List out the major air pollution and describe their effects on human beings ?

Solution:

Major air pollutants include CO, CO₂, SO₂, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, etc.
1. Carbon monoxide (CO):
Source:

• Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels in automobiles
• Fumes from factories
• Forest fires

Effects:

• Haemoglobin has greater affinity for CO. It competitively interferes with oxygen transport by binding to haemoglobin which forms carboxy haemoglobin.
• In higher concentration, it leads to coma and death

2. Carbon dioxide (CO₂): 

Source:

• Rapid urbanisation
• Automobiles
• Aero planes
• Power plants 

Effects:

• It is the main pollutant that is leading to global warming.
   

3. Sulphur dioxide (SO₂):
Source:

• It is produced by burning of fossil fuel.
• Melting of sulphur ores

Effects:

• SO₂, nitrogen oxides are the major causes of acid rain.
• High concentration of can result in breathing problems.
• Exacerbates existing cardiovascular problems.
   

4. Nitrogen oxides:

Sources: 

Mainly auto mobile exhausts.

Effects:

• It is harmful to humans and animals and also for life of plants.
• Nitrogen oxides on plants cause necrotic spots on leaves.

5. Particulate matter: Tiny particles of solid matter suspended in a gas or liquid constitute the particulate matter. Aerosols are a combination of particles or liquid droplets and the gas.

Sources:

• Combustion of fossil fuels 
• Forest fires 
• Cement factories

Effects:

• Inhalation of particulate matter can lead to respiratory tract infections.
• Lung disorders
• Premature deaths in severe cases