{"id":311436,"date":"2022-11-06T15:27:14","date_gmt":"2022-11-06T09:57:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/orthorhombic-system\/"},"modified":"2022-12-30T16:43:05","modified_gmt":"2022-12-30T11:13:05","slug":"orthorhombic-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/physics\/orthorhombic-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Orthorhombic System"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_37 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' style='display:block'><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/physics\/orthorhombic-system\/#orthorhombic_system\" title=\"orthorhombic system\">orthorhombic system<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/physics\/orthorhombic-system\/#Orthorhombic_System\" title=\"Orthorhombic System\">Orthorhombic System<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/physics\/orthorhombic-system\/#Orthorhombic_Crystal\" title=\"Orthorhombic Crystal\">Orthorhombic Crystal<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/physics\/orthorhombic-system\/#What_is_Orthorhombic_Unit_Cell\" title=\"What is Orthorhombic Unit Cell ?\">What is Orthorhombic Unit Cell ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/physics\/orthorhombic-system\/#Examples_of_Orthorhombic_Structure\" title=\"Examples of Orthorhombic Structure\">Examples of Orthorhombic Structure<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/physics\/orthorhombic-system\/#Variants_of_the_Orthorhombic_Crystal_System\" title=\"Variants of the Orthorhombic Crystal System\">Variants of the Orthorhombic Crystal System<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"orthorhombic_system\"><\/span>orthorhombic system<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>, the<\/p>\n<p>crystal structure of which is characterized by the presence of a single<\/p>\n<p>perovskite-type structural unit :<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Orthorhombic_System\"><\/span>Orthorhombic System<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There are three mutually perpendicular axes of unequal length. All angles between these axes are equal to 90\u00b0.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Orthorhombic_Crystal\"><\/span>Orthorhombic Crystal<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Orthorhombic crystals are characterized by three unequal axes, all at right angles to each other. The lengths of the axes can be different, but they are always in the ratio of 1:2:3. Orthorhombic crystals can be found in a variety of minerals, such as topaz, garnet, and tourmaline.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Orthorhombic_Unit_Cell\"><\/span>What is Orthorhombic Unit Cell ?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>An orthorhombic unit cell is a three-dimensional unit cell with rectangular faces.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Examples_of_Orthorhombic_Structure\"><\/span>Examples of Orthorhombic Structure<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Some examples of orthorhombic structures include:<br \/>\n* Alloys of iron and cobalt<br \/>\n* Alloys of chromium and iron<br \/>\n* Alloys of iron and manganese<br \/>\n* Alloys of iron and silicon<br \/>\n* Alloys of iron and tin<br \/>\n* Alloys of iron and tungsten<br \/>\n* Alloys of iron and vanadium<br \/>\n* Alloys of manganese and silicon<br \/>\n* Alloys of molybdenum and tungsten<br \/>\n* Alloys of nickel and iron<br \/>\n* Alloys of nickel and cobalt<br \/>\n* Alloys of nickel and chromium<br \/>\n* Alloys of nickel and manganese<br \/>\n* Alloys of nickel and silicon<br \/>\n* Alloys of nickel and tin<br \/>\n* Alloys of nickel and tungsten<br \/>\n* Alloys of nickel and vanadium<br \/>\n* Alloys of titanium and iron<br \/>\n* Alloys of titanium and manganese<br \/>\n* Alloys of titanium and silicon<br \/>\n* Alloys of titanium and tin<br \/>\n* Alloys of titanium and vanadium<br \/>\n* Alloys of tungsten and cobalt<br \/>\n* Alloys of tungsten and manganese<br \/>\n* Alloys of tungsten and silicon<br \/>\n* Alloys of tungsten and tin<br \/>\n* Alloys of tungsten and vanadium<br \/>\n* Alloys of zirconium and iron<br \/>\n* Alloys of zirconium and manganese<br \/>\n* Alloys of zircon<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Variants_of_the_Orthorhombic_Crystal_System\"><\/span>Variants of the Orthorhombic Crystal System<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The eight crystal classes of the orthorhombic system can be further divided into two sets of four, based on the centering of the crystal structure. The first set of four crystal classes is centered on a point (or, in the case of the monoclinic class, on a line), and the second set of four is centered on a face.<\/p>\n<p>The following table shows the possible combinations of crystal axes, unique axes, and centering.<\/p>\n<p>Crystal classSpace groupCrystal axesUnique axisCentering<\/p>\n<p>Centered on a point<\/p>\n<p>TriclinicP1a, P1b, P1c, P1i<\/p>\n<p>Any combination of three axes<\/p>\n<p>None<\/p>\n<p>MonoclinicP2, P2i, P2i<\/p>\n<p>Any combination of two axes<\/p>\n<p>One axis<\/p>\n<p>OrthorhombicP222, P2221, P21212, P212121<\/p>\n<p>Any combination of three axes<\/p>\n<p>None<\/p>\n<p>TetragonalP4, P41, P422, P4212, P4122, P41212, P43212, P4322, P432<\/p>\n<p>Any combination of two axes<\/p>\n<p>None<\/p>\n<p>Centered on a face<\/p>\n<p>MonoclinicP2, P2i, P2i<\/p>\n<p>Any combination of two axes<\/p>\n<p>One axis<\/p>\n<p>OrthorhombicP222, P2221,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>orthorhombic system , the crystal structure of which is characterized by the presence of a single perovskite-type structural unit : [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"orthorhombic system","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"orthorhombic system","custom_permalink":"physics\/orthorhombic-system\/"},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - 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