{"id":1032,"date":"2021-12-17T16:15:19","date_gmt":"2021-12-17T10:45:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/?p=1032"},"modified":"2025-07-31T17:44:01","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T12:14:01","slug":"ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-chapter-5-principles-of-inheritance-and-variation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-5-principles-of-inheritance-and-variation\/","title":{"rendered":"NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 5 &#8211; Principles of Inheritance and Variation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_37 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' style='display:block'><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-5-principles-of-inheritance-and-variation\/#NCERT_Solutions_for_Class_12_Biology_Chapter_5_-_Principles_of_Inheritance_and_Variation\" title=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 5 \u2013 Principles of Inheritance and Variation\">NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 5 \u2013 Principles of Inheritance and Variation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-5-principles-of-inheritance-and-variation\/#Principle_of_Inheritance_And_Variation_NCERT_PDF\" title=\"Principle of Inheritance And Variation NCERT PDF\">Principle of Inheritance And Variation NCERT PDF<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-5-principles-of-inheritance-and-variation\/#Key_Features_of_Principles_of_Inheritance_And_Variation_Class_12_NCERT_Solutions\" title=\"Key Features of Principles of Inheritance And Variation Class 12 NCERT Solutions\">Key Features of Principles of Inheritance And Variation Class 12 NCERT Solutions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-5-principles-of-inheritance-and-variation\/#NCERT_Solutions_for_Class_12_Biology_Chapter-wise\" title=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter-wise\">NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter-wise<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-5-principles-of-inheritance-and-variation\/#More_Resources_for_Class_12\" title=\"More Resources for Class 12\">More Resources for Class 12<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-5-principles-of-inheritance-and-variation\/#Principles_0f_Inheritance_And_Variation_biology_class_12_chapter_5_FAQs\" title=\"Principles 0f Inheritance And Variation biology class 12 chapter 5  FAQs\">Principles 0f Inheritance And Variation biology class 12 chapter 5  FAQs<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-5-principles-of-inheritance-and-variation\/#Why_should_I_refer_to_the_NCERT_Solutions_for_biology_class_12_chapter_5\" title=\"Why should I refer to the NCERT Solutions for biology class 12 chapter 5?\">Why should I refer to the NCERT Solutions for biology class 12 chapter 5?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-5-principles-of-inheritance-and-variation\/#What_are_the_concepts_covered_in_principles_of_inheritance_and_variation_Chapter_5_of_NCERT_Solutions_for_Class_12_Biology\" title=\"What are the concepts covered in principles of inheritance and variation Chapter 5 of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology?\">What are the concepts covered in principles of inheritance and variation Chapter 5 of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-5-principles-of-inheritance-and-variation\/#Explain_the_topic_of_the_Law_of_Dominance_using_a_monohybrid_cross_covered_in_chapter_5_biology_class_12_ncert_solutions\" title=\"Explain the topic of the Law of Dominance using a monohybrid cross covered in chapter 5 biology class 12 ncert solutions.\">Explain the topic of the Law of Dominance using a monohybrid cross covered in chapter 5 biology class 12 ncert solutions.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>Access principles of inheritance and variation NCERT Solutions here. Infinity Learn offers downloadable chapter-wise NCERT solutions, ensuring hassle-free access for students anytime, anywhere. Prepared as per the <a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/cbse\/cbse-syllabus\/\"><strong>CBSE Syllabus 2024-25<\/strong><\/a>, these expert-framed solutions are the ideal academic aid for CBSE students.<\/p>\n<p>These <strong>chapter 5 <a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/\">biology class 12 NCERT Solutions<\/a><\/strong> principles of inheritance and variation aid in concept comprehension and revision. To excel in board exams, meticulous planning and thorough preparation are crucial. Equally important is mastering the answering technique, often overlooked. With biology class 12 chapter 5, students can grasp this technique effectively, leading to better marks.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NCERT_Solutions_for_Class_12_Biology_Chapter_5_-_Principles_of_Inheritance_and_Variation\"><\/span>NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 5 \u2013 Principles of Inheritance and Variation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NCERT Solutions<\/a><\/strong> for this chapter comes under the Unit \u2013 Genetics, and Evolution. As per recent trends, one can easily deduce that the Unit carries close to 18 marks. This means Unit makes up for approximately 25% of questions appearing in the question paper. <span data-contrast=\"auto\">Practicing questions and understanding all the concepts from all the chapters coming under this unit will help students to perform well in the exams.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-exemplar-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/\">NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Biology<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Genetics deals with the variation and heredity of inherited features or characteristics. Its study and the variation exhibited by species help to know the process of evolution and help to explain the differences in characteristics.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Principle_of_Inheritance_And_Variation_NCERT_PDF\"><\/span>Principle of Inheritance And Variation NCERT PDF<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Student can also access and download principle of inheritance and variation pdf given below- \n\t\t<div class=\"download-pdf-container\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"title\">Do you need help with your Homework? 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href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Biology_class-12_Chapter-5.pdf\" class=\"pdfemb-viewer\" style=\"\" data-width=\"max\" data-height=\"max\" data-mobile-width=\"0\"  data-scrollbar=\"both\" data-download=\"off\" data-tracking=\"on\" data-newwindow=\"on\" data-pagetextbox=\"off\" data-scrolltotop=\"on\" data-startzoom=\"100\" data-startfpzoom=\"100\" data-toolbar=\"top\" data-toolbar-fixed=\"on\">Biology_class 12_Chapter 5<br\/><\/a>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Features_of_Principles_of_Inheritance_And_Variation_Class_12_NCERT_Solutions\"><\/span>Key Features of Principles of Inheritance And Variation Class 12 NCERT Solutions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The content which is provided is simple to understand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The answers are made by subject experts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">It improves the conceptual knowledge of the students.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">NCERT Solutions can be used for competitive exams also.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Use of a well-labeled diagram wherever needed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Solutions are made with in keeping in mind about the term \u2013 I CBSE Syllabus.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NCERT_Solutions_for_Class_12_Biology_Chapter-wise\"><\/span>NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter-wise<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-1-reproduction-in-organisms\/\"><strong>Chapter 1 \u2013 Reproduction in Organisms<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-2-sexual-reproduction-in-flowering-plants\/\"><strong>Chapter 2 \u2013 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Chapter 3 \u2013 Human Reproduction<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-4-reproductive-health\/\">Chapter 4 \u2013 Reproductive Health<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Chapter 5 \u2013 Principles of Inheritance and Variation<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-6-molecular-basis-of-inheritance\/\">Chapter 6 \u2013 Molecular Basis of Inheritance<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-7-evolution\/\">Chapter 7 \u2013 Evolution<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-8-human-health-and-diseases\/\">Chapter 8 \u2013 Human Health and Diseases<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-9-strategies-for-enhancement-in-food-production\/\">Chapter 9 \u2013 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-10-microbes-in-human-welfare\/\">Chapter 10 \u2013 Microbes in Human Welfare<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-11-biotechnology-principles-and-processes\/\">Chapter 11 \u2013 Biotechnology Principles and Processes<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-12-biotechnology-and-its-application\/\">Chapter 12 \u2013 Biotechnology: and its Application<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-13-organisms-populations\/\">Chapter 13 \u2013 Organisms and Populations<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-14-ecosystem\/\">Chapter 14 \u2013 Ecosystem<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-15-biodiversity-and-its-conservation\/\">Chapter 15 \u2013 Biodiversity and Conservation<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-16-environmental-issues\/\">Chapter 16 \u2013 Environmental Issues<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"More_Resources_for_Class_12\"><\/span>More Resources for Class 12<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/physics\/\"><strong>NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/chemistry\/\"><strong>NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/maths\/\"><strong>NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Principles 0f Inheritance And Variation biology class 12 chapter 5  FAQs<\/h2>\n\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_should_I_refer_to_the_NCERT_Solutions_for_biology_class_12_chapter_5\"><\/span>Why should I refer to the NCERT Solutions for biology class 12 chapter 5?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNCERT Solutions are designed, keeping in mind the chapter-wise marks distribution according to the CBSE blueprint. Detailed solutions facilitate efficient understanding of concepts. Step-by-step explanations are offered for numerical problems within the chapter. The use of simple language aims to enhance students' confidence. Pictorial representations are included when necessary to aid in concept comprehension.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_concepts_covered_in_principles_of_inheritance_and_variation_Chapter_5_of_NCERT_Solutions_for_Class_12_Biology\"><\/span>What are the concepts covered in principles of inheritance and variation Chapter 5 of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe concepts covered in principles of inheritance and variation ncert solutions for Class 12 Biology are- Inheritance of One Gene,Mendel\u2019s Laws of Inheritance, Inheritance of Two Genes, Sex Determination, Mutation and Genetic Disorders.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Explain_the_topic_of_the_Law_of_Dominance_using_a_monohybrid_cross_covered_in_chapter_5_biology_class_12_ncert_solutions\"><\/span>Explain the topic of the Law of Dominance using a monohybrid cross covered in chapter 5 biology class 12 ncert solutions.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMendel introduced the concept of the Law of Dominance through a monohybrid cross in this chapter. According to this law, a dominant allele prevails over a recessive allele in a monohybrid cross, suppressing its expression. However, the recessive allele persists in the F1 generation, concealing its presence until it reappears in the subsequent generation.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n\t{\n\t\t\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n\t\t\"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n\t\t\"mainEntity\": [\n\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"Why should I refer to the NCERT Solutions for biology class 12 chapter 5?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"NCERT Solutions are designed, keeping in mind the chapter-wise marks distribution according to the CBSE blueprint. Detailed solutions facilitate efficient understanding of concepts. Step-by-step explanations are offered for numerical problems within the chapter. The use of simple language aims to enhance students' confidence. Pictorial representations are included when necessary to aid in concept comprehension.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"What are the concepts covered in principles of inheritance and variation Chapter 5 of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"The concepts covered in principles of inheritance and variation ncert solutions for Class 12 Biology are- Inheritance of One Gene,Mendel\u2019s Laws of Inheritance, Inheritance of Two Genes, Sex Determination, Mutation and Genetic Disorders.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"Explain the topic of the Law of Dominance using a monohybrid cross covered in chapter 5 biology class 12 ncert solutions.\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"Mendel introduced the concept of the Law of Dominance through a monohybrid cross in this chapter. According to this law, a dominant allele prevails over a recessive allele in a monohybrid cross, suppressing its expression. However, the recessive allele persists in the F1 generation, concealing its presence until it reappears in the subsequent generation.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t]\n\t}\n<\/script>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Access principles of inheritance and variation NCERT Solutions here. Infinity Learn offers downloadable chapter-wise NCERT solutions, ensuring hassle-free access for [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"principles of inheritance and variation class 12","_yoast_wpseo_title":"NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Chapter 5 Updated (2024-25) | IL","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Students can access and download principles of inheritance and variation NCERT solutions solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT at Infinity Learn","custom_permalink":"study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-5-principles-of-inheritance-and-variation\/"},"categories":[19,30],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Chapter 5 Updated (2024-25) | 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