{"id":23118,"date":"2022-01-31T20:45:03","date_gmt":"2022-01-31T15:15:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/?p=23118"},"modified":"2024-02-26T12:26:20","modified_gmt":"2024-02-26T06:56:20","slug":"coordination-compounds-class-12-notes-chemistry-chapter-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-material\/cbse-notes\/class-12\/chemistry\/coordination-compounds-class-12-notes-chemistry-chapter-9\/","title":{"rendered":"Coordination Compounds Class 12 Notes Chemistry Chapter 9"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_37 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' style='display:block'><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-material\/cbse-notes\/class-12\/chemistry\/coordination-compounds-class-12-notes-chemistry-chapter-9\/#Coordination_Compounds_Class_12_Notes_Chemistry_Chapter_9_Solutions\" title=\"Coordination Compounds Class 12 Notes Chemistry Chapter 9 Solutions\">Coordination Compounds Class 12 Notes Chemistry Chapter 9 Solutions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-material\/cbse-notes\/class-12\/chemistry\/coordination-compounds-class-12-notes-chemistry-chapter-9\/#More_Resources_for_Class_12\" title=\"More Resources for Class 12\">More Resources for Class 12<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Coordination_Compounds_Class_12_Notes_Chemistry_Chapter_9_Solutions\"><\/span>Coordination Compounds Class 12 Notes Chemistry Chapter 9 Solutions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>1. Coordination compounds<\/strong> contain a central atom (or cation) which is coordinated to a suitable number of anions or neutral molecules and usually retain their identity in solution as well as in solid state. These may be a positively charged, negatively charged or a neutral species,<\/p>\n[Co(NH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>6<\/sub>]<sup>3+<\/sup>, [NiCl<sub>4<\/sub>]<sup>2-<\/sup>, [Ni(CO)<sub>4<\/sub>] etc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.<\/strong> In 1893, Werner proposed a theory to explain the structure and bonding in coordination compounds:<\/p>\n<div class=\"d-grid gap-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-material-important-question\/class-12\/chemistry\/important-questions-for-class-12-chemistry-chapter-9-coordination-compounds-class-12-important-questions\/\"> <button class=\"btn btn-primary\" style=\"width: 100%; cursor: pointer;\" type=\"button\"><strong>Click Here: Important Questions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 9<\/strong> <\/button> <\/a><\/div>\n<p>(a) In coordination compounds, metals show two types of valencies : Primary valency and secondary valency.<\/p>\n<p>(b) Primary valencies are ionisable.<\/p>\n<p>(c) Secondary valencies are not ionisable.<\/p>\n<p>(d) This theory was successful to very limited extent and could not explain many aspects of coordination compounds.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.<\/strong> In modern formulations, such spatial , arrangements are called coordination polyhedra. The species within the square bracket are coordination entities or complexes and the ions outside the square brackets are called counter ions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.<\/strong> The compounds which have the same molecular formula but differ in their structural arrangements are known as isomers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.<\/strong> The types of isomerism shown by coordination compounds are :<\/p>\n<p><strong>(a) Geometrical (or cis-trans) isomerism:<\/strong> Two coordination compounds are said to be <strong>geometrical isomers<\/strong>, when they differ in the arrangement of their ligands in space. When two identical ligands occupy adjacent position, the isomer is called \u2018cis-form\u2019 and when they arranged opposite to one another, the isomer is called \u2018trans-form\u2019.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(b) Optical isomerism<\/strong> shown by the chiral molecule, i.e., the molecules which do not have plane of symmetry e.g., [Cr(ox)<sub>3<\/sub>]<sup>3-<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(c) Linkage isomerism<\/strong> occurs in complexes when an ambidentate ligand is present in the coordination sphere, e.g., [CO(NH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>5<\/sub>N0<sub>2<\/sub>]<sup>2+<\/sup> and [Co(NH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>5<\/sub>(-ONO)]<sup>2+<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(d) Coordination isomerism<\/strong> occurs in those complexes which are made of cationic and anionic coordination entities due to the interchange of ligands between the cation and anion entities, e.g., [CO(NH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>6<\/sub>] [Cr(CN)<sub>6<\/sub>] and [Co(CN)<sub>6<\/sub>] [Cr(NH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>6<\/sub>]\n<p><strong>(e) Ionisation isomerism<\/strong>, is due to the exchange of ions in coordination sphere of metal ion and the ions outside the coordination sphere. These two isomers give different ions in aqueous solution, e.g,<\/p>\n[Co(NH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>5<\/sub>Br]<sup>2+<\/sup> S0<sub>4<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup> and [Co(NH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>5<\/sub>(S0<sub>4<\/sub>)]<sup>+<\/sup> Br<sup>\u2013<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><strong>(f) Solvate or hydrate isomerism<\/strong> occurs when water is a part of coordination entity or is outside it, e.g., CrCl<sub>3<\/sub>-6H<sub>2<\/sub>0 has three isomers.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/32873903125_8a34271f12_o.png\" alt=\"coordination-compounds-cbse-notes-for-class-12-chemistry-1\" width=\"313\" height=\"168\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>6. Magnetic properties:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(i) Inner orbital (low spin) complexes are those complexes in which hybrid orbitals of metal are formed by hybridisation of (n-1) d, ns and np-orbitals, e.g., [Fe(CN)<sub>6<\/sub>]<sup>4-<\/sup>, [CO(NH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>6<\/sub>]<sup>3+<\/sup>, [Cr(NH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>6<\/sub>]<sup>3+<\/sup>, [Fe(CN)<sub>6<\/sub>]<sup>2+<\/sup>, [Fe(H<sub>2<\/sub>0)<sub>6<\/sub>]<sup>2+<\/sup>, [(MnCCN)<sub>6<\/sub>]<sup>3-<\/sup>, etc.<\/p>\n<p>(ii) Outer orbital (high spin) complexes are those comp lexes in which the hybrid orbitals of metal are formed by hybridisation ns, np and nd-vacant orbitals, e.g., [MnF<sub>6<\/sub>]<sup>3-<\/sup>, [FeF<sub>6<\/sub>]<sup>3-<\/sup>, [Ni(NH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>6<\/sub>]<sup>2+<\/sup>,[Ni(H<sub>2<\/sub>0)<sub>6<\/sub>]<sup>2+<\/sup>, etc.<\/p>\n<div class=\"d-grid gap-2\"><a href=\"hhttps:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/cbse\/cbse-class-12-syllabus\/\"> <button class=\"btn btn-primary\" style=\"width: 100%; cursor: pointer;\" type=\"button\"><strong>Click Here: CBSE Syllabus For Class 12<\/strong> <\/button> <\/a><\/div>\n<p><strong>7. Assumptions of Crystal Field Theory:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(a) The ligands are assumed to be point charges.<\/p>\n<p>(b) The interaction between the point charges and the electrons of the central metal are electrostatic in nature.<\/p>\n<p>(c) The 5d-orbitals in an isolated gaseous metal ion have the same energy, i.e., they are degenerate.<\/p>\n<p><strong>8.<\/strong> The stability of a coordination compound [MLn] is measured in terms, of its stability constant<\/p>\n<p>For overall reaction,<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/32832977736_d4c3c953c4_o.png\" alt=\"coordination-compounds-cbse-notes-for-class-12-chemistry-2\" width=\"293\" height=\"90\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>9. Drawbacks of Crystal Field Splitting<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(a) From the assumption that ligands are point charges, it follows that anionic ligands should exert greatest splitting effect. But anionic ligands actually are found at the low end of the spectro chemical series.<\/p>\n<p>(b) It does not take into account for the covalent character of bonding between the ligand and the central atom.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"More_Resources_for_Class_12\"><\/span>More Resources for Class 12<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/maths\/\"><strong>NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/physics\/\"><strong>NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/chemistry\/\"><strong>NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/\"><strong>NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-books\/\">NCERT Books<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-books\/class-12\">NCERT Books for Class 12<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>10.<\/strong> <strong>Bonding in metal carbonyls:<\/strong> In metal carbonyl, the metal carbon (M \u2013 C) bond possesses both the \u03c3- and \u03c0-bond character.<strong>11.<\/strong> <strong>Importance and applications of coordination compounds:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(a) In many quantitative and qualitative chemical analysis.<\/p>\n<p>(b) In extraction processes of metals, like silver and gold.<\/p>\n<p>(c) Purification of metals like Ni can be achieved through formation and subsequent decomposition of their coordination compounds.<\/p>\n<p>(d) In biological systems the pigment responsible for photosynthesis is chlorophyll, is a coordination compound of magnesium. Haemoglobin, coordination compound, of Fe, acts as a oxygen carrier.<\/p>\n<p>(e) Case of chelate therapy in medicinal chemistry.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Coordination Compounds Class 12 Notes Chemistry Chapter 9 Solutions 1. Coordination compounds contain a central atom (or cation) which is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Class 12 Notes CBSE Chemistry Chapter 9","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Coordination Compounds Class 12 Notes CBSE Chemistry Chapter 9","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Download the Coordination Compounds CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 9 important notes PDF for free.","custom_permalink":"study-material\/cbse-notes\/class-12\/chemistry\/coordination-compounds-class-12-notes-chemistry-chapter-9\/"},"categories":[92,21],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Coordination Compounds Class 12 Notes CBSE Chemistry Chapter 9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Download the Coordination Compounds CBSE Class 12 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