{"id":150623,"date":"2022-03-21T11:39:19","date_gmt":"2022-03-21T06:09:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/oxidation-state-meaning-definition-discovery-rules-and-calculation\/"},"modified":"2024-12-16T10:49:05","modified_gmt":"2024-12-16T05:19:05","slug":"oxidation-state-meaning-definition-discovery-rules-and-calculation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/oxidation-state\/","title":{"rendered":"Oxidation State &#8211; Meaning, Definition, Discovery, Rules and Calculation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_37 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' style='display:block'><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/oxidation-state\/#A_Brief_Introduction_to_Oxidation_State\" title=\"A Brief Introduction to Oxidation State\">A Brief Introduction to Oxidation State<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/oxidation-state\/#What_does_Oxidation_State_Mean\" title=\"What does Oxidation State Mean?\">What does Oxidation State Mean?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/oxidation-state\/#Origin_and_Discovery_of_Oxidation_State\" title=\"Origin and Discovery of Oxidation State\">Origin and Discovery of Oxidation State<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/oxidation-state\/#What_does_Oxidation_Entail\" title=\"What does Oxidation Entail?\">What does Oxidation Entail?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/oxidation-state\/#Oxidation_States_-_The_Highest_and_the_Lowest\" title=\"Oxidation States \u2013 The Highest and the Lowest\">Oxidation States \u2013 The Highest and the Lowest<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/oxidation-state\/#Rules_to_identify_and_assign_Oxidation_States\" title=\"Rules to identify and assign Oxidation States\">Rules to identify and assign Oxidation States<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/oxidation-state\/#Oxidation_Number_Calculation\" title=\"Oxidation Number Calculation\">Oxidation Number Calculation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/oxidation-state\/#Oxidation_States_and_Numbers\" title=\"Oxidation States and Numbers:\">Oxidation States and Numbers:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/oxidation-state\/#Types_of_Redox_Reactions\" title=\"Types of Redox Reactions\">Types of Redox Reactions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Brief_Introduction_to_Oxidation_State\"><\/span>A Brief Introduction to Oxidation State<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Oxidation State &#8211; Meaning: An <a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/oxidation-state\/\">oxidation<\/a> state is a number assigned to an atom in a molecule that indicates the degree of oxidation of that atom. The oxidation state of a molecule is determined by the sum of the oxidation states of the atoms in the molecule. The most common oxidation state is 0, which indicates an atom that is not oxidized. The oxidation state of an atom can be positive or negative. A positive oxidation state indicates that the atom is oxidized, and a negative oxidation state indicates that the atom is reduced.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-150622 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/oxidation-state-meaning-definition-discovery-rules-and-calculation.jpg\" alt=\"Oxidation State - Meaning, Definition, Discovery, Rules and Calculation\" width=\"606\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/oxidation-state-meaning-definition-discovery-rules-and-calculation.jpg?v=1647842955 606w, https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/oxidation-state-meaning-definition-discovery-rules-and-calculation-300x212.jpg?v=1647842955 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 606px) 100vw, 606px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_does_Oxidation_State_Mean\"><\/span>What does Oxidation State Mean?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Oxidation state is a measure of the extent of oxidation of an atom in a molecule. It is a number assigned to an atom in a molecule, and is calculated by subtracting the number of electrons that atom has lost from the number of electrons it has gained.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Origin_and_Discovery_of_Oxidation_State\"><\/span>Origin and Discovery of Oxidation State<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The oxidation state is a measure of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. It is a number assigned to an atom in a molecule, and indicates the number of electrons that have been removed from or added to the atom. The origin of the oxidation state is unknown, but it was first proposed by J. J. Berzelius in 1834.<\/p>\n<p>The discovery of the oxidation state is also unknown, but it was first used by chemists in the early 1800s.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_does_Oxidation_Entail\"><\/span>What does Oxidation Entail?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Oxidation is the process of losing electrons. In chemistry, this process is often referred to as &#8220;oxidation state.&#8221; When an element loses electrons, its oxidation state increases.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Oxidation_States_-_The_Highest_and_the_Lowest\"><\/span>Oxidation States \u2013 The Highest and the Lowest<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The highest oxidation state is +8 and the lowest is \u20132.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rules_to_identify_and_assign_Oxidation_States\"><\/span>Rules to identify and assign Oxidation States<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The oxidation state of an atom is the charge it would have if all the electrons in its outer shell were transferred to the most electronegative atom in a compound. The oxidation state of an atom is usually written as a Roman numeral after the element&#8217;s symbol.<\/li>\n<li>The oxidation state of an atom can be identified by counting the number of electrons in its outer shell and subtracting the number of electrons that are already assigned to that atom in the compound. For example, in the compound potassium chloride, the oxidation state of potassium is +1 and the oxidation state of chlorine is -1. This is because potassium has one electron in its outer shell and it has already been assigned to the atom in the compound. Chlorine has seven electrons in its outer shell and it has six electrons assigned to it in the compound, so its oxidation state is -1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Oxidation_Number_Calculation\"><\/span>Oxidation Number Calculation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The oxidation number of an atom is the number of electrons that atom would need to gain to become an ion with a charge of 1+. The oxidation number of an element in a compound is the average oxidation number of the atoms of that element in the compound.<\/li>\n<li>The oxidation number of an atom can be found by using the following equation:<\/li>\n<li>Oxidation Number = (# of valence electrons) &#8211; (# of electrons gained in forming ion)<\/li>\n<li>The oxidation number of an atom is also found by using the following equation:<\/li>\n<li>Oxidation number = (# of protons) &#8211; (# of electrons<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Oxidation_States_and_Numbers\"><\/span>Oxidation States and Numbers:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The oxidation state of an atom is the charge it has after losing or gaining electrons. The oxidation state is written as a number, and it can be positive or negative. The oxidation state of an atom is usually shown as a Roman numeral in parentheses after the symbol for the atom.<\/li>\n<li>The oxidation state of an atom can be found by subtracting the number of electrons in the cation from the number of electrons in the anion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Redox_Reactions\"><\/span>Types of Redox Reactions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There are five types of redox reactions:<\/p>\n<p>combination, decomposition, displacement, oxidation, and reduction.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Combination: In a combination reaction, two substances combine to form a new substance.<\/li>\n<li>Decomposition: In a decomposition reaction, a substance breaks down into two or more substances.<\/li>\n<li>Displacement: In a displacement reaction, one element displaces another element from its compound.<\/li>\n<li>Oxidation: In an oxidation reaction, a substance loses electrons.<\/li>\n<li>Reduction: In a reduction reaction, a substance gains electrons.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Brief Introduction to Oxidation State Oxidation State &#8211; Meaning: An oxidation state is a number assigned to an atom [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Oxidation State - 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