{"id":151711,"date":"2022-03-21T12:48:31","date_gmt":"2022-03-21T07:18:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/acids-and-bases-definition-theories-properties-uses-and-faqs\/"},"modified":"2024-12-13T12:31:14","modified_gmt":"2024-12-13T07:01:14","slug":"acids-and-bases-definition-theories-properties-uses-and-faqs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/acids-and-bases\/","title":{"rendered":"Acids and Bases"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_37 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' style='display:block'><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/acids-and-bases\/#What_are_Acids_and_Bases\" title=\"What are Acids and Bases?\">What are Acids and Bases?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/acids-and-bases\/#Acid-Base_Theories\" title=\"Acid-Base Theories\">Acid-Base Theories<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/acids-and-bases\/#Arrhenius_Theory_of_Acids_and_Bases\" title=\"Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases\">Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/acids-and-bases\/#Arrhenius_Acids_and_Bases\" title=\"Arrhenius Acids and Bases\">Arrhenius Acids and Bases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/acids-and-bases\/#Arrhenius_Base\" title=\"Arrhenius Base\">Arrhenius Base<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/acids-and-bases\/#Bronsted_Theory_of_Acids_and_Bases\" title=\"Bronsted Theory of Acids and Bases\">Bronsted Theory of Acids and Bases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/acids-and-bases\/#Bronsted_Lowry_Acid\" title=\"Bronsted Lowry Acid\">Bronsted Lowry Acid<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/acids-and-bases\/#Bronsted_Lowry_Base\" title=\"Bronsted Lowry Base\">Bronsted Lowry Base<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/acids-and-bases\/#Lewis_Concept_of_Acids_and_Bases\" title=\"Lewis Concept of Acids and Bases\">Lewis Concept of Acids and Bases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/acids-and-bases\/#pH_of_Acids_and_Bases\" title=\"pH of Acids and Bases\">pH of Acids and Bases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/acids-and-bases\/#Properties_of_Acids_and_Bases\" title=\"Properties of Acids and Bases\">Properties of Acids and Bases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/acids-and-bases\/#Properties_of_Bases\" title=\"Properties of Bases\">Properties of Bases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/acids-and-bases\/#Neutral_Substances\" title=\"Neutral Substances\">Neutral Substances<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/acids-and-bases\/#Uses_of_Acids_and_Bases\" title=\"Uses of Acids and Bases\">Uses of Acids and Bases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/acids-and-bases\/#Uses_of_Acids\" title=\"Uses of Acids\">Uses of Acids<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/acids-and-bases\/#Uses_of_Bases\" title=\"Uses of Bases\">Uses of Bases<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_Acids_and_Bases\"><\/span>What are Acids and Bases?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Acids and Bases: An <a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/acids-and-bases\/\">acid<\/a> is a molecule that can donate a proton (H+) to a base. A base is a molecule that can accept a proton from an acid. When an acid and base interact, they form a salt and water.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-151710 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/acids-and-bases-definition-theories-properties-uses-and-faqs.jpg\" alt=\"Acids and Bases \u2013 Definition, Theories, Properties, Uses and FAQs\" width=\"606\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/acids-and-bases-definition-theories-properties-uses-and-faqs.jpg?v=1647968958 606w, https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/acids-and-bases-definition-theories-properties-uses-and-faqs-300x212.jpg?v=1647968958 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 606px) 100vw, 606px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Acid-Base_Theories\"><\/span>Acid-Base Theories<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There are three main acid-base theories: the Arrhenius, the Bronsted-Lowry, and the Lewis.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The Arrhenius theory is the oldest and simplest of the three. It states that acids are substances that dissolve in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+), and bases are substances that dissolve in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-).<\/li>\n<li>The Bronsted-Lowry theory is an extension of the Arrhenius theory. It states that acids are proton (H+) donors, and bases are proton acceptors.<\/li>\n<li>The Lewis theory is the most recent and most comprehensive of the three. It states that acids are electron-pair acceptors, and bases are electron-pair donors.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Arrhenius_Theory_of_Acids_and_Bases\"><\/span>Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The Arrhenius theory of acids and bases provides a simple explanation for the behavior of these substances. According to this theory, acids are substances that dissociate in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+), while bases are substances that dissociate to produce hydroxide ions (OH-).<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Arrhenius_Acids_and_Bases\"><\/span>Arrhenius Acids and Bases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Arrhenius acids and bases are substances that dissociate in water to form hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-), respectively. Acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors. Arrhenius acids and bases are the simplest definition of acids and bases and are still used in many introductory chemistry texts.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Arrhenius_Base\"><\/span>Arrhenius Base<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>An Arrhenius base is a chemical that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution. It is named after the Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bronsted_Theory_of_Acids_and_Bases\"><\/span>Bronsted Theory of Acids and Bases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A proton (H+) is transferred from an acid to a base.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The acid donates a proton (H+) to the base.<\/li>\n<li>The base accepts a proton (H+) from the acid.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bronsted_Lowry_Acid\"><\/span>Bronsted Lowry Acid<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A Br\u00f8nsted Lowry acid is a proton donor.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bronsted_Lowry_Base\"><\/span>Bronsted Lowry Base<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A Bronsted Lowry base is a molecule that can donate a proton (H+) to another molecule. The proton is transferred from the base to the molecule that is being acidified.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lewis_Concept_of_Acids_and_Bases\"><\/span>Lewis Concept of Acids and Bases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The Lewis concept of acids and bases is based on the idea that an acid is a molecule that donates a proton (H+) to a base. A base is a molecule that accepts a proton from an acid.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pH_of_Acids_and_Bases\"><\/span>pH of Acids and Bases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The pH of an acid is the measure of its acidity. The pH of a base is the measure of its alkalinity. Acids have a pH of less than 7, while bases have a pH of greater than 7.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Properties_of_Acids_and_Bases\"><\/span>Properties of Acids and Bases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>An acid is a molecule or ion that can donate a proton (H+) to another molecule or ion. A base is a molecule or ion that can accept a proton from another molecule or ion.<\/li>\n<li>Acids and bases are often compared in terms of their strength. The strength of an acid or base is determined by its ability to dissociate in water. The stronger the acid or base, the more easily it dissociates in water.<\/li>\n<li>The pH scale is used to measure the strength of acids and bases. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Acids have a pH below 7, while bases have a pH above 7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Properties_of_Bases\"><\/span>Properties of Bases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>A base is a compound that can accept protons from a acid to form a salt.<\/li>\n<li>Bases are also compounds that can produce OH\u2212 ions in water.<\/li>\n<li>They usually have a bitter taste.<\/li>\n<li>Bases are usually white or colorless.<\/li>\n<li>Some bases are soluble in water, while others are not.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Neutral_Substances\"><\/span>Neutral Substances<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Non-toxic, non-reactive, and non-irritating substances that are neither acidic nor alkaline.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uses_of_Acids_and_Bases\"><\/span>Uses of Acids and Bases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Acids and bases used in a variety of applications. Some common uses of acids and bases include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Making food products such as pickles and mustard<\/li>\n<li>Cleaning products such as bleach and ammonia<\/li>\n<li>Metalworking fluids<\/li>\n<li>Pharmaceuticals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uses_of_Acids\"><\/span>Uses of Acids<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Acids used in a variety of ways. Here are a few:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>make a sour taste in food<\/li>\n<li>To make cleaning products more effective<\/li>\n<li>lower the pH of water so that it is more acidic<\/li>\n<li>To dissolve rocks and other minerals<\/li>\n<li>help extract metals from ores<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uses_of_Bases\"><\/span>Uses of Bases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There are many uses of bases in everyday life. A few examples are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bases used in making soap.<\/li>\n<li>Used in making detergents.<\/li>\n<li>Also used in making fertilizer.<\/li>\n<li>Used in making paints.<\/li>\n<li>They generally used in making plastics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What are Acids and Bases? Acids and Bases: An acid is a molecule that can donate a proton (H+) to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Acids and Bases \u2013 Definition","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Acids and Bases \u2013 Definition, Theories, Properties, Uses and FAQs","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"An acid is a molecule that can donate a proton (H+) to base. A base is a molecule that can accept a proton from an acid on infinitylearn.com.","custom_permalink":"chemistry\/acids-and-bases\/"},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Acids and Bases \u2013 Definition, Theories, Properties, Uses and FAQs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"An acid is a molecule that can donate a proton (H+) to base. 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