{"id":31441,"date":"2022-01-29T16:00:05","date_gmt":"2022-01-29T10:30:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/?p=31441"},"modified":"2023-07-29T12:26:59","modified_gmt":"2023-07-29T06:56:59","slug":"the-fundamental-unit-of-life-class-9-extra-questions-science-chapter-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/class-9\/science\/the-fundamental-unit-of-life-class-9-extra-questions-science-chapter-5\/","title":{"rendered":"The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Science Chapter 5"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_37 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" 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ez-toc-list-level-1' style='display:block'><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/class-9\/science\/the-fundamental-unit-of-life-class-9-extra-questions-science-chapter-5\/#The_Fundamental_Unit_of_Life_Class_9_Extra_Questions_Science_Chapter_5\" title=\"The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Science Chapter 5\">The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Science Chapter 5<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/class-9\/science\/the-fundamental-unit-of-life-class-9-extra-questions-science-chapter-5\/#The_Fundamental_Unit_of_Life_Class_9_Extra_Questions_Very_Short_Answer_Questions\" title=\"The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Questions\">The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions 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Questions Short Answer Questions-II<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/class-9\/science\/the-fundamental-unit-of-life-class-9-extra-questions-science-chapter-5\/#The_Fundamental_Unit_of_Life_Class_9_Extra_Questions_Long_Answer_Questions\" title=\"The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Long Answer Questions\">The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Long Answer Questions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/class-9\/science\/the-fundamental-unit-of-life-class-9-extra-questions-science-chapter-5\/#The_Fundamental_Unit_of_Life_Class_9_Extra_Questions_HOTS_Higher_Order_Thinking_Skills\" title=\"The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills)\">The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/class-9\/science\/the-fundamental-unit-of-life-class-9-extra-questions-science-chapter-5\/#More_Topics_Related_to_Class_9\" title=\"More Topics Related to Class 9\">More Topics Related to Class 9<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Fundamental_Unit_of_Life_Class_9_Extra_Questions_Science_Chapter_5\"><\/span>The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Science Chapter 5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Extra Questions for Class 9 Science Chapter 5 The Fundamental Unit of Life<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Fundamental_Unit_of_Life_Class_9_Extra_Questions_Very_Short_Answer_Questions\"><\/span>The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Question 1.<br \/>\nPlasma membrane is made up of which two components?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nPlasma membrane is made up of lipids and proteins.<\/p>\n<p>Question 2.<br \/>\nWhat is hypotonic solution?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nA solution having solute concentration lower than that of the cell sap is called hypotonic solution.<\/p>\n<p>Question 3.<br \/>\nWhat is hypertonic solution?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nA solution having solute concentration higher than that of the cell sap is called hypertonic solution.<\/p>\n<p>Question 4.<br \/>\nWhat is isotonic solution?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nA solution having solute concentration same as that of the cell sap is called isotonic solution.<\/p>\n<p>Question 5.<br \/>\nCell wall is made up of which component?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nCell wall is made up of cellulose.<\/p>\n<p>Question 6.<br \/>\nGive an example of unicellular organism.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nAmoeba, Bacteria, Paramecium. (Any one)<\/p>\n<p>Question 7.<br \/>\nGive an example of multicellular organism.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nFungi, plants, animals. (Any one)<\/p>\n<p>Question 8.<br \/>\nWhat is active transport?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nThe movement of molecules across a membrane in cells against a concentration gradient with the help of ATP units is called active transport.<\/p>\n<p>Question 9.<br \/>\nWhat is the intracellular source of digestive enzyme?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nLysosome<\/p>\n<p>Question 10.<br \/>\nWhat is endocytosis?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nEndocytosis is the ingestion or engulfment of food and other material by folding of the plasma membrane it as seen in Amoeba.<\/p>\n<p>Question 11.<br \/>\nWhere are genes located?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nGenes are located on chromosomes in the nucleus.<\/p>\n<p>Question 12.<br \/>\nName two structures found in plant cells but not in animal cells.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nCell wall and chloroplast<\/p>\n<p>Question 13.<br \/>\nName two structures found in animal cells but not in plant cells.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nLysosomes and centrioles<\/p>\n<p>Question 14.<br \/>\nWhich organelle is involved in the formation of lysosomes?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nGolgi apparatus<\/p>\n<p>Question 15.<br \/>\nWhat is the outermost layer found in animal cells?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nPlasma membrane<\/p>\n<p>Question 16.<br \/>\nWhat is the outermost layer found in the plant cell?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nCell wall<\/p>\n<p>Question 17.<br \/>\nWhich organelle is the storage sac of solid and liquid materials?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nVacuoles<\/p>\n<p>Question 18.<br \/>\nWhich organelle serves as a channel for transport of materials between cytoplasm and nucleus?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nEndoplasmic reticulum<\/p>\n<p>Question 19.<br \/>\nWhat is microscope?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nMicroscope is an optical instrument consisting of a lens or combination of lenses which renders minute objects distinctly visible.<\/p>\n<p>Question 20.<br \/>\nWhy is light microscope called a compound microscope?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nLight microscope is called a compound microscope because it consists of two or more lens systems.<\/p>\n<p>Question 21.<br \/>\nWhich organelle is associated with ribosome formation?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nNucleolus<\/p>\n<p>Question 22.<br \/>\nWhat are chromosomes made up of?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nChromosomes are made up of DNA and protein.<\/p>\n<p>Question 23.<br \/>\nDefine plasmolysis.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nIt is the shrinkage of cytoplasm due to loss of water when kept in a hypertonic medium.<\/p>\n<p>Question 24.<br \/>\nWhat is a nucleoid?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nThe undefined nuclear region in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes is known as nucleoid.<\/p>\n<p>Question 25.<br \/>\nWhich organelles other than nucleus contain DNA?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nMitochondria and plasmids contain DNA.<\/p>\n<p>Question 26.<br \/>\nName the only cell organelle seen in prokaryotic cell.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nRibosomes<\/p>\n<p>Question 27.<br \/>\nWhich microorganisms can be made into crystal?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nViruses<\/p>\n<p>Question 28.<br \/>\nWhich organelle detoxify many poisons and drugs in a cell?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nPeroxisome<\/p>\n<p>Question 29.<br \/>\nName a cell organelle which is non-membranous. [NCERT Exemplar]\nAnswer:<br \/>\nRibosome.<\/p>\n<p>Question 30.<br \/>\nDefine diffusion.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nMovement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration is called diffusion.<\/p>\n<p>Question 31.<br \/>\nWhy is endocytosis found in animals only? [NCERT Exemplar]\nAnswer:<br \/>\nFor endocytosis to occur, the outermost membrane should be flexible like the plasma membrane of animals. But in plant cells, cell wall is the outermost membrane which is very rigid. Hence, endocytosis occurs only in animals and not in plants.<\/p>\n<p>Question 32.<br \/>\nWhich cell organelle controls most of the activities of the cell? [NCERT Exemplar]\nAnswer:<br \/>\nNucleus, also known as the brain of the cell, controls most of the activities of the cell because it contains DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) which contains all the information of the cell.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Fundamental_Unit_of_Life_Class_9_Extra_Questions_Short_Answer_Questions-I\"><\/span>The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Short Answer Questions\u2014I<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Question 1.<br \/>\nDescribe the microscopic structure of the cell.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nThe cork cells were the first cells to be observed. They were composed of box-like compartments, forming a honeycomb structure. Cell organelles are found embedded in the cytoplasm.These are smaller in size and bounded by plasma membrane.<\/p>\n<p>Question 2.<br \/>\nHow can you calculate the magnification of a microscope?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nMagnification of a microscope is calculated by multiplying the powers of eyepiece and objective lenses.<br \/>\nMathematically, M = P<sub>1<\/sub> \u00d7 P<sub>2<\/sub>, where Pi is the power of eyepiece andP2 is the power of objective.<\/p>\n<p>Question 3.<br \/>\nWhat is a cell wall and how is it formed?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nCell wall is non-living and freely permeable rigid structure bounding the plant cell. It is secreted by the cell itself for the protection of its plasma membrane and cytoplasm.<\/p>\n<p>Question 4.<br \/>\nWhy were the scientists not able to observe most of the cell organelles before 1940?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nBefore 1940, scientists could view the cell only under a light microscope. The invention of the electron microscope in 1940 enabled the scientists to observe the cell in greater detail.<\/p>\n<p>Question 5.<br \/>\nThere would be no plant life if chloroplasts did not exist. Justify.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nChloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll which is responsible for food preparation in plants by the process of photosynthesis . Hence, if there were no chloroplasts then there would not have been any plant life.<\/p>\n<p>Question 6.<br \/>\nWhy is the Golgi apparatus called the secretary organelle of the cell?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nThis is because it packages material synthesised in the ER and dispatches it to intracellular (plasma membrane and lysosomes) and extracellular (cell surface) targets.<\/p>\n<p>Question 7.<br \/>\nWhat are the functional regions of a cell?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nThere are three major functional regions of cells:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cell membrane or plasma membrane,<\/li>\n<li>nucleus and<\/li>\n<li>cytoplasm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 8.<br \/>\nWhat is cell sap? Give its composition.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nLiquid content in the vacuoles of plant cell is called cell sap. The cell sap contains sugars, amino acid, proteins, minerals and metabolic wastes.<\/p>\n<p>Question 9.<br \/>\nWhat is cytosol and cytoskeleton?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nCytosol fs the semifluid part of the cell cytoplasm which is embedded in between cell organelles. Cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibres present in the cell which provides a supporting framework for the organelles.<\/p>\n<p>Question 10.<br \/>\nWhat are secretory proteins? Give an example of secretory protein.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nProteins which are synthesised by the cell and then released into outer medium of the cell are called secretory proteins. Examples of secretory proteins include mucus, digestive enzymes and hormones.<\/p>\n<p>Question 11.<br \/>\nWhy are peroxisomes mostly found in kidney and liver cells?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nPeroxisomes contain various oxidative enzymes which detoxify the toxic material. Since the blood carries various toxic substances to kidney and liver, a large number of peroxisomes are present in them to oxidise the toxic material.<\/p>\n<p>Question 12.<br \/>\nWhat do you mean by plasmodesmata?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nDue to the presence of cell wall the exchange of materials between the plap.t cells is not possible. Therefore, protoplasts of plant cells are connected by cytoplasmic channels through their walls which are called as plasmodesmata. These channels are used for the exchange of the material between two cells.<\/p>\n<p>Question 13.<br \/>\nWhy do the animal cells not have cell wall?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nAnimals do not have rigid walls because cell walls are incompatible with the way in which an animal moves and grow. The flaccid cell membrane provides the animal cell freedom of mobility and formation of different tissues which is not present in plants.<\/p>\n<p>Question 14.<br \/>\nWhy are the Golgi bodies found in large numbers in the cells which secrete digestive enzymes?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nThe main function of Golgi bodies is to release proteins or enzymes by vesicles. No other organelle has this property. Therefore, these are largely present in secreting cells.<\/p>\n<p>Question 15.<br \/>\nWhat is the significance of pores present on the nuclear membrane?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nThe pores present on the nuclear membrane allow transport of water-soluble molecules across the nuclear envelope. RNA and ribosomes move out of the nucleus, whereas carbohydrates, lipids and proteins move into the nucleus.<\/p>\n<p>Question 16.<br \/>\nWhat are asters and spindle fibres?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nAsters are two star-like structures radiating fibres from the centrosome. They help in locating spindle and trigger cleavage of cytoplasm.<br \/>\nSpindle fibres are formed from microtubules during cell division. They pull the chromosomes apart and bring them at the poles. These are broader in the middle and narrower at the poles.<\/p>\n<p>Question 17.<br \/>\nDo you agree \u201cA cell is a building unit of an organism\u201d. If yes, explain why. [NCERT Exemplar]\nAnswer:<br \/>\nAn organism is made up of various organ systems like digestive system, nervous system, etc. These organ systems in turn are made up of various organs which are made up of tissues. Also tissues are a group of cells performing the same function. Hence, a cell is the building unit of an organism. Cell \u2192 tissue \u2192 organ \u2192 organ system \u2192 organism<\/p>\n<p>Question 18.<br \/>\nIf you are provided with some vegetables to cook, you generally add salt into the vegetables. After adding salt, vegetables release water. Why? [NCERTExemplar]\nAnswer:<br \/>\nWhen salt is added, a hypotonic medium is created, i.e., the concentration of salt molecules is more outside the vegetables than inside. Hence, due to osmosis water from the vegetables come out.<\/p>\n<p>Question 19.<br \/>\nHow are chromatin, chromatid and chromosomes related to each other? [NCERTExemplar]\nAnswer:<br \/>\nChromatin is a thin thread-like structure which is composed of DNA (deoxy ribonucleic acid) and proteins to form a rod-like chromatid. Two similar chromatids attach to a centromere to form a chromosome.<\/p>\n<p>Question 20.<br \/>\nHow is bacterial cell different from onion peel? [NCERT Exemplar]\nAnswer:<\/p>\n<table border=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"288\"><strong>Bacterial cell<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"289\"><strong>Onion peel<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"288\">1. Size is small (1-10 mm).<\/p>\n<p>2. Nucleus is absent.<\/p>\n<p>3. It is a prokaryotic cell.<\/p>\n<p>4. Cell division takes place by fission or budding.<\/td>\n<td width=\"289\">1. Size is larger (5-100 mm).<\/p>\n<p>2. Nucleus is present.<\/p>\n<p>3. It is a eukaryotic cell.<\/p>\n<p>4. Cell division takes place by mitosis.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Fundamental_Unit_of_Life_Class_9_Extra_Questions_Short_Answer_Questions-II\"><\/span>The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Short Answer Questions-II<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Question 1.<br \/>\nDifferentiate between diffusion and osmosis.<br \/>\nAnswer:<\/p>\n<table border=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"288\"><strong>Diffusion<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"289\"><strong>Osmosis<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"288\">1.  It occurs in any medium.<\/p>\n<p>2.   Diffusing molecules may be solid, liquid or gaseous solutes.<\/p>\n<p>3.   Semipermeable membrane is not required.<\/td>\n<td width=\"289\">1.  It occurs in liquid medium only.<\/p>\n<p>2.   It involves movement of solvent molecules only.<\/p>\n<p>3.   Semipermeable membrane is required.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Question 2.<br \/>\nDifferentiate between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. How is endoplasmic reticulum important for membrane biogenesis ? [NCERT Exemplar]\nAnswer:<\/p>\n<table border=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"288\"><strong>Rough endoplasmic reticulum<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"289\"><strong>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"288\">1.  They have ribosomes attached on their surfaces.<\/p>\n<p>2.  RER manufactures proteins and transports them to various places.<\/td>\n<td width=\"289\">1.  They do not have ribosomes attached on their surfaces.<\/p>\n<p>2.   SER helps in manufacturing lipids and transports them to various places.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Endoplasmic reticulum act as main site for synthesis of protein and lipids which are needed for the biogenesis of plasma membrane.<\/p>\n<p>Question 3.<br \/>\nWhat is membrane biogenesis? How is plasma membrane formed during this process?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nThe process of plasma membrane formation is called membrane biogenesis.<br \/>\nFollowing organelles are involved in this process:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-130759\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/The-Fundamental-Unit-of-Life-Class-9-Extra-Questions-Science-Chapter-5-1.png\" alt=\"The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Science Chapter 5 1\" width=\"727\" height=\"182\" \/><br \/>\nThe proteins and lipids are first synthesised in rough endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. These are then transported to the Golgi complex for their modification. After modification, these are transported to the cell surface through vesicles which bud off from Golgi complex to fuse with cell membrane and form a part of the membrane.<\/p>\n<p>Question 4.<br \/>\nWrite the name of different plant parts in which chromoplast, chloroplast and leucoplast are present. [NCERT Exemplar]\nAnswer:<br \/>\nChromoplasts are present in flowers, fruits or any other coloured part of the plant (other than green part).<br \/>\nChloroplasts are present in leaves and stem of plant (green part).<br \/>\nLeucoplasts are present anywhere in plant as they are colourless and store food.<\/p>\n<p>Question 5.<br \/>\nWhat is cell division? Give the types of cell division.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nCell division is a process of formation of two or more daughter cells of its own type from the mother cell. These are similar in structure and function.<br \/>\nCell division occurs in three ways:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Amitosis<\/li>\n<li>Mitosis<\/li>\n<li>Meiosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In each case, division of nucleus (Karyokinesis) occurs before the division of cytoplasm (Cytokinesis).<\/p>\n<p>Question 6.<br \/>\nWhat are the functional differences between a plasma membrane and cell wall?<br \/>\nAnswer:<\/p>\n<table border=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"288\"><strong>Plasma membrane<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"289\"><strong>Cell wall<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"288\">1. It holds cellular contents and controls passage of materials in and out of cell.<\/td>\n<td width=\"271\">1. It gives protection, strength and rigidity to the cell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"288\">2. It is semipermeable in nature and allows entry of selected molecules into the cell.<\/td>\n<td width=\"271\">2. It is completely permeable in nature.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"288\">3. It is not elastic.<\/td>\n<td width=\"271\">3. It is elastic and controls the cell\u2019s turgidity preventing its bursting.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Question 7.<br \/>\nWhat are the functions of nuclear membrane?<br \/>\nAnswer:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A nuclear envelope separates the environment of nucleus from that of rest of the cell.<\/li>\n<li>It protects the genetic material from damage.<\/li>\n<li>It facilitates and regulates exchange of materials in and out of the nucleus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 8.<br \/>\nWrite a note on Golgi apparatus and the functions it performs.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nGolgi apparatus or Golgi bodies or Golgi complex is composed of membrane-bound fluid-filled vesicles, vacuoles and cisternae. In animal cells they are larger and only one or two in number, while in plants they are smaller and more in number. Also, in plant cells, they are distributed throughout \u2013 the cytoplasm and are called dictyosomes.<br \/>\nFunctions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is involved in the transport and modification of protein, lipids as well as carbohydrates.<\/li>\n<li>It helps in the formation of cell plate during cell division.<\/li>\n<li>It is also involved in the formation of cell wall, plasma membrane lysosomes and peroxisomes.<\/li>\n<li>The material synthesised near endoplasmic reticulum is packaged and dispatched to various targets and outside the cell through the Golgi apparatus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 9.<br \/>\nHow will absence of any one of the cell organelle affect the cell\u2019s working?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nFunctions of all the organelles are inter-linked to each other and ultimately to the working of the cell. So, if even a single link is missing, the cell ultimately suffers and die. For example, DNA from the nucleus passes the information for protein formation to the ribosomes which send the proteins to Golgi complex and ER for modification and transport.<\/p>\n<p>Question 10.<br \/>\nDraw a neat diagram of plant cell and label any three parts which differentiate it from animal cell.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-130761\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/The-Fundamental-Unit-of-Life-Class-9-Extra-Questions-Science-Chapter-5-2.png\" alt=\"The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Science Chapter 5 2\" width=\"494\" height=\"450\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 11.<br \/>\nDraw a neat labelled diagram of an animal cell. [NCERT Exemplar]\nAnswer:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-130762\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/The-Fundamental-Unit-of-Life-Class-9-Extra-Questions-Science-Chapter-5-3.png\" alt=\"The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Science Chapter 5 3\" width=\"621\" height=\"270\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Fundamental_Unit_of_Life_Class_9_Extra_Questions_Long_Answer_Questions\"><\/span>The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Long Answer Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Question 1.<br \/>\nDraw a labelled diagram of mitochondria. Write the functions of mitochondria.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-130763\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/The-Fundamental-Unit-of-Life-Class-9-Extra-Questions-Science-Chapter-5-4.png\" alt=\"The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Science Chapter 5 4\" width=\"316\" height=\"311\" \/><br \/>\nFunctions of mitochondria:<br \/>\nThe mitochondria are the main sites for cellular respiration, the process in which the cell converts sugars and oxygen into ATP. ATP is used by various bodies as a source of energy to perform functions.<\/p>\n<p>Question 2.<br \/>\nWhat is active transport? Differentiate between active and passive transport.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nThe process in which the molecules are moved uphill against the concentration gradient. Active transport always involves the expenditure of energy because the materials are pumped against the concentration gradient.<\/p>\n<table border=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"287\"><strong>Active transport<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"290\"><strong>Passive transport<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"287\">1. It involves movement of molecules against the concentration gradient.<\/p>\n<p>2. It requires energy in the form of ATP molecules.<\/p>\n<p>3. It is a rapid movement.<\/p>\n<p>4. Movement of large molecules occur by active transport.<\/td>\n<td width=\"290\">1. It involves movement of molecules along the concentration gradient.<\/p>\n<p>2.  No energy is required.<\/p>\n<p>3.  It is a slow movement.<\/p>\n<p>4.  Only small molecules or water molecules are transported passively.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Question 3.<br \/>\nIllustrate only a plant cell as seen under electron microscope. How is it different from animal cell? [NCERT Exemplar]\nAnswer:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-130764\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/The-Fundamental-Unit-of-Life-Class-9-Extra-Questions-Science-Chapter-5-5.png\" alt=\"The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Science Chapter 5 5\" width=\"445\" height=\"314\" \/><br \/>\nMajor diferences are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Plant cells have chloroplasts<\/li>\n<li>Plant cells have large vacuoles.<\/li>\n<li>Plant cells have cell walls.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 4.<br \/>\nIn brief state what happens when:<br \/>\n(a) dry apricots are left for sometime in pure water and later transferred to sugar solution?<br \/>\n(b) a red blood cell is kept in concentrated saline solution?<br \/>\n(c) the plasma membrane of a cell breaks down?<br \/>\n(d) rheo leaves are boiled in water first and then a drop of sugar syrup is put on it?<br \/>\n(e) golgi apparatus is removed from the cell? [NCERT Exemplar]\nAnswer:<br \/>\n(a) The apricots swell due to osmosis initially and when transferred to sugar solution shrink again due to exosmosis.<br \/>\n(b) RBCs shrink due to exosmosis.<br \/>\n(c) It would lead to scattering of cell organelles and there will be no functioning of the organs.<br \/>\n(d) There will be no change in cell shape or size because the cells are dead due to boiling.<br \/>\n(e) Function of Golgi apparatus is packing, storing and transfer of protein. It would affect the functioning of cell.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Fundamental_Unit_of_Life_Class_9_Extra_Questions_HOTS_Higher_Order_Thinking_Skills\"><\/span>The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Question 1.<br \/>\nIf cells of onion peel and RBC are separately kept in hypotonic solution, what will happen to each of them? Explain the reason for your answer.<br \/>\n(a) Both the cells will swell.<br \/>\n(b) RBC will burst easily while cells of onion peel will resist the bursting to some extent.<br \/>\n(c) (a) and (b) both are correct.<br \/>\n(d) RBC and onion peel cells will behave similarly. [NCERT Exemplar]\nAnswer:<br \/>\n(b). When kept in a hypotonic solution, the onion cells will become turgid because the water will<br \/>\nenter the cell due to osmosis. But the cell wall present outside the cell provides it rigidity and does not let any harm to occur.<br \/>\nWhereas, in RBC the movement of water inside the cell due to osmosis will lead to bursting of the cell because it does not have a rigid cell wall.<br \/>\nTherefore RBC will burst easily while onion cell peels will resist it to some extent.<\/p>\n<p>Question 2.<br \/>\nA person takes concentrated solution of salt, after sometime, he starts vomiting. What is the phenomenon responsible for such situation? Explain. [NCERT Exemplar]\nAnswer:<br \/>\nConcentrated salt solution is a hypertonic solution. This causes exosmosis in the cells of the alimentary tract. This further results into dehydration and irritation thus resulting in vomiting.<\/p>\n<p>Question 3.<br \/>\nWhere will you find more number of ribosomes-in cancer cells or in fat cells?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nRibosomes are found in greater number in actively dividing cells which are the cancer cells as they need more amount of proteins for the formation of new cells.<\/p>\n<p>Question 4.<br \/>\nA solution of 3% glucose and a solution of 8% glucose are kept in a trough separated by a semipermeable membrane. What will you observe after 1 hour?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nAfter 1 hour the solutions on both the sides of the semipermeable membrane will become isotonic because of the process of osmosis.<\/p>\n<p>Question 5.<br \/>\nWhat are the colours absorbed by plants? The green light of the sunlight is blocked. How will the photosynthesis be affected?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nPlants absorb all the colours in the spectrum. The plants reflect back the green light because of which they appear green in colour. Therefore, photosynthesis will not be affected if green light is blocked.<\/p>\n<p>Question 6.<br \/>\nWhy does the skin of your finger shrink when you wash clothes for a long time? [NCERT Exemplar]\nAnswer:<br \/>\nSoap solution is a hypertonic solution. When our fingers are in contact with it for a long time, water from epidermal cells of fingers diffuse out through the process of osmosis and the skin shrinks.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"More_Topics_Related_to_Class_9\"><\/span>More Topics Related to Class 9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 48px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-9\/\">NCERT Solutions for Class 9<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-books\/class-9\/\">NCERT Books for Class 9<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/extra-questions-for-class-9-maths-with-solutions-chapter-wise\/\">Extra Questions for Class 9 Maths with Solutions<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-9\/science\/\">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Science Chapter 5 Extra Questions for Class 9 Science Chapter 5 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"\"Get The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Science Chapter 5 on Infinity Learn.\"","custom_permalink":"study-materials\/class-9\/science\/the-fundamental-unit-of-life-class-9-extra-questions-science-chapter-5\/"},"categories":[93,116,21],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - 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