{"id":21434,"date":"2022-01-25T18:06:42","date_gmt":"2022-01-25T12:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/?p=21434"},"modified":"2022-01-25T18:06:42","modified_gmt":"2022-01-25T12:36:42","slug":"to-study-the-variation-in-volume-with-pressure-for-a-sample-of-air-at-constant-temperature-by-plotting-graphs-between-p-and-v","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-material\/chemistry\/to-study-the-variation-in-volume-with-pressure\/a-sample-of-air-at-constant-temperature-by-plotting-graphs-between-p-and-v\/","title":{"rendered":"To Study the Variation in Volume with Pressure for a Sample of air at Constant Temperature by Plotting Graphs Between P and V"},"content":{"rendered":"

To Study the Variation in Volume with Pressure for a Sample of air at Constant Temperature by Plotting Graphs Between P and V, and Between P and 1\/V<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

Aim <\/strong><\/span>
\nTo study the variation in volume with pressure for a sample of air at constant temperature by plotting graphs between P and V, and between P and 1\/V.<\/p>\n

Apparatus <\/strong><\/span>
\nBoyle\u2019s law apparatus, plumb line, a pair of set-squares, a thermometer and Fortin\u2019s barometer.<\/p>\n

Theory <\/strong><\/span>
\nBoyle\u2019s Law. It states that the pressure (P) of an enclosed gas (i.e., for a given mass of the gas) is inversely proportional to its volume (V) provided that the temperature of the gas remains constant.
\n\"to-study-the-variation-in-volume-with-pressure-for-a-sample-of-air-at-constant-temperature-by-plotting-graphs-between-p-and-v-1\"<\/p>\n

Diagram <\/strong><\/span>
\n\"to-study-the-variation-in-volume-with-pressure-for-a-sample-of-air-at-constant-temperature-by-plotting-graphs-between-p-and-v-2\"<\/p>\n

Procedure <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. The apparatus is set with wooden board vertical with the help of leveling screws in the heavy metallic base. It is tested by a plumb line.<\/li>\n
  2. See the air enclosed in the graduated tube A closed at the upper end.<\/li>\n
  3. Adjust the height of other tube B, such that mercury level in it is in horizontal line with the level in A. Air pressure in A is equal to the atmospheric pressure on mercury in tube B.<\/li>\n
  4. Note the atmospheric pressure from Fortin\u2019s barometer hanging in laboratory.<\/li>\n
  5. Also note the temperature from the thermometer attached to the barometer.<\/li>\n
  6. Note the reading of mercury levels in tube A and B against scale S. It will be same.<\/li>\n
  7. Note volume of enclosed gas in graduated tube A.<\/li>\n
  8. Move the tube B upwards by about 2 cm. Mercury level in tube A will also rise up a little reducing volume of enclosed air. The reduced volume is noted.<\/li>\n
  9. Pressure of air in tube A increases and mercury level in A remains lower than that in B.<\/li>\n
  10. Position of mercury level in tube B is noted against the vertical scale using set squares as before.<\/li>\n
  11. Repeat steps 8, 9, 10 two more times raising the tube B by 2 cm each time.<\/li>\n
  12. Lower the tube B and bring the mercury level with same horizontal line as in A. Check reading of step 6.<\/li>\n
  13. Move the tube B downwards by about 2 cm. Mercury level in A will also come down a little increasing volume of enclosed air. The increased volume is noted.<\/li>\n
  14. Pressure of air in tube A decreases and mercury level in A remains higher than that in B. Step 10 is repeated.<\/li>\n
  15. Repeat steps 13 and 14 two more times lowering the tube B by 2 cm each time.<\/li>\n
  16. Repeat steps 4 and 5.<\/li>\n
  17. Record observations in tabular form as given ahead.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Observations<\/strong><\/span>
    \n\"to-study-the-variation-in-volume-with-pressure-for-a-sample-of-air-at-constant-temperature-by-plotting-graphs-between-p-and-v-3\"<\/p>\n

    Calculations <\/strong><\/span>
    \n(a) Through Table<\/strong>
    \n1. Find difference of Hg levels in tube A and tube B to find pressure difference (p).
    \n2. Add atmospheric pressure P0<\/sub>(75.0 cm of Hg) to pressure difference p to find total pressure P(= P0<\/sub> + p) of air in the tube A.
    \n3. Write volume V of air enclosed in tube A.
    \n4. Write value of 1\/V and PV in respective columns.
    \n(b) Through Graph<\/strong>
    \n1. Draw a graph between P and V, taking P, along X-axis and V along Y-axis. The graph is a hyperbola.
    \n2. Draw another graph between P and 1\/V , taking P along X-axis and y along Y-axis. The graph is a straight line with positive slope.
    \n\"to-study-the-variation-in-volume-with-pressure-for-a-sample-of-air-at-constant-temperature-by-plotting-graphs-between-p-and-v-4\"<\/p>\n

    Result <\/strong><\/span>
    \n1. PV is constant. It is according to Boyle\u2019s Law.
    \n2. P-V graph is a hyperbola. It satisfies the relation PV = constant.
    \n\"to-study-the-variation-in-volume-with-pressure-for-a-sample-of-air-at-constant-temperature-by-plotting-graphs-between-p-and-v-5\"<\/p>\n

    Precautions<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Air in tube A must be pure and dry.<\/li>\n
    2. The wooden board must be set vertical.<\/li>\n
    3. Position of mercury levels must be noted using set squares.<\/li>\n
    4. Atmospheric pressure must be taken in the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Its mean must be used in calculation.<\/li>\n
    5. Graph must be plotted carefully.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Sources of error<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. The air in tube A may not be pure and dry.<\/li>\n
      2. Base may not be broad and heavy to keep the, apparatus stable.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Viva Voce <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Question. 1. State Boyle\u2019s Law.<\/strong>
        \n Answer.<\/strong> Read theory of Experiment 3.<\/p>\n

        Question. 2. Why do we use the mercury in Boyle\u2019s law apparatus ?<\/strong>
        \n Answer.<\/strong> Pressure difference (P) is in terms of difference of mercury levels in tube A and B. This difference added algebraically to atmospheric pressure gives the pressure of air in tube A in cm of Hg.<\/p>\n

        Question. 3. Does Boyle\u2019s law hold good under all conditions ?<\/strong>
        \n Answer.<\/strong> No. Boyle\u2019s law is only hold good when temperature is high and pressure is low.<\/p>\n

        Question. 4. Why is it necessary to make the Boyle\u2019s law apparatus vertical ?<\/strong>
        \n Answer.<\/strong> If it is not vertical, the reading of mercury column will not be accurate.<\/p>\n

        Question. 5. For which gas have you verified Boyle\u2019s law ?<\/strong>
        \n Answer.<\/strong> For air.<\/p>\n

        Question. 6. What is atmospheric pressure ?<\/strong>
        \n Answer.<\/strong> It is the pressure on earth surface due to air column Pa = 1.013 x 10-5<\/sup> Nm-2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

        Question. 7. What is nature of graph between pressure and volume for a gas at constant temperature.<\/strong>
        \n Answer.<\/strong> Hyperbola.<\/p>\n

        Question. 8. What is nature of graph for P vs. 1\/V for a gas at constant temperature ?<\/strong>
        \n Answer.<\/strong> Straight line.<\/p>\n

        Question. 9. How the pressure depend upon radius of tube A and B?<\/strong>
        \n Answer.<\/strong> Pressure does not depend upon the radius (Area) of tube.<\/p>\n

        Question. 10. What is ideal gas equation ?<\/strong>
        \n Answer.<\/strong> PV = nRT.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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