{"id":149560,"date":"2022-03-21T10:29:50","date_gmt":"2022-03-21T04:59:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene-explanation-and-examples\/"},"modified":"2022-04-01T20:48:30","modified_gmt":"2022-04-01T15:18:30","slug":"electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene-explanation-and-examples","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/","title":{"rendered":"Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene \u2013 Explanation and Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_37 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' style='display:block'><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/#What_is_an_Electrophilic_Substitution_Reaction\" title=\"What is an Electrophilic Substitution Reaction?\">What is an Electrophilic Substitution Reaction?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/#An_Overview_of_the_Electrophilic_Substitution_of_Benzene\" title=\"An Overview of the Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene\">An Overview of the Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/#What_is_the_Electrophilic_Substitution_Reaction_of_Benzene\" title=\"What is the Electrophilic Substitution Reaction of Benzene?\">What is the Electrophilic Substitution Reaction of Benzene?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/#General_Mechanism_of_the_Electrophilic_Substitution_Reaction_of_Benzene\" title=\"General Mechanism of the Electrophilic Substitution Reaction of Benzene?\">General Mechanism of the Electrophilic Substitution Reaction of Benzene?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/#Examples_of_Electrophilic_Substitution_Reaction\" title=\"Examples of Electrophilic Substitution Reaction\">Examples of Electrophilic Substitution Reaction<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_an_Electrophilic_Substitution_Reaction\"><\/span>What is an Electrophilic Substitution Reaction?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>An electrophilic substitution reaction is a type of organic reaction in which an electron-rich molecule, usually a halogen, swaps places with another molecule&#8217;s electron-poor atom. This process creates a new, more stable molecule while releasing energy in the form of heat.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-149559 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene-explanation-and-examples.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"606\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene-explanation-and-examples.jpg?v=1647838787 606w, https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene-explanation-and-examples-300x212.jpg?v=1647838787 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 606px) 100vw, 606px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"An_Overview_of_the_Electrophilic_Substitution_of_Benzene\"><\/span>An Overview of the Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The electrophilic substitution of benzene is a type of organic reaction in which a carbon atom in a benzene molecule is replaced by another atom or group of atoms. The most common type of electrophilic substitution reaction is the attack of a molecule of hydrogen chloride (HCl) on an aromatic ring, a process known as halogenation.<\/p>\n<p>In the halogenation of benzene, a molecule of hydrogen chloride is added to the ring, and a molecule of chlorine is produced. The hydrogen chloride molecule attacks the carbon atom in the ring, and the chlorine molecule is attached to the carbon atom.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_Electrophilic_Substitution_Reaction_of_Benzene\"><\/span>What is the Electrophilic Substitution Reaction of Benzene?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Benzene is a six-carbon aromatic hydrocarbon. The electron-rich benzene molecule undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions with various electrophiles. In these reactions, a benzene molecule donates one electron to an electrophile, which in turn becomes negatively charged. The electrophile then attacks one of the carbon atoms in the benzene ring, displacing a hydrogen atom. This process forms a new covalent bond between the benzene ring and the electrophile, and a new molecule is created.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"General_Mechanism_of_the_Electrophilic_Substitution_Reaction_of_Benzene\"><\/span>General Mechanism of the Electrophilic Substitution Reaction of Benzene?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The electrophilic substitution reaction of benzene is a process by which an electron-rich molecule, such as benzene, exchanges an electron with an electron-poor molecule, such as a halogen. The electron-poor molecule becomes positively charged, or electrophilic, and the electron-rich molecule becomes negatively charged, or nucleophilic. The halogen then attacks the benzene molecule, and the two electrons from the benzene molecule are transferred to the halogen. This leaves the benzene molecule with a positive charge, and the halogen with a negative charge. The halogen then leaves the molecule, and the positive charge on the benzene molecule is neutralized by the negative charge on the halogen.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Examples_of_Electrophilic_Substitution_Reaction\"><\/span>Examples of Electrophilic Substitution Reaction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There are many types of electrophilic substitution reactions. Some of the most common ones are shown below.<\/p>\n<p>1. Sulfonation<\/p>\n<p>Sulfonation is the process of adding a sulfonate group to an organic molecule. The most common way to do this is by using sulfuric acid as the electrophile.<\/p>\n<p>2. Halogenation<\/p>\n<p>Halogenation is the process of adding a halogen atom to an organic molecule. The most common way to do this is by using fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine as the electrophile.<\/p>\n<p>3. Nitration<\/p>\n<p>Nitration is the process of adding a nitro group to an organic molecule. The most common way to do this is by using nitric acid as the electrophile.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is an Electrophilic Substitution Reaction? An electrophilic substitution reaction is a type of organic reaction in which an electron-rich [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene \u2013 Explanation and Examples","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Learn about Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene topic of Chemistry in details explained by subject experts on infinitylearn.com. Register free for online tutoring session to clear your doubts.","custom_permalink":"chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/"},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene \u2013 Explanation and Examples - Infinity Learn by Sri Chaitanya<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene topic of Chemistry in details explained by subject experts on infinitylearn.com. Register free for online tutoring session to clear your doubts.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene \u2013 Explanation and Examples - Infinity Learn by Sri Chaitanya\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn about Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene topic of Chemistry in details explained by subject experts on infinitylearn.com. Register free for online tutoring session to clear your doubts.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Infinity Learn by Sri Chaitanya\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/InfinityLearn.SriChaitanya\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-03-21T04:59:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-04-01T15:18:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene-explanation-and-examples.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@InfinityLearn_\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@InfinityLearn_\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"vipin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene \u2013 Explanation and Examples - Infinity Learn by Sri Chaitanya","description":"Learn about Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene topic of Chemistry in details explained by subject experts on infinitylearn.com. Register free for online tutoring session to clear your doubts.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene \u2013 Explanation and Examples - Infinity Learn by Sri Chaitanya","og_description":"Learn about Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene topic of Chemistry in details explained by subject experts on infinitylearn.com. Register free for online tutoring session to clear your doubts.","og_url":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/","og_site_name":"Infinity Learn by Sri Chaitanya","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/InfinityLearn.SriChaitanya\/","article_published_time":"2022-03-21T04:59:50+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-04-01T15:18:30+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene-explanation-and-examples.jpg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@InfinityLearn_","twitter_site":"@InfinityLearn_","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"vipin","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/#organization","name":"Infinity Learn","url":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/InfinityLearn.SriChaitanya\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/infinitylearn_by_srichaitanya\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/infinity-learn-by-sri-chaitanya\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/InfinityLearnEdu","https:\/\/twitter.com\/InfinityLearn_"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/#logo","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"","contentUrl":"","caption":"Infinity Learn"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/#logo"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/#website","url":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/","name":"Infinity Learn by Sri Chaitanya","description":"Surge","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/#primaryimage","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene-explanation-and-examples.jpg?v=1647838787","contentUrl":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene-explanation-and-examples.jpg?v=1647838787","width":606,"height":428},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/","name":"Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene \u2013 Explanation and Examples - Infinity Learn by Sri Chaitanya","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/#primaryimage"},"datePublished":"2022-03-21T04:59:50+00:00","dateModified":"2022-04-01T15:18:30+00:00","description":"Learn about Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene topic of Chemistry in details explained by subject experts on infinitylearn.com. Register free for online tutoring session to clear your doubts.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene \u2013 Explanation and Examples"}]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/#webpage"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/#\/schema\/person\/d931698bc4645b2739855720864f30e2"},"headline":"Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene \u2013 Explanation and Examples","datePublished":"2022-03-21T04:59:50+00:00","dateModified":"2022-04-01T15:18:30+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/#webpage"},"wordCount":466,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/electrophilic-substitution-of-benzene-explanation-and-examples.jpg","inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/#\/schema\/person\/d931698bc4645b2739855720864f30e2","name":"vipin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/#personlogo","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9a84adf9d11e7ad01332089c3e52538?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9a84adf9d11e7ad01332089c3e52538?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"vipin"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/surge.infinitylearn.com"],"url":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/author\/vipin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/149560"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=149560"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/149560\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=149560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=149560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=149560"},{"taxonomy":"table_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/table_tags?post=149560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}