (C) a gene (iii) Repressor (D) y gene (iv) Transacetylase
Purines found both in DNA and RNA are
If a given organism has 14% thymine in its double stranded DNA, what would be the amount of Adenine, Guanine and Cytosine respectively.
DNA polymerase catalyzes the polymerization of nucleotides in the following direction.
The Codons with dual functions are I. AUG II. GUG III. UAG IV. UGG
Lactose cannot induce the expression of the following gene.
Under which of the following conditions there will be no change in the reading frame of following mRNA? 5′ AACAGCGGUGCUAUU 3′
AGGTATCGCAT is a sequence from the coding strand of a gene. What will be the corresponding sequence of the transcribed mRNA?
All of the following are part of an operon except
Which of the following features of genetic code does allow bacteria to produce human insulin by recombinant DNA technology?
The histone which does not form core of nucleosome
The lagging strand during DNA replication is refered to the following one.
Lac operon is
During Messelson and Stahl experiment, heavy DNA was distinguished from normal DNA by centrifugation in
Which of the following statement is correct with respect to nucleic acids and packing of DNA?
Taylor demonstrated semiconservative replication of DNA in
Choose the set of codons not read by tRNA.
Histones are basic proteins because they are rich in basic amino acids
Statement A: Hershey and Chase confirmed DNA as genetic material. Statement B: They discovered that genetic material in bacteria as DNA.
If the sequence of Bases in a Transcriptional unit is 5 ‘ G C T A C T A C T G C T A T G C 3 ‘ 3 ‘ C G A T G A T G A C G A T A C G 5 ‘ then the sequence of nitrogen bases on mRNA must be
Lac operon is switched on by
The accessibility of RNA polymerase to promoter regions of bacterial DNA in many cases is regulated by the interaction of proteins with sequences of the operon termed as
What is depicted by the diagram?
Which of the following statements are incorrect? I. RNA acts as genetic material as well as catalyst II. RNA is more stable than DNA III. RNA has evolved from DNA
Match the components of List I with List II and choose the correct match. List – I List – II A) Crick I) X-ray diffraction data on DNA B) Watson II) Model for DNA C) Meischer III) Nucleins D) Franklin IV) Central dogma
The length of DNA present in a haploid cell of man is
Statement A: All cistrons are genes Statement B: Every cistron has protein formation information in uninterrupted fashion.
List I List II A) β galactosidase I) Promoter B) Permease II) a gene C) Transacetylase III) y gene D) Repressor IV) z gene V) Gene i
If the distance between two consecutive base pairs is 0.34 nm and the total number of base pairs of a DNA double helix in a typical mammalian cell is 6 . 6 x 10 9 b p , then the length of the DNA is aproximately:
Which of the following statements is correct ?
Statement A: DNA resists changes. Statement B: It has repairing mechanism to correct wrong entries of nucleotides during replication.
The first phase of translation is :
Statement A: DNA molecule has uniform diameter throughout its length. Statement B: A purine of one strand pairs with pyrimidine of another strand.
Split genes are transcribed to form
Escherichia coli with completely heavy DNA 15 N was allowed to replicate in a medium with 14 NH 4 Cl for two generations. The percentage of bacteria with 15 N in its DNA is
The conditions for high level of transcription of structural genes in Lac operon are I. Absence of Glucose II. Presence of Lactose III. Active Repressor IV. Inactive repressor
In the polynucleotide chain of DNA, a nitrogenous base is linked to the –OH of
The term ‘Nuclein’ for the genetic material was used by
E. coli has only 4.6 × 10 6 base pairs and completes the process of replication within 18 minutes; then the average rate of polymerization is approximately
What will be the sequence of mRNA produced by the following stretch of DNA ? 3′ ATGCATGCATGCATG5′ TEMPLATE STRAND 5′ TACGTACGTACGTAC3′ CODING STRAND
Match the following RNA polymerase with their transcribed products : Column I Column II (a) RNA polymerase I (i) tRNA (b) RNA polymerase II (ii) rRNA (c) RNA polymerase III (iii) hnRNA Select the correct option from the following :
From the following, identify the correct combination of salient features of Genetic Code :-
What initiation and termination factors are involved in the transcription of Prokaryotes ?
If the ratio of (T + C)/(A+ G) in one strand of DNA is 1.43, same ratio in the complementary strand is :
Select the wrong statement :
Select the wrong statement :
Transcription differs from DNA replication in the following aspects. I. The type of enzymes involved II. Length of DNA template involved III. Number of DNA strands involved IV. The site on DNA where the process is initiated
Choose the correct statement.
Statement A: Lac operon is under control of positive regulation as well. Statement B: Lac operon is regulated positively by galactose.
Choose the amino acids among the following that have six codons each A. Valine B. Leucine C. Argenine D. Serine
During the processing of hnRNA to active mRNA the phenomenon involved in the breakdown and making of phosphodiester bonds in the RNA is called
The inducer in lac operon gene regulation is
Match the following List – I List – II A) Central dogma in molecular biology I) Gamow B) Replication of DNA in Eukaryotes II) Chase C) Transduction experiments to confirm DNA as genetic material III) Crick D) Code should be made of three nucleotides. IV) Taylor
The factor that initiates transcription is
During translation, ATP are utilized for
Arrange the following DNA sequences of lac operon in correct sequence. A. lac z B. lac promoter C. lac a D. lac operator
Name the enzyme that facilitates formation of peptide bond during translation.
Which of the following statements is correct?
Which of the following was not used by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase during their experiment?
Which of the following holds true for euchromatin?
Which of the following RNAs decide the sequence of amino acids in a protein?
The trp operon is said to be:
Match column I with Column II Column I Column II (a) Operators (i) Site for initiation of transcription (b) Promoters (ii) Codes for any RNA or protein product other than a regulatory factor (c) Structural genes (iii) Regulate accessibility of promoter (d) Regulator genes (iv) Code for repressor
Select the incorrect match.
AGGUAUCGCAU is the sequence on transcribed m-RNA. Identify the sequence of bases on the corresponding coding strand of the gene.
Taylor conducted experiments on Vicia faba to prove
Calculate the length of the DNA if the number of base pairs is 5 × 10 9
In lac operon, choose the genes that are not transcribed. a. lac promoter b. lac operator c. lac i d. lac a
All the reference point while defining a transcription unit is made with
Which of the following rRNAs functions as ribozyme in bacteria?
A single gene product may produce more than one effect. Example for this is
Match the type of genetic material with the examples. Genetic material Examples A) Single stranded DNA i) Rice dwarf Virus B) Double stranded RNA ii) ϕX174 virus C) Single stranded RNA iii) TMV D) Double stranded DNA iv) E. coli
RNA can easily express the characters because
Select the incorrectly matched one
Operon model for gene regulation in prokaryotes was proposed by
Match the amino acids given in List I with the corresponding codon given in List II and choose the correct match. List – I List – II A) Methionine i) UGG B) Tryptophan ii) GCC C) Phenyl alanine iii) AUG D) Alanine iv) UUC
In Eukaryotic chromatin fiber the histones which are rich in lysine than arginine is
Choose the correct statement with respect to replication of DNA.
In lac operon, the location of operator sequence is
Match the column I with Column II and choose the correct combination from given option. Column I Column II A. Bacteriophage Lambda I 6.6 x 10 9 bp B. Diploid human cell (nucleus) II 4.6 x 10 6 bp C. Bacteriophage φ x 174 III 48502 bp D. Escherichia coli IV 5386 nucleotides
RNA polymerase II helps in transcription of
Identify the correct option in context to the structure of heterochromatin.
Which of the following is incorrect with respect to Chargaff’s rules ?
Read the following statements. (i) The adjacent nucleotides in a nucleic acid are linked by phosphodiester bonds. (ii) Thiamine and uracil are not found in DNA. (iii) B-DNA has left-handed helical structure with 10 base pairs per turn. (iv) Pyrimidines are double-ring structures with four nitrogen atoms. Which of the above statements are correct ?
Choose the Correct one with respect to double stranded DNA structure.
Infection, Blending and Centrifugation are the three steps followed in the experiments conducted by the following
Match List I with List II and choose the correct match. List – I List – II A) RNA not involved in translation i) messenger RNA B) RNA acting as template ii) smaller nuclear RNA C) RNA with catalytic role iii) transfer RNA D) RNA acting as adaptor iv) ribosomal RNA
In trp operon, the attenuator is region present within the
How many types of nucleic acids are found in living systems?
The process of making RNA from DNA is termed as
The genetic code
The process of protein synthesis in biological systems is termed as
DNA is a polymer of
What does the figure represent?
Bacteriophage lambda has base pairs in nucleic acid (genetic material).
Which of the following holds true for Escherichia coli ?
A bacteriophage ϕ × 174 has
Which of the following is not a pyrimidine?
A is present in DNA only and B is present in RNA only. A B 1. cytosine thymine 2. thymine uracil 3. uracil thymine 4. thymine cytosine
A nitrogenous base is linked to the pentose sugar through
In the context of genetic material, nucleotide consists of a. N- base, Ribose sugar, Phosphate group b. N- base, Hexose sugar, Phosphate group c. Nucleoside + phosphate
3′ end of the polynucleotide chain bears
With which sugar is uracil associated?
Thymine can also be designated as
Friedrich Miescher
Erwin Chargaff found that
What is indicated by ‘m’ in the figure?
DNA has two strands which are to each other.
Anti-parallel polarity is exhibited by
Three H-bonds is exhibited by which DNA bases in the double helix structure?
Double helix model of DNA has a pitch of
Double helix model of DNA proposed by Watson and Crick has how many base pairs in one turn?
What confers additional stability to double helix model of DNA apart from the H-bond?
Central dogma in molecular biology was independently proposed by
The correct representation of central dogma is as follows:
Which of the unusual metabolic process is shown by viruses?
The length of human DNA is approximately
DNA is held together by which proteins in prokaryotes?
Which statement is true in the context of histones?
In a nucleosome, histones are organized in which structure?
The initial structure formed at the beginning of coiling of DNA around histones is
Typically a nucleosome consists of how many base pairs?
Histones are rich in which amino acid?
Chromatin is made up of
‘Beads-on-string’ structure can be viewed under
Chromatin fibres coil and condense at A stage of cell division to form B . A B 1. prophase nucleosomal 2. telophase solenoid 3. metaphase chromosome 4. anaphase chromatid
Which protein is indicated by ‘a’ in the figure?
In the nucleus, the region of chromatin which is loosely packed is known as
Which is true about the structure of heterochromatin?
Transformation experiments in search of genetic material were performed by
Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty (1933 – 44) worked to determine the nature of ‘transforming principle’ in Griffith’s experiment.
RNA digesting enzymes are commonly known as
The experiment which provides unequivocal proof that DNA is genetic material and it came from the experiment of
In the Hershey–Chase experiments the following isotopes were used
The Hershey–Chase experiments show which of the following steps chronologically?
DNA is a preferred genetic material over RNA due to which one of the following reasons?
After replication, each DNA molecule has one parental and one newly synthesized strand. This scheme is referred to as
In Meselson and Stahl experiment, E. coli was grown in a medium containing
Semiconservative replication of DNA was demonstrated by
In Meselson and Stahl experiment, 15 N can only be differentiated on the basis of
The average rate of polymerization of deoxyribonucleotides in E. coli DNA replication process is
Discontinuously synthesized strands of DNA adjacent to A DNA template are joined together by B . A B 1. 5′ to 3′ DNA endonuclease 2. 3′ to 5′ DNAase 3. 5′ to 3′ DNA ligase 4. 3′ to 5′ DNA ligase
Which of the following RNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes?
The intervening sequences in the primary transcript of mRNA are removed by
In a post-transcriptional modification, capping adds an unusual nucleotide like
The chemical method developed by was instrumental in synthesizing RNA molecules with defined combination of bases.
cell-free system for protein synthesis finally helped the genetic code to be deciphered.
Charging of tRNA is also known as
In sickle cell anaemia, which amino acid modification occurs in the β -chain of amino acid?
For the initiation of translation process, specific tRNAs involved are known as
tRNA was earlier called
The structure of tRNA resembles which leaf?
Ribozyme in bacteria is rRNA.
Lac operon was elucidated by
A polycistronic structural gene is regulated by a common promoter and regulator gene in bacteria and is commonly termed as
In lac operon, the inducer binds to to initiate the synthesis of enzymes responsible for lactose metabolism.
Identify the correct sequence of seral stages in primary succession in water.
Mutation that arises due to change in a single base pair of DNA is called:
In eukaryotes the RNA polymerase III is responsible for transcription of:
How many amino acids can be translated from the given sequence if the 5th and 8th nucleotide undergo deletion? AUGUUUUGCAAUAAG
The i gene in lac operon synthesises:
Which one of the following is correctly matched?
Histones are rich in the following amino acid residues-
Which of the following codon has dual functions?
Biochemical characterization of transforming principle was shown for the first time by
Match the List I with List II with respect to lac operon List – I List – II A) Product of gene y i) Repressor B) Product of gene z ii) Transporter protein C) Product of gene i iii) Hydrolase D) Product of gene a iv) Transferase
Choose the correct statement with respect to works of Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty.
Among the following choose the codons that specify the same amino acid A. CGA B. GGA C. AGA D. UGA
Spliceosomes involved in splicing of hnRNA into mRNA are chemically made of
The RNA polymerase II transcribes:
The adapter molecule:
If a silent mutation occurs in the lac z gene of the lac operon in E.coli:
Match List I with List II and choose the correct match. List – I List – II A) Watson and Crick i) Established DNA as genetic material B) Messelson and Stahl ii) Model for Structure of DNA C) Jacob and Monad iii) Proved DNA replicates in semiconservative manner D) Hershey and Chase iv) Regulation of DNA expression
Rho (ρ) factor is involved in
Match the List I with List II and choose the correct match. List – I List – II A) Promoter i) The strand of nucleic acid which has information for the formation of complementary strand of nucleic acid or a polypeptide chain B) Ori ii) Region of DNA where transcription is initiated. C) Terminator iii) Region of DNA where DNA replication is initiated D) Template strand iv) Region of DNA where transcription comes to an end.
Nucleosome is the unit of
If the sequence of bases in the coding strand of DNA at a cistron is 5ʹ ATGTCATGGCCCTTATAA 3ʹ, the sequence of amino acid in a polypeptide would be.
These processes occur in template independent manner. I. Capping of mRNA in eukaryotes II. Tailing of mRNA in eukaryotes. III. Transcription IV. DNA replication
Choose the incorrect statement with respect to RNA
Choose the incorrect statement
Match the contents of List I with List II List – I List – II A) Griffith i) Semiconservative replication of DNA in eukaryotes B) Hershey and Chase ii) Semiconservative replication of DNA in bacteria C) Meselson and Stahl iii) Transformation in Streptococcus D) Taylor iv) DNA is genetic material in Bacteriophages
Arrange the involvement of following enzymes during DNA replication in correct sequence. a. DNA Ligase b. Helicase c. Primase d. DNA polymerase
Identify the incorrect statement.
What happens when allolactose acts as an inducer in lac operon?
In which post-transcriptional modification, an unusual nucleotide 7-methyl guanosine triphosphate (7-mGTP) is added to the 5’ end of m RNA of eukaryotes?
Read the following statements: (a) At the time of Mendel, the nature of ‘factors’ regulating the pattern of inheritance was not clear. (b) Over the next hundred years, the nature of the genetic material was investigated and found to be DNA for the majority of organisms.
Identify the incorrect statement.
The method used by Meselson and Stahl to separate heavy DNA from light DNA for proving semi conservative mode of DNA replication is
Identify the correct statement
The pitch of the DNA helix and the distance between adjacent base pairs in a helix is approximately
The uniform distance between the two strands of the helix is due to
Statement A: Similarity in DNA and RNA is that both have similar sugars Statement B: Nitrogenous bases are aliphatic molecule
Central dogma was proposed by:
Histone proteins are:
What forms the repeating units of chromatin?
Select the incorrect match.
The packaging of chromatin of eukaryotes at higher level requires additional set of proteins that collectively are referred to as
The S strain of Pneumococcus produces smooth shiny colonies because they:
Griffith, in his transformation experiments, worked with:
Identify the correct sequence of steps of Hershey and Chase experiment.
What was observed after centrifugation was done in bacterial cells that were infected with a bacteriophage growing in presence of radioactive phosphorous?
Identify the incorrect criteria for a molecule that acts as a genetic material.
Identify the correct statement(s). (a) DNA being double stranded and having complementary strand further resists changes by evolving a process of repair. (b) RNA used to act as a genetic material as well as a catalyst (c) Essential life processes such as metabolism, translation, splicing, etc., evolved around RNA.
Which organism was first used by Meselson and Stahl to provide proof for semi-conservative mode of replication?
DNA has evolved from RNA with chemical modifications
Which organism did Taylor and colleagues use to prove semiconservative replication in eukaryotes?
Identify the correct statements with respect to Meselson and Stahl experiments.
Choose the incorrect combination with respect to Codon and the amino acid it specifies.
Average rate of polymerisation of DNA by DNA polymerase is approximately:
During replication of DNA, deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates serve dual purposes because
What is the main enzyme involved in DNA replication?
Statement A: True replication of DNA is possible due to complementary base pairing rule. Statement B: The substance that acts as a connecting link between two generations is DNA.
A typical nucleosome contains
The function of single strand binding proteins during DNA replication is:
If the non-coding strand of DNA is 3â-ATTTGGAACCTT-5â. Then the sequence on the RNA strand would be:
Which region of the transcription unit is located towards 3′ -end (downstream) of the coding strand?
Split genes are generally found in: (a) E.coli (b) Homo sapiens (c) Mangifera indica (d) Clostridium tetani
Identify the correct statements (a) There are at least three RNA polymerases in the nucleus of eukaryotes. (b) Single DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyses transcription of all types of RNA in bacteria. (c) RNA polymerase is also found in the eukaryotic cell organelles.
Match column I with column II Column I Column II (a) RNA polymerase I (i) hn RNA (b) RNA polymerase II (ii) t RNA (c) RNA polymerase III (iii) 28S rRNA (d) Helicase (iv) Opening of DNA double helix
During capping
Match column I with Column II Column I Column II (a) Spliceosomes (i) Contains both exons and introns (b) cDNA (ii) Synthesized from RNA (c) Guanylyl transferase (iii) Helps in splicing of RNA (d) hn RNA (iv) Helps in capping
Which synthetic polynucleotide chain (RNA) did Nirenberg and Matthaei used for deciphering the genetic code?
Which enzyme was helpful in polymerising RNA with defined sequences in a template independent manner while proving the triplet nature of codon?
What is meant by codon degeneracy?
Which codon has dual function?
A sequence of mRNA is given as AUG GUG GAG UUU UUG. Find the sequence of amino acid that would be present in the polypeptide chain.
A classical example of point mutation is:
In a 250 amino acid sequence if the codon for the 56th amino acid is mutated to UGA, then
The presence of non-sense codon in the translated region of mRNA,
Identify the correct statement
The main function of the enzyme permease in lac operon is:
Identify the correct sequence of folding and super-folding of basic chromatin component to generate eukaryotic chromosome.
What was the need for a blender in Hershey and Chase experiment?
Match column I with Column II Column I Column II (a) Spliceosomes (i) Contains both exons and introns (b) cDNA (ii) Synthesized from RNA (c) Guanylyl transferase (iii) Helps in splicing of RNA (d) hn RNA (iv) Helps in capping
The acceptor arm of tRNA
Which of the following statement is true for tRNA? (a) Adapter molecule (b) sRNA (c) Catalytic RNA
The order and sequence of amino acids during translation are defined by
RNA is the genetic material for
The 1st amino acid incorporated in prokaryotes during translation is
Which enzyme helps in peptide bond formation between two amino acids during translation?
Termination of translation requires
In eukaryotes, the regulation of gene expression could be exerted at (a) transcriptional level (b) processing level (c) transport of mRNA from nucleus to the cytoplasm
Lactose undergoes hydrolysis to form:
If E. coli having heavy DNA was allowed to grow for 80 minutes on a medium containing 14 NH 4 Cl then what would be the proportions of light and hybrid densities DNA molecule?
An E.coli cell containing hybrid DNA was placed in a medium containing heavy nitrogen ( 15 N). Calculate the percentage of heavy, light and hybrid DNA after 2 generations in the same medium ( 15 N).
What happens when allolactose is present in the medium and carbon source like glucose is missing in the medium?
How many of the following statements are true w.r.t. Lac operon? (a) In the presence of an inducer, the repressor is inactivated by interaction with the inducer. (b) Inducer may be lactose or allolactose in lac operon (c) RNA polymerase cannot access the promoter in the presence of inducer.
If in the medium both glucose and lactose are present in same concentration, then:
Match column I with Column II Column I Column II (a) Taylor (i) E.coli (b) Meselson and Stahl (ii) Pisum sativum (c) Thomas Hunt Morgan (iii) Vicia faba (d) Mendel (iv) Drosophila
DNA replication is:
During transcription both the strands of DNA are not copied because (a) One segment of the DNA would be coding for two different proteins (b) It would complicate the genetic information transfer machinery (c) It would prevent RNA from being translated into protein
Identify the correct statement with respect to genetic code.
What is the direction of reading the template DNA strand and direction of RNA synthesis during transcription?
Identify the incorrect statement regarding genetic code.
The difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA replication is
Sickle cell anemia is an example for
Identify the similarity between replication and transcription in E.coli.
The most abundant cellular RNA is
Identify the correct sequence of events in transcription.
Main function of tRNA is to
Identify the correct statement.
Split genes were discovered by:
RNA polymerase III in eukaryotes is responsible for the synthesis of:
The hn RNA is transcribed by:
Identify the correct statement:
If the codon ACC for the amino acid P is changed to ACA which codes for the amino acid Q, then P and Q are respectively
Which one of the following is an incorrect statement?
Choose the correct statement with respect to DNA replication.
In the chromatin of eukaryotes,
Observe the following codons and choose the one that is neither present immediately after UTR of 5′ end nor prior to UTR of 3′ end of mRNA .
In lac operon, the gene ‘i’ codes for
Which of the following is a constitutive gene of lac operon?
During the formation of RNA, the adenosine complements form base pair with
The ability of the two separated strands of DNA to come together when appropriate conditions are provided is called as
Which one of the following is not the feature of a biomolecule to act as genetic material?
Core of nucleosome is made up of:
Select the incorrect match:
Okazaki fragments are formed by the strand of DNA, which is :
Biochemical nature of transforming principle was shown as DNA by
All of the following are post transcriptional modification except:
One of the following RNAs is not involved in protein synthesis.
Genetic code was first cracked by
Identify the correct match:
Find the incorrect statement.
R strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae differs with S strain in
Which one of the following enzymes is bound to the promoter region of monocistronic structural gene of eukaryotes at the time of transcription?
A mRNA has the sequence of nucleotides in its translated region from 5′ to 3′ as AUGGGACGAUGGUGA. Due to mutation, if the 7th base Cytosine is replaced by Uracil, what are the amino acids present in a sequence in the formed oligopeptide.?
In lac operon, the product of ‘i’ gene binds to the operator
There is no tRNA for codon which has sequence
Choose the correct option considering the statements. Statement A: Packaging of chromatin at higher level requires additional set of proteins that are collectively referred to as non-histone chromosomal proteins. Statement B. Heterochromatin is transcriptionally active.
Fill in the following blanks: There is a total of A different possible codons, among them B specify amino acids and C codons do not specify any amino acid.
Har Gobind Khorana also contributed to genetic engineering by synthesising
Which one of the following pairs of codons in correctly matched with their function of the signal for the particular amino acid?
The polarity of the DNA strands from a to b and from c to d shown during replicating shown in the figure below would be:
From the options, find out the unequivocal proof that DNA is the genetic material came from the experiment that utilised
Gene regulation governing lactose operon of E.coli that involves the lac I gene product is
A given double stranded DNA molecule is 1,00,000 base pairs long. The length of this DNA molecule will be
The (a) provides the template, (b) brings amino acids and reads the genetic code, and (c) play structural and catalytic role during translation.
Select the correct statement regarding Okazaki fragments formed during DNA replication.
In the Avery, MacLoed, and McCarty experiment, which of the following enzyme did not affect the process of transformation?
In negative operon
In a given DNA segment, ATG ACC AGG ACC CCA ACA, the first base gets mutated. The effect of this on coding by this DNA segment will result in
Gene controls
Genetically active area of chromosome is called
A molecule that can act as a genetic material must fulfill the traits given below, except
Fill in the blank: The unequivocal proof that DNA is the genetic material came from the experiment of
The packaging of chromatin at a higher level requires an additional set of proteins that are collectively referred to as
Which of the following feature makes the RNA chemically more reactive and structurally less stable nucleic acid than DNA?
In the diagram, a nucleosome is given. Select the option with correct identification.
During performing the Meselson and Stahl’s experiments, 15 N was distinguished by 14 N by
The gene which codes for an enzyme is called
Which of the following mRNA will get translated completely?
Choose the correct statement about DNA packaging from the following.
Taylor and his colleagues proved the sem-conservative model of replication of DNA by performing experiments on
In which of the following case, mice will remain alive in Griffith’s transforming experiments?
‘X’ is physiologically and biologically active form of DNA. The pitch of its helix is 34 with a distance between two adjacent base pair of about 3.4 . It shows right-hand coiling. Identify ‘X’.
Find out correct statement w.r.t DNA structure.
How many nucleosomes are present in Escherichia coli if its DNA has 4.6 × 10 6 bp?
The adapter molecule shows following features, except
In eukaryotes, the regulation of gene expression occurs at all the given below level, except
The lac operator is present only in lac operon and it interacts specifically with . A. lac repressor B. Val operon C. Trp repressor D. lac inducer E. Co-repressor inducer complex Choose the correct fill in the blank given above.
Mark the mis-matched pair.
Polynucleotide phosphorylase enzyme is involved in
Choose the correct match. Column I Column II a. AUG (i) Tyrosine b. UAG (ii) Start codon c. UAU (iii) Stop codon d. UGG (iv) Tryptophan a b c d 1. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 2. (ii) (iii) (iv) (i) 3. (i) (iii) (ii) (iv) 4. (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)
If the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is 5′ AUG UUU AGG UUC GUG 3′, predict the sequence of amino acid coded by it.
How many amino acids will be coded by the mRNA sequences –5′ AUGCCCUCAUGAUCAAUG 3′ if 14 th nucleotide is replaced by adenylic acid residue?
How many different types of RNA polymerases are involved in synthesis of all rRNA of 80S ribosome?
Study the given below diagram. Find out the incorrect statement.
Virus-mediated transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another is called
Which of the following step of translation does not consume a high energy phosphate bonds?
Which one is common between RNA and DNA?
Which enzyme is responsible for transcription of adapter molecule in eukaryotes?
How many of the following statements are true? (i) 6 turns of B-DNA has 120 nucleotides. (ii) In prokaryotes, gene regulation generally occurs at transcriptional level. (iii) Operon concept was given by Jacob and Monod while working on yeast. (iv) The enzyme required for peptide chain synthesis is a ribozyme in bacteria and lies in 50S subunit. (v) A small segment of RNA synthesized during replication of DNA is “Okazaki segment”.
Read the following statements. a. The coding sequences or expressed sequences are defined as exons. b. Introns or intervening sequences do not appear in mature or processed mRNA.
Read the following statements. a. The UTRs are present at both 5′-end (after start codon) and at 3′-end (before stop codon). b. In translation, the ribosome moves from codon to codon along the mRNA.
Which stage of transcription is occurring in given below diagram?
Out of 64 codons, 61 codons code for 20 types of amino acid. This characteristics of genetic code is called
Which of the following is not a criteria for genetic material?
Which of the following codon codes for methionine and it also acts as initiator codon?
Sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is similar to which strand of DNA, except uracil in place of thymine?
Read the given below statements. A. DNA dependent RNA polymerase catalyse the polymerisation in only one direction, that is, 5′ 3′. B. In eukaryotes, the replication of DNA takes place at M-phase of the cell cycle. C. The DNA dependent DNA polymerases can initiate the process of replication. D. Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates serve dual purposes. In addition to acting as substrates, they provide energy for polymerisation reaction during DNA replication. Choose the incorrect statements.
During protein synthesis which of the following is TRUE?
In which of the following will DNA melt at the lowest temperature?
Production of human protein in bacteria by genetic engineering is possible because
In the given diagram of the chemical structure of DNA, identify the type of bonding shown by A, B and C.
In some viruses, the flow of information is in reverse direction, i.e. from RNA to DNA. Can you suggest a simple name to the process?
DNA polymerase is
Polynucleotide phosphorylase enzymes are also called
The genetic codes of arginine are
In bacteria, transcription and translation takes place in the same compartment. Why? a. No separation of cytosol and nucleus b. mRNA does not require any processing to become active c. Due to presence of nucleus
How many codons codes for amino acids?
Codons are non-ambiguous, which means that one codon codes for
Number of regulatory and structural genes present in lac operon are
Replication occurs within the small opening of DNA helix referred to as
Why both the strands of DNA are not copied during transcription?
What happens in the tailing process of transcription?
The codon AUG codes for (in eukaryotes)
Spliceosomes are not found in cells of
Fully processed hnRNA to undergo translation is called
Name the nucleotide added to 5′ end of hnRNA in capping.
Choose the incorrect option for tRNA molecule.
Positively regulatory proteins are called
The process of polymerisation of amino acids to form a polypeptide is
In order to code for all the 20 amino acids, the code should be made up of three nucleotides. This statement was suggested by
Lactose is a substrate for
To, which of the following, repressor protein is attached?
In E. coli , the lac operon gets switched on when