{"id":156240,"date":"2022-03-26T01:32:15","date_gmt":"2022-03-25T20:02:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/p-value\/"},"modified":"2023-05-24T18:19:43","modified_gmt":"2023-05-24T12:49:43","slug":"p-value","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/maths\/p-value\/","title":{"rendered":"P-Value"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_37 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' style='display:block'><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/maths\/p-value\/#Hypothesis_Interpretation_From_the_Calculated_P-Value\" title=\"Hypothesis Interpretation From the Calculated P-Value.\">Hypothesis Interpretation From the Calculated P-Value.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/maths\/p-value\/#P-Value_Example\" title=\"P-Value Example:\">P-Value Example:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/maths\/p-value\/#How_to_Find_P_Value_Formula\" title=\"How to Find P Value Formula:\">How to Find P Value Formula:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/maths\/p-value\/#Real-Life_P-Value_Examples\" title=\"Real-Life P-Value Examples:\">Real-Life P-Value Examples:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/maths\/p-value\/#Also_Check_For\" title=\"Also Check For:\">Also Check For:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hypothesis_Interpretation_From_the_Calculated_P-Value\"><\/span>Hypothesis Interpretation From the Calculated P-Value.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The calculated p-value is 0.0686. This means that the hypothesis that there is no difference between the two groups is not rejected at the 5% significance level.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-156239 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/pvalue.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"606\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/pvalue.jpg?v=1648238530 606w, https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/pvalue-300x212.jpg?v=1648238530 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 606px) 100vw, 606px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"P-Value_Example\"><\/span>P-Value Example:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A statistician is testing the hypothesis that a certain medication is effective in treating a certain type of cancer. A sample of 100 patients is taken, and the results of the treatment are analyzed. The statistician finds that in the sample, 60 of the patients were successfully treated.<\/p>\n<p>The statistician tests the hypothesis that the medication is effective in treating the cancer by calculating the p-value. The p-value is the probability of obtaining a result as extreme as the one observed, or more extreme, if the null hypothesis is true. In this case, the p-value is the probability of obtaining a result as extreme as 60 successes out of 100 patients, or more extreme.<\/p>\n<p>The p-value is calculated by comparing the observed value of 60 successes out of 100 patients to the value of the distribution of successes that would be expected if the null hypothesis were true. If the p-value is less than a predetermined cutoff value, such as 0.05, then the statistician concludes that the medication is effective in treating the cancer.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_to_Find_P_Value_Formula\"><\/span>How to Find P Value Formula:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>P-value is the probability of obtaining the observed or a more extreme result, assuming the null hypothesis is true. It is calculated using the following formula:<\/p>\n<p>P-value =<\/p>\n<p>where:<\/p>\n<p>O is the observed result<\/p>\n<p>E is the most extreme result that could have been obtained, given the null hypothesis is true<\/p>\n<p>N is the sample size<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Real-Life_P-Value_Examples\"><\/span>Real-Life P-Value Examples:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>1. A study is conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between stress levels and heart disease. A total of 100 people are studied, and it is found that 50 of them have heart disease and 50 do not. The stress levels of each person are measured, and it is found that the average stress level of those with heart disease is 9, while the average stress level of those without heart disease is 5.<\/p>\n<p>The null hypothesis is that there is no relationship between stress levels and heart disease.<\/p>\n<p>The alternative hypothesis is that there is a relationship between stress levels and heart disease.<\/p>\n<p>The p-value is calculated to be 0.023.<\/p>\n<p>This p-value indicates that the probability of the null hypothesis being true is 2.3%. This means that there is a 97.7% chance that the alternative hypothesis is true.<\/p>\n<p>2. A study is conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between stress levels and heart disease. A total of 100 people are studied, and it is found that 50 of them have heart disease and 50 do not. The stress levels of each person are measured, and it is found that the average stress level of those with heart disease is 9, while the average stress level of those without heart disease is 5.<\/p>\n<p>The null hypothesis is that there is no relationship between stress levels and heart disease.<\/p>\n<p>The alternative hypothesis is that there is a relationship between stress levels and heart disease.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Also_Check_For\"><\/span>Also Check For:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/maths\/level-of-significance\/\">Level of Significance in Statistics \u2013 Definition, P-value Significance Level and FAQs<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/maths\/paired-t-test\/\">Paired t test \u2013 Meaning, Procedure and Hypothesis<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/maths\/statistical-inference\/\">Statistical Inference<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hypothesis Interpretation From the Calculated P-Value. The calculated p-value is 0.0686. This means that the hypothesis that there is no [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"P-Value","_yoast_wpseo_title":"P-Value - Definition, Formula, Example and Statistical Hypothesis","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"P-value: Statistical measure indicating the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis based on observed data.","custom_permalink":"maths\/p-value\/"},"categories":[13],"tags":[8373,8371,8372,8369,8370,8368],"table_tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>P-Value - Definition, Formula, Example and Statistical Hypothesis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"P-value: Statistical measure indicating the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis based on observed data.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/maths\/p-value\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"P-Value - 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