\u2022 Globalisation is the inter-relationship and interlinking between the local and global (international) market.
\n\u2022 Not only economic aspect but all aspects (political, economic, sociological and cultural).
\n\u2022 It is a very broad term, includes all aspects of society.
\n\u2022 Economic dimension, liberalisation.
\n\u2022 Political laws\/rules of trade etc.
\n\u2022 Social interaction with people
\n\u2022 Ecological-global warming.
\n\u2022 Cultural dances, traditions etc.
\n\u2022 Faces to globalisation;<\/p>\n
(1) We have fruits, vegetables\/products from other countries which are easily available. We had no choices before.
\n(2) One farmer and traders have stiff competition that they are facing which isn\u2019t good for them.
\n\u2022 They have to raise their prices to compete.
\n\u2022 There has been a debate whether globalisation is good for us or not.
\n\u2022, On the one hand, they feel it is necessary as we need to develop and increase GDP so we need science and technology.
\nWe have to be part of the global village.
\n\u2022 Some feel the gap between the rich and the poor is increasing.
\nGlobalisation has different effects for different sections of society Eg. of some and how they’re affected:<\/p>\n
(1) Fishermen<\/strong> (2) Traditional wears<\/strong> (3) Gum Pikes: <\/strong>There are special trees called \u2018Baval trees\u2019. The gum is extracted from this tree. Especially in Gujarat. These gums piked from these trees are being replaced by gum from Sudan. (Engineer name is Julifera).<\/p>\n (4) Ragpickers: <\/strong>Their jobs are in danger because the waste materials is being imported from other countries. Used paper from other countries is coming here. Global Interconnection<\/strong><\/p>\n Early years (British rule)<\/strong> \u2022 People from different parts of the world have been coming into India as traders or conquerors to find new jobs or for trading and have settled in India. After Independence<\/strong> Understanding Globalisation<\/strong> (a) Economic Dimension<\/strong> (b) Electronic Economy<\/strong> (c) Weightless or Knowledge-Economy<\/strong> (d) Globalisation of Finance<\/strong> (e) INC\u2019s or MNC\u2019s<\/strong> Global Communications<\/strong> Globalisation and international division of labours<\/strong> Globalisation And Employment<\/strong> Political Dimension<\/strong> Cultural Dimension<\/strong><\/p>\n (a) Globalisation Local + global culture<\/strong> (b) Culture of consumption<\/strong> (c) Corporate culture<\/strong> Craft<\/strong> Knowledge system<\/strong>
\nBig fishing vessels\/ships are taking out the space in the ocean. They have better fishing equipment and machines.
\nLocal fishermen are losing out as the area of fishing is being taken by the vessels. Disrupts lines of not only local fishermen but also the sorters and their families are suffering.<\/p>\n
\nThey are suffering as the silk which they wear are suddenly finding competition from Korean and Chinese silk. Being replaced by cheap silk.<\/p>\n
\nGlobalisation has a lot of social implications. One divides the gap between rich and poor second opportunities, lifestyles, products.<\/p>\n
\n\u2022 Globalisation has been existing for many years but it was limited.
\n\u2022 During British rule there were 2 famous routes from India.
\n1. Spice route mainly in south India (Kerala)
\n2. Silk route connects India with China, Persia, Rome and Egypt.<\/p>\n
\n\u2022 During colonial rule trading took place where British colonies were established and these are Asia, Africa and Australia.
\n\u2022 Many people from India were sent to other colonies either willingly or forcefully and this included professionals and casual labours.
\n\u2022 They found it difficult to come back because their caste wouldn\u2019t accept them.
\n\u2022 Labour was mainly sent from Africa to America and Australia.
\n\u2022 Raw materials were sent to Manchester and finished goods came back which were cheaper compared to the hand-spun cloth.
\n\u2022 Due to this Indian companies faced a fallback.<\/p>\n
\n\u2022 After Independence globalisation continued. Since 1990 globalisation outlook became wider and broader.
\n\u2022 Indians went abroad to study or work. Indians\u2019 development is due to globalisation and the creation of a new global outlook 25 years since independence.
\n\u2022 Not only trade but the exchange of technologies also became global.<\/p>\n
\nGlobalisation is a term that includes all aspects of society<\/p>\n
\n\u2022 Policy of liberalisation
\n(a) Privatisation
\n(b) Economic aspect of globalisation
\n\u2022 Many new policies were made in 1990.
\n\u2022 Many laws were introduced by the government as it was aware that there would be stiff competition to protect one local industry\/market\/company.
\n\u2022 Economic reforms policy of liberalisation flourished.<\/p>\n
\n\u2022 Transactions take place electronically at the click of a button through computers.
\n\u2022 No paperwork or paper currency is required.
\n\u2022 Shares bought and sold within seconds.
\n\u2022 Transaction of funds between countries in seconds.
\n\u2022 One major risk is sometimes foreign companies buy up stocks in bulk, make a profit and sell it back to stockholders.
\n\u2022 Main reason for the electronic economy is the revolution in technology.<\/p>\n
\n\u2022 Weightless economy is that system in which basis is information e.g., IT sector, internet, software.
\n\u2022 A knowledge economy is one in which working people are not directly involved in the production of commodities but give support systems (transport and communications, architects, wedding planners, market, service etc).<\/p>\n
\n\u2022 Connected to the electronic economy.
\n\u2022 Hub of electronic activity where the transaction takes place 24 hours are called the financial capital of that city.
\n\u2022 Globally integrated markets do transactions involving billions of holders work within seconds.
\nBombay, Tokyo, London, New York<\/p>\n
\n\u2022 Companies which have branches in different areas.
\n\u2022 Big billions of dollars MNC\u2019s and small MNC\u2019s
\n\u2022 Many Indian companies
\n\u2022 Globalisation has picked up in such a big way because of MNC\u2019s main basis is profit for an MNC and global market.<\/p>\n
\n\u2022 Many revolutions have taken place because of advances and improvements in technology and communication.
\n\u2022 Some homes and many offices have multiple links to the outside world such as telephones, cell phones, fax machines, digital and cable television, electronic mail and internet.
\nTwo individuals located in different parts of the world\u2014in Banglore and New York \u2013 not only can talk but also send documents and images to one another with the help of satellite technology.<\/p>\n
\n\u2022 Has emerged due to globalisation, where production (manufacturing) and employment is spread over different countries all over the world.
\n\u2022 Wherever good infrastructure, cheap labour, resources, MNC\u2019s come up.
\n\u2022 Hence frequent shifting of location occurs.
\n\u2022 This got a feeling of insecurity among labour.
\n\u2022 Only unskilled, casual labours suffered.
\n\u2022 Main aim of factory owners is profit.<\/p>\n
\n\u2022 Before globalisation (1990\u2019s) the employment scenario was different
\n\u2022 Many jobs are now available after graduation (call centres, BPO\u2019s)
\n\u2022 Job opportunities broadened largely<\/p>\n
\n(a) Collapse of socialist states like USSR
\n(b) Coming up of Organisation\/Associations like ASEAN
\n(c) Coming up of IGO\u2019s (Red Cross) and INGO\u2019s (WTO)<\/p>\n
\n\u2022 Homogeneity all products and services are available everywhere.
\n\u2022 Uniqueness is being lost.
\n\u2022 Many foreign films are adapting to local cultures.
\n\u2022 All foreign companies try to adapt themselves to the local practices of the country where they have set up their branches.
\n\u2022 Many food joints know that in India people don\u2019t eat beef so they secure chicken mutton and veg food.
\n\u2014 Fusion of music and dance
\n\u2014 Many foreign serials are shown in local languages \u2014 This helps the marketing of the company which leads to better profit \u2014 Appeals to bigger population \u2014 Culture we have to adapt and mix \u2014 Tradition and modernisation
\n\u2014 Sociologists debate it isn\u2019t good as it is dissolving our culture.
\n\u2014 Some say it is good as we are developing.<\/p>\n
\n\u2022 Before 1990 (globalisation) growth of cities were in places where there was the growth of industries.
\n\u2022 Whenever there were industries there was infrastructure changes in culture in terms of food, clothes, art, music, tourism has been responsible for the migration of people to cities.
\n\u2022 With the coming up of shopping malls, multiplexes, amusement parks all add to the attraction of cities.
\n\u2022 Shopping is no longer done for necessity.
\n\u2022 Aspects of spending money have changed.
\n\u2022 Myth: women should be housewives not educated, not to take part in politics.
\n\u2022 One side believes they should be housewives etc.
\n\u2022 With the coming of globalisation has empowered women.
\n\u2022 They take part in all jobs (bank, pilot, etc).<\/p>\n
\n\u2022 Every corporation or MNC has its own culture because they want to be unique.
\n\u2022 Each company has its way of looking after its people.
\n\u2022 This is done to keep the employee\u2019s happy and relaxed which is also an incentive to keep their working efficiency.
\n\u2022 This incentive is required because there is competition among the people so it is a measure to increase the productivity of the people.
\n\u2022 It is also done to create cohesiveness and loyalty.
\ne.g., Diwali Mela, taking employees to watch movie or holiday or party.
\n\u2022 (Things companies do to keep employees happy).
\n\u2022 Each company has its ways of sales and marketing.
\n\u2022 Marketing is done through advertising and India.
\n\u2022 Market strategies differ from company to company.
\n\u2022 There are a few professions that have been followed for years by teachers, doctors etc.
\n\u2022 Now with globalisation many new occupations have come up, people find jobs in fields like fashion designing, bank, art, dance, diet and theatre.
\n\u2022 The professionals have higher salaries so they face relatively more stress and strain (good money but a lot of work).<\/p>\n
\n\u2022 some crafts have originated in India and during the years have started losing their importance even more so after globalisation.
\n\u2022 This is due to competition as many products within India or outside India are easily available and cheaper.
\n\u2022 With the coming of globalisation the threat to these indigenous crafts has become a common threat.<\/p>\n
\n\u2014 Many food products like sandalwood and turmeric have originated in India, e.g. Tulsi, Haldi, are a lot of health products.
\n\u2014 All these products have been promoted as Indian products.
\n\u2014 Care has to be taken to see that other MNC\u2019s do not promote these products as their own. Recent attempts by some MNC\u2019s to patent the use of Tulsi, Haldi, Rudraksha and Basmati rice is alarming and the need for protecting the base of its indigenous knowledge system.
\n\u2014 Yoga is a popular knowledge system everywhere.<\/p>\n