Table of Contents
What is a Lyase?
A lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a functional group from a molecule. Lyases can be found in many different metabolic pathways and can be used to break down complex molecules into smaller, more manageable pieces. Chemistry lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a molecule of carbon dioxide into two molecules of carbon monoxide. This reaction is used in the industrial production of acetic acid, a precursor to vinyl chloride, a common ingredient in plastics.
Nomenclature
Nomenclature is a system of naming things. In chemistry, there are strict rules for how to name compounds. The name of a compound is made up of two parts: the root and the suffix. The root is the name of the element that is the main part of the compound. The suffix is a letter or letters that indicate the type of compound.
Examples of Lyase
enzymes
Lyases are enzymes that catalyze the removal of a group from a molecule. There are many different types of lyases, but they all share the same basic mechanism. The group that is removed can be a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom.
One example of a lyase is the enzyme carbon-carbon lyase. This enzyme catalyzes the removal of a carbon atom from a molecule. Another example is the enzyme nitrogen-nitrogen lyase. This enzyme catalyzes the removal of a nitrogen atom from a molecule.
Classification
of the four broad types of muscle tissue
There are four types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, smooth, and striated.
Skeletal muscle tissue is the type of muscle tissue that is responsible for voluntary movements. This type of muscle is found in the muscles of the body that we can control, such as the biceps and triceps.
Cardiac muscle tissue is the type of muscle tissue that is responsible for the beating of the heart. This type of muscle is found only in the heart.
Smooth muscle tissue is the type of muscle tissue that is responsible for involuntary movements. This type of muscle is found in the muscles of the stomach and intestines.
Striated muscle tissue is the type of muscle tissue that is responsible for the movement of food through the digestive system. This type of muscle is found in the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
Example of Lyases in Each Category
Aldehyde dehydrogenase: converting aldehydes to acetic acid
Carboxylic acid dehydrogenase: converting carboxylic acids to carbon dioxide and water
Aminotransferase: converting amines to amides
Epimerase: converting one epimer to another
Isomerase: converting one molecule into another of the same kind
Lactate dehydrogenase: converting lactate to pyruvate
Substrate Specificity
The enzyme is specific for the substrates 3-deoxy-3-methylglucosone and 3-deoxy-3-methylglucuronate.
Co-factor Requirements
No co-factor requirements.
Lyase Deficiency Disorder
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) lyase deficiency is a rare disorder that affects the body’s ability to break down fats. This results in the accumulation of a compound called ketones in the blood and urine. Symptoms of ketoacidosis, a life-threatening condition, may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, excessive thirst, and rapid breathing.
