{"id":147489,"date":"2022-03-20T04:44:07","date_gmt":"2022-03-19T23:14:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/what-is-pollination-meaning-agents-advantages-and-disadvantages\/"},"modified":"2025-05-16T12:01:31","modified_gmt":"2025-05-16T06:31:31","slug":"what-is-pollination-meaning-agents-advantages-and-disadvantages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biology\/pollination\/","title":{"rendered":"Pollination"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_37 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' style='display:block'><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biology\/pollination\/#What_is_Pollination\" title=\"What is Pollination?\">What is Pollination?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biology\/pollination\/#Process_of_Pollination\" title=\"Process of Pollination\">Process of Pollination<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biology\/pollination\/#Types_of_Pollination\" title=\"Types of Pollination\">Types of Pollination<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biology\/pollination\/#Self_Pollination\" title=\"Self Pollination\">Self Pollination<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biology\/pollination\/#Advantages_of_Self-Pollination\" title=\"Advantages of Self-Pollination\">Advantages of Self-Pollination<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biology\/pollination\/#Disadvantages_of_Self_Pollination\" title=\"Disadvantages of Self Pollination\">Disadvantages of Self Pollination<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biology\/pollination\/#Cross-Pollination\" title=\"Cross-Pollination\">Cross-Pollination<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biology\/pollination\/#Types_of_Cross-Pollination\" title=\"Types of Cross-Pollination\">Types of Cross-Pollination<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biology\/pollination\/#Advantages_and_disadvantages_of_Cross_Pollination\" title=\"Advantages and disadvantages of Cross Pollination\">Advantages and disadvantages of Cross Pollination<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biology\/pollination\/#Difference_between_Self_Pollination_and_Cross_Pollination\" title=\"Difference between Self Pollination and Cross Pollination\">Difference between Self Pollination and Cross Pollination<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biology\/pollination\/#Similarities_between_Self_Pollination_and_Cross_Pollination\" title=\"Similarities between Self Pollination and Cross Pollination\">Similarities between Self Pollination and Cross Pollination<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biology\/pollination\/#FAQs_on_Pollination\" title=\"FAQs on Pollination\">FAQs on Pollination<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biology\/pollination\/#Define_pollinators\" title=\"Define pollinators?\">Define pollinators?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biology\/pollination\/#Write_any_two_advantages_of_Self-pollination\" title=\"Write any two advantages of Self-pollination?\">Write any two advantages of Self-pollination?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biology\/pollination\/#What_are_the_two_main_types_of_Pollination\" title=\"What are the two main types of Pollination?\">What are the two main types of Pollination?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><strong>Pollination<\/strong> refers to the fertilization and development of seeds. Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma of a flower. The transfer can take place within the flower or between two flowers. Anther is the male part of a plant and stigma is the female part of a plant. Agents that carry pollen grains are wind, water, insects, animals, etc. Some plants can self-pollinate. They don&#8217;t require any agents.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Pollination\"><\/span>What is Pollination?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Pollination <\/strong>is defined as the transfer of pollen grains from the male part of a flower, stigma to the female part, anther of the same or on different flowers. It results in fertilization as well as the production of seeds. Pollination is successful only if pollen grains are transferred from the same species of flower.<\/p>\n<p>These pollen grains are carried out by biotic or abiotic agents such as wind, water, insects, animals, birds, etc. These agents are known as <strong>Pollinators<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Process_of_Pollination\"><\/span>Process of Pollination<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The first step of Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains to the stigma of a plant.<\/li>\n<li>A pollen tube with style length is formed, connecting the stigma and ovary.<\/li>\n<li>After the formation of a pollen tube, pollen grains transmit sperm to the ovary.<\/li>\n<li>The fertilisation process will start when the sperm cell reaches the ovary.<\/li>\n<li>The parent will release a seed and will grow into a plant.<\/li>\n<li>This reproductive cycle will be continued by using pollination methods.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Pollination\"><\/span><strong>Types of Pollination<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Pollination are of two types:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Self Pollination<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Cross-Pollination<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Self_Pollination\"><\/span>Self Pollination<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Self Pollination<\/strong> is a primary pollination as a single flower is required in this. Self-pollination takes place when pollen grains are transferred from anther to the stigma of the same flower.<\/p>\n<p>This method is smooth. Self-pollination decreases genetic diversity as both sperm and egg cells share genetic information.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages_of_Self-Pollination\"><\/span>Advantages of Self-Pollination<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>In Self Pollination, pollen grains are wasted less in comparison to Cross-Pollination.<\/li>\n<li>Purity is maintained in Self-pollination as there is no diversity in genes.<\/li>\n<li>No external factors are involved in Self-pollination.<\/li>\n<li>In Self Pollination, the quantity of pollen grains becomes less, resulting in a successful Pollination process.<\/li>\n<li>This Pollination confirms that recessive characters are extracted.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Disadvantages_of_Self_Pollination\"><\/span>Disadvantages of Self Pollination<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>There is a reduction of vigour and vitality of the race.<\/li>\n<li>There is a reduction of immunity to disease among the resultant offspring.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cross-Pollination\"><\/span>Cross-Pollination<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The process of transfer of pollen grains from the anther of the flower to the stigma of another flower is known as Cross-Pollination. In Cross Pollination, different flowers combine and share genetic information and unique offspring are made. Therefore, genetic diversity is increased.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Cross-Pollination\"><\/span>Types of Cross-Pollination<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Cross Pollination requires help of biotic and abiotic agents like animal, birds, wind and many other agents.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Pollination by Animals &#8211; Zoophily<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Animals play an important role in reproduction of plants as they help in seed dispersal. Animals move to different places to eat fruits of plants. This movement helps in dispersal of seeds from one place to another to create new plants.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Pollination by Wind: Anemophily<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This Pollination is carried by those flowers only if plants lack flowers with nectar. In anemophilous flowers, male parts produce a very large quantity of pollen grains and the female part is very large, sticky and feathery. Palm, maize, coconut are some examples of wind pollinated plants.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Artificial Pollination: Anthropophily<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This Pollination is done by humans. Artificial Pollination is done, if there are problems in Pollination by biotic and abiotic agents. In this process, pollen grains are spread over the female flowers. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biology\/hybridization-in-plants\/\">Hybridization<\/a><\/strong> method is used in Artificial Pollination.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages_and_disadvantages_of_Cross_Pollination\"><\/span>Advantages and disadvantages of Cross Pollination<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Advantages<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>With the help of Cross Pollination, reproduction can be done by unisexual plants.<\/li>\n<li>Cross Pollination increases the immunity level of baby plants.<\/li>\n<li>Quality of seeds are good in vigour and vitality.<\/li>\n<li>New genes are generated by cross pollination as the fertilization is between genetically different gametes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Disadvantages<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pollen grains are wasted in large quantities.<\/li>\n<li>During genetic recombination, good qualities may be removed and unwanted features may be added to the new generation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Difference_between_Self_Pollination_and_Cross_Pollination\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biology\/difference-between-cross-pollination-and-self-pollination\/\">Difference between Self Pollination and Cross Pollination<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n<table class=\"table table-bordered table-striped\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #89cff0; color: black;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Self Pollination <\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Cross Pollination <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Self-pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower.<\/td>\n<td>Cross Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of different flowers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Self-pollination takes place in the same flower or different flower of the same plant.<\/td>\n<td>Cross Pollination takes place between two flowers of different plants.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pollen grains are directly transferred to stigma.<\/td>\n<td>Pollen grains are carried by wind, insects, animals etc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>In self-pollination, a limited number of pollen are transferred.<\/td>\n<td>In cross pollination, large numbers of pollen are transferred.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Genetic uniformity is increased in self pollination.<\/td>\n<td>Genetic uniformity is decreased in cross pollination.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Genetic variation is decreased.<\/td>\n<td>Genetic variation is increased.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Self Pollination can occur even in the closed flower.<\/td>\n<td>Cross Pollination occurs only when the flower is open.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Self Pollination takes place in sunflowers, peas, peanuts etc.<\/td>\n<td>Cross Pollination takes place in plums, tulips, strawberries etc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Similarities_between_Self_Pollination_and_Cross_Pollination\"><\/span>Similarities between Self Pollination and Cross Pollination<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The germination takes place in stigma in both the pollinations.<\/li>\n<li>Pollen grains are transferred from anther to stigma in both pollinations.<\/li>\n<li>In Self Pollination and Cross Pollination, male nuclei of the germ cell fertilise female ovules and develop into embryos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs_on_Pollination\"><\/span>FAQs on Pollination<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Define_pollinators\"><\/span>Define pollinators?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAgents that move pollen grains from one plant to another are called pollinators. These can be wind, air, animals, water etc.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Write_any_two_advantages_of_Self-pollination\"><\/span>Write any two advantages of Self-pollination?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThere is no wastage of pollen grains in self-pollination. Purity is retained in self-pollination. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_two_main_types_of_Pollination\"><\/span>What are the two main types of Pollination?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSelf Pollination and Cross Pollination\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n\t{\n\t\t\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n\t\t\"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n\t\t\"mainEntity\": [\n\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"Define pollinators?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"Agents that move pollen grains from one plant to another are called pollinators. 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Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from anther to the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Pollination","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Pollination: Process, Types, Self Pollination, Cross Pollination, Advantages & Disadvantages","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Pollination is defined as the transfer of pollen grains from the male part of a flower, stigma to the female part, anther of the same or on different flowers.","custom_permalink":"biology\/pollination\/"},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Pollination: Process, Types, Self Pollination, Cross Pollination, Advantages &amp; Disadvantages<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pollination is defined as the transfer of pollen 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