A. Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n A.1. Look at the pictures given below : Now complete the following dialogues using only one word for each blank on the basis of the pictures given above.<\/p>\n (a) Manav : Suma is playing the violin very well. (b) Peter : It\u2019s suddenly become dark. (c) Abdullah : Ma\u2019m, I\u2019m a little late. (d) Father : Take this. You ________ not forget to wear your helmet while riding your motorbike. Answers:<\/p>\n (a) can, can\u2019t The words that you have used to fill in the blanks denote certain attitudes and functions. Match column (A) with column (B) for the dialogues that you have completed.<\/p>\n A<\/strong><\/p>\n Attitudes and Functions<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n B<\/strong><\/p>\n Dialogues<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n The words that you have used are called MODALS. They belong to a large category of auxiliary verbs, ie helping verbs that cannot be used on their own, but to be used in conjunction with other main verbs. A.2. (a) A: Raju has fractured his arm. (b) A: I have still some shopping to do. May I leave my bag in your store ? (c) A: The coffee is rather bitter. Would you please pass some sugar ? (d) A: I\u2019ll not be able to finish my assignment in time. (e) A: Jamila hasn\u2019t come yet. It\u2019s already very late. (f) A: Someone is knocking on the door. (g) A: My feet get swollen in the evening. Answers:<\/p>\n A.3. Answers:<\/p>\n A.4. A.5. (a) He needn\u2019t come to office tomorrow. What is the difference in the use of \u2018need\u2019 between the above sentences ?<\/p>\n (a) are followed by a main verb in its bare infinitive form (e.g. I must go.) e.g. (1) They needed a lot of money to start a business (main verb).<\/p>\n (2) They need not borrow from the bank to start their business, (modal) (3) He dare not challenge the authority of his boss, (modal verb) (4) He does not dare to challenge the authority of his boss, (main verb)<\/p>\n A.6. Gautam : I heard that Rahim (1) ________ open a garment shop, though he is a little uncertain. Answers:<\/p>\n B. Modals Expressing Possibility<\/strong><\/p>\n B.1. could be , might be, must be may be (a) It could be a man balancing himself sitting in the chair at a great height. B.2. Indira : I\u2019m so thrilled the exams are over. Answers: B.3. (a) After proper investigation the police were able to nail the culprit. (a) After proper investigations the police could nail the culprit. C. Modals \u2013 Past, Present & Future<\/strong><\/p>\n C.1. Our school cricket team is practicing really hard for the zonal matches. I have no doubt that we will beat the local teams very easily, but when it comes to the outside teams, I am not as confident. Our boys must work very hard. Perhaps they could do some yoga exercises to improve their concentration. They need not worry about their fitness at this stage, but they should follow a strict routine.<\/p>\n Last year they had to struggle to reach the finals. The draw might have been a little unfavourable to them but they shouldn\u2019t have neglected their fielding. This landed them in trouble in the quarter finals. This year our team should try and do better in the field. We lost the finals last year mainly because of floored catches ! A casual approach to this aspect must have been the cause of our failure at the crucial stage. So our team ought to improve its fielding and get its batting to click. C.2. C.3. Note:<\/strong> Sometimes there could be more than one correct answer. You may also have to use some of the modals in the box more than once.<\/p>\n must have, will, can\u2019t have, may have, must, may, could, needn\u2019t, can<\/p>\n Mrs Mehta : What is the matter? Why have you stopped? D. Modals \u2013 Referring to the Past<\/strong><\/p>\n D.1 1. Amber was certain that he would be here today, but he hasn\u2019t come yet (miss, flight) Response : He must have missed his flight; nothing else would have held him up.<\/p>\n 2.I was asked to be here for a meeting at 10.00 today. It\u2019s already 10.30 and only a few of us are present.(meeting, cancel) 3. They say they definitely sent the appointment letter by post, but it never arrived, (send fax message) 4. The Municipality did not bother about keeping the locality clean. When the epidemic broke out, it claimed many lives. 5. The Principal is not in her office. She probably had some urgent work at home, (go, home) 6. Asha wasn\u2019t really a big hit as the heroine of the play. The director needn\u2019t have limited his choice to Class XII students alone. Answers:<\/p>\n 2. might have been cancelled D. 2 At this year\u2019s sports meeting, many records were broken but the reigning sports champion. Ravi, surprisingly could not make it to the finals in any of his favourite events. Perhaps he __________ missed so many of his practice sessions. His coach tends to think that he __________ had the time to get fit enough because of his special classes in the evenings. Even if he had tried, he __________ beaten Ramu, who was much better prepared. If it had not been for Ramu, our school __________ gained a place in the draw of the inter-school tournament. D.3 Father : Well , Anant, how was the interview? E. Modals \u2013 Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n E.1. Read the following letter and choose the most suitable alternative from those given. Underline your choice. Sometimes more than one alternative is suitable. It was lovely to get your letter and to hear the good news that you are going trekking with your friends. You (ought to\/ would\/ should) have a break after your exams ! You ask me what you (can\/ should, will) take. Well, you (might\/ can\u2019t\/ mustn\u2019t) fit everything in a backpack so you must be selective. You (will\/ can\/ must) take at least one sweater because it (ought to\/ should\/ can) get very cold in the mountains. You (needn\u2019t\/ could\/ should) pack a gas stove because there (could\/ may\/ will) be plenty of firewood from dead trees.<\/p>\n I\u2019m sure you will have a wonderful time but I (may\/ would\/ should) give you a word of warning. Don\u2019t get stuck in the Laki Pass at night. Once you\u2019re there you (won\u2019t be able to\/ can\u2019t be able to\/ not to able to) get down and it\u2019s very dangerous at night. By the way, you (should\/ should have to\/ should have) told me earlier that you were going and I (should have\/ would have\/ will have) given you my walking boots !<\/p>\n Anyway, look after yourself and enjoy your holiday. E. 2. Work in pairs. Below is a summary of a discussion between a parent and a child. Read through the notes and decide who will take which role. Then act out the role play. You will probably find that you sometimes need to use modals. Role A \u2013 Daughter\/ Son Role B \u2013 Father\/ Mother<\/strong> E.3. CBSE Class 10 English Workbook Solutions Unit 11 Modals-Expressing Attitudes A. Introduction A.1. Look at the pictures given below : […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Get CBSE Class 10 English Workbook Solutions Unit 11 Modals-Expressing Attitudes to infinity learn","custom_permalink":"study-material\/cbse\/english-workbook-class-10-solutions-unit-11-modals-expressing-attitudes\/"},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
\nSee the Workbook on Page 197<\/p>\n
\nPriya : Yes; ________ you play any musical instrument?
\nManav : I ________ But I have learnt vocal music.<\/p>\n
\nNandiya : Yes ; Thick clouds have gathered in the sky. It ________ rain this evening.<\/p>\n
\n______ I enter the class?
\nTeacher : You ________. I\u2019m afraid late coming has become a habit with you.<\/p>\n
\nSon : Thanks, Dad. I forgot to pick it up.<\/p>\n
\n(b) may
\n(c) May, may
\n(d) must<\/p>\n\n\n
\n \n \n \n \u2022 Necessity<\/td>\n A (Must)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u2022 Possibility<\/td>\n B (may)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u2022 Ability<\/td>\n C (can, can\u2019t)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u2022 Permission<\/td>\n D (may)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\nAnswer:
\nYou must not forget to wear your helmet while riding your motorbike.
\nIt may rain this evening.
\nI can.
\nYou may.<\/p>\n
\nGiven below are some dialogues. Circle the modals and underline the main verbs in the italicised portions of the dialogues :<\/p>\n
\nB: But still he can write.<\/p>\n
\nB: Yes, but please collect it before 8.00 pm.<\/p>\n
\nB: No, you must not take any sugar.
\nHave you forgotten your doctor\u2019s advice ?<\/p>\n
\nB: Shall I do the drawings for you ?<\/p>\n
\nB: She may come tomorrow.<\/p>\n
\nB: I\u2019ll open it- it\u2019ll be the maid.<\/p>\n
\nB: Then you must consult a doctor.<\/p>\n
\nMatch the italicized portions of the dialogues with the attitudes and functions denoted by the modals used in them.<\/p>\n
\nHere are the modals used in English.
\nSee the Workbook on Page 200<\/p>\n
\nLook at the following sentences :<\/p>\n
\n(b) He needed permission to take a day off.<\/p>\n\n
\n(b) don\u2019t change in the third person (e.g. He will help and not He wills help.)<\/p>\n\n
\n(As a modal, verb \u2018need\u2019 is commonly used with \u2018not\u2019)<\/p>\n
\n(As a modal verb dare is also commonly used with \u2018not\u2019)<\/p>\n
\nComplete the following conversation choosing the most appropriate options from those given in the box. There can be more than one option for some of the blanks.<\/p>\n
\nSheela : He (2) ________ not plunge into another business proposition ; he (3) ________ forget the colossal failure of his last business venture.
\nGautam : You (4) ________ not have any worry on that count. He (5) ________ not be investing any money. His uncle is providing the capital and he said that Rahim (6) ________ be a working partner.
\nSheela : In that case, I suppose, he (7) ________ go ahead. I remember how Rahim\u2019s father (8) ________ sit for hours worrying about his son\u2019s future.
\nGautam : True. Now that Rahim has learnt his lesson, he (9) ________ be able to live upto the expectations of his father.
\nSheela : Whatever you say, Rahim (10) ________ have his own way. he is that way a little obstinate. We (11) ________ only hope that everything turns out well.<\/p>\n\n
\nLook at the picture. What do you think is happening ? Discuss in small groups. Use the modals given in the box.<\/p>\n
\nSee the Workbook on Page 203
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n
\n(b) It might be a man flying while sitting in his chair.
\n(c) It must be a magician showing a trick.
\n(d) It may be a person in his dream.<\/p>\n
\nIndira and Mary are discussing their holiday plans. Read the dialogue and fill in the blanks by using suitable modals.<\/p>\n
\nLet\u2019s go to the North-East this time.
\nMary : Yes. I\u2019d love that. Where exactly do you want to go?
\nIndira : I\u2019d like to go to Cherapunji.
\nMary : That\u2019s hardly the place to go to. You see, it ______ raining there, especially at this time of the year. Let\u2019s go to Shillong instead.
\nIndira : Why Shillong?
\nIIary : Indira, I\u2019ve lived in that place. You\u2019ll love it and the weather ______ really perfect now.
\nIndira : Okay, it\u2019s Shillong then. But tell me, do I need to carry woollens?
\nMary : Not really. It\u2019s quite pleasant, but the nights ______ chilly, so bring a sweater.
\nIndira : And what about getting there?
\nMary : Well \u2026\u2026\u2026 you could fly to Juwahah, and then you can catch a bus to Shillong.
\nIndira : How far is Shillong?
\nMary : It ______ about 80 kilometres. It ______ a three hour drive by taxi.<\/p>\n
\ncould be, might be, may be, might be, must be, may be<\/p>\n
\n\u2018Can\u2019 and \u2018Could\u2019 also denote ability. Rewrite the following sentences as shown in the example using \u2018Can\u2019 or \u2018Could\u2019.
\nExample: Parents who are able to support their children should not apply for scholarship.
\nParents who can support their children should not apply for scholarship.<\/p>\n
\n____________________________________________
\n(b) After the examinations, I shall be able to go home for a week.
\n____________________________________________
\n(c) In spite of the sincere efforts of the coach, the team is not able to win a single trophy.
\n____________________________________________
\nDid you notice that \u2018can\u2019 is used to denote ability in the present and future and \u2018could\u2019 is used to denote ability in the past? However, remember that \u2018could\u2019 refers to past time only when the context makes the time clear.
\nAnswers:<\/p>\n
\n(b) After the examination, I can go home for a week.
\n(c) In spite of the sincere efforts of the coach, the team can not win a single trophy.<\/p>\n
\nRead the following report of a school cricket match and underline all the modals and the verbs accompanying them. Underline the modals red and the verbs green.<\/p>\n
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n\n
\n Modals<\/strong><\/td>\n will<\/td>\n must<\/td>\n could<\/td>\n need not<\/td>\n should<\/td>\n had to<\/td>\n might<\/td>\n shouldn\u2019t<\/td>\n should<\/td>\n must<\/td>\n ought to<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Verbs<\/strong><\/td>\n beat<\/td>\n work<\/td>\n do<\/td>\n worry<\/td>\n follow<\/td>\n struggle<\/td>\n been<\/td>\n neglected<\/td>\n try<\/td>\n been<\/td>\n improve<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\nYou will have noticed in C1 that modals are used with a main verb to refer to the past, present or future. In pairs, look at the modals you have underlined and complete the table below. You may have noticed sometimes that the same modal is used to refer to the present as well as the future.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n Present<\/strong><\/td>\n Past<\/strong><\/td>\n Future<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Must<\/td>\n might<\/td>\n will<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n could<\/td>\n should<\/td>\n should<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n should<\/td>\n <\/td>\n ought<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n need<\/td>\n must<\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\nMr Mehta and family decide to drive down to Goa for a holiday. On their way their car develops some problem. Given below is a conversation between the Mehta family members. Read the conversation and complete the conversation using suitable modals from the ones given in the box.<\/p>\n
\nMr Mehta : The car is giving some trouble. I have a feeling something is wrong with the engine. Let me check.
\nMrs Mehta : Do you think we _____________ run out of petrol?
\nMr Mehta : No, we _____________ run out of petrol. I got the tank filled before starting.
\nMrs Mehta : If there is a technical fault, do you think you _____________ be able to fix it?
\nMr Mehta : Let me first check what is wrong.
\nDinu : Dad, look there\u2019s smoke coming out. The engine _____________ become too hot.
\nMr Mehta : Dinu, be careful. Don\u2019t take the cap off the radiator. You ___________ not do that. You _____________ get boiling water all over you.
\nMrs Mehta : Yes, Dinu, we _____________ have to wait till the engine cools down.
\nDinu : And how long do you think it _____________ take for that?
\nMr Mehta : I\u2019m not sure. We _____________ have to wait for about fifteen minutes.
\nDinu : Dad, I saw a garage about half a mile back. I suppose we _____________ ask them to fix the problem.
\nMr Mehta : You _____________ worry. The car _____________ be all right. I got it serviced before starting. I am sure it\u2019s just got too hot. Let\u2019s wait and allow the engine to cool a bit.
\nDinu : Mom, I am feeling hungry. _____________ I have something to eat?
\nMrs Mehta : There are some sandwiches in the car. You _____________ have them.
\nAnswer:
\nmay have, can\u2019t have, will, must have, must, could, will, may, may, could, needn\u2019t, will, May, can<\/p>\n
\nRespond to the following situations by writing one sentence using might have, must have, should have, could have<\/span> or ought to<\/span> have. The first one has been done as an example.<\/p>\n
\nResponse : The meeting __________, but you\u2019d better wait for another half an hour.<\/p>\n
\nResponse : They __________ instead.<\/p>\n
\n(take precautions, prevent epidemic)
\nResponse: The Municipality __________<\/p>\n
\nResponse : She __________.<\/p>\n
\n(try, some of the XI class students)
\nResponse : He __________ __________<\/p>\n
\n3. should have sent a fax message
\n4. ought to have taken precautions which could have prevented the epidemic,
\n5. must have gone home as she had perhaps some urgent work there,
\n6. could have tried some of the XI class students instead of restricting his choice to Class XII students only<\/p>\n
\nComplete the following<\/span> paragraph on a school sport meeting by filling in the blanks with could not have, might not have, should not have or would not have.<\/span><\/p>\n
\nAnswer:
\nshould not have, might not have, could not have, would not have<\/p>\n
\nAnant has returned from an interview. Read the dialogue, that takes place between Anant and his father. In pairs, fill in the blanks using any suitable modals. To help you, the number of words you need to use is given in brackets.<\/p>\n
\nAnant : Father, it was a real nightmare. Just about everything went wrong. I was late. I didn\u2019t have the required papers and the GK questions \u2026\u2026. !
\nFather : Really ! Anant, please don\u2019t think I\u2019m lecturing you, but I\u2019d like to say something about how you ________ (2) handled the whole business better.
\nAnant : Father, I wish you ________ (2) say that. You ________ (2) seen the amount of effort I put in.
\nFather : Well \u2026. I have my doubts about that. First, let\u2019s take up this business about being late.
\nAnant : Please remember I only got six days\u2019 notice.
\nFather : No, my dear, it was more than that. If Pm not mistaken, you got the interview call on Saturday itself. If I\u2019d been you, I _________ (2) begun my preparation on Saturday itself. Honestly you __________ (3) gone off on that weekend trip.
\nAnant : Father you know I\u2019d been planning to go on that trip for ages.
\nFather : Well \u2026\u2026.. if you had stayed home you ___________ (2) made a list of the papers required and filed them systematically,
\nAnant : Yes, perhaps you\u2019re right, but father. those GK questions \u2026\u2026?
\nFather : What about them ? Haven\u2019t you been reading the papers regularly?
\nAnant : Yes of course. But those questions were so outdated. I ___________ (3) answered them even if I had read the paper every single day for the past 10 years.
\nFather : Anant, there is no point complaining now. You _____ (1)\/(2) be prepared to be more alert about these things.
\nAnswer:
\ncould have, would not, must have, would have, should not have, might have, could not have, should<\/p>\n
\nAnswer:
\nDear Mohan<\/p>\n
\nWith love
\nDaddy<\/p>\n
\nA night at the Theatre \u2013 Role Play<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nBackground to role play<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>Yours exams start next week \u2013 behind with revision \u2013 want to go to theatre to see new play \u2013 with friend \u2013 his birthday \u2013 reduced tickets \u2013 good play \u2013 need rest from work \u2013 find it difficult to concentrate on work.<\/p>\n
\nDisagree with daughter\/ son \u2013 worried \u2013 won\u2019t do well in exam \u2013 don\u2019t want them to waste time \u2013 for own good \u2013 why not worked hard before \u2013 if had worked, could go out after exams.<\/p>\n
\nWhen you have finished, you and your partner should team up with another pair and write out the dialogue. Then act it out before the class.
\nAnswers:
\nA : Father, Today is the birthday of my friend Ram. I want to go to theatre to see a new play. It\u2019s a good play and the tickets are available at reduced rates.
\nB : I am surprised at you, son. Your exams start next week. Don\u2019t you know you are behind with revision? How can you think of wasting time in a theatre?
\nA : You are right. But think about it. Can I go on studying all the time? I need some rest from work and I think it is the proper time to do so.
\nB : Going to the theatre is not to relax. It will be a waste not of just 3 hours but the whole day. You will keep on thinking about the characters of the play all day.
\nA : Oh no. I believe that I shall be able to concentrate on the books better after that.
\nB : You say it because you want to get my permission. Otherwise, you know the truth.
\nA : Father, think about my friend. This is his birthday and we had planned for this day much in advance.
\nB : Well, you can do what you want. I needn\u2019t keep you against your wish. However, I wish you should have been more careful about your studies.
\nA : Thanks father. Be sure that I\u2019ll do well in the examination.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"