Very Short Answer Questions (VSA) 1 Mark<\/p>\n
Question 1. (2013)
\nWhat is the rearing of silk worms for the production of silk fibre known as?
\nAnswer:
\nSericulture<\/p>\n
Short Answer Questions (SA) 3 Marks<\/p>\n
Question 2.
\nWhat lessons were learnt from inter-war economic experiences by the economists and politicians during the Second World War? Describe. (2012)
\nAnswer:
\nEconomists and politicians learnt two key lessons from inter-war economic experiences during the Second World War:<\/p>\n
Question 3.
\nWhat role did the \u2018Silk route\u2019 play in linking distant parts of the world? (2013, 2014)
\nOr, \u201cThe silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modem trade and cultural links between distant parts of the world.\u201d Explain how.
\nAnswer:
\nThe routes on which cargoes carried Chinese silk to the west were known as \u2018Silk routes\u2019.
\n(i) Historians have discovered several silk routes over land and by sea, covering vast regions of Asia and connecting Asia with Europe and North Africa. Even pottery from China, textile and spices from India and South Asia also travelled the same route.<\/p>\n
(ii) In return, precious metals like gold and silver flowed from Europe to Asia. The traders along with trading items carried knowledge, ideas, values, skills, inventions, lifestyles, food habits, religious beliefs, etc.<\/p>\n
(iii) Culturally, Buddhism emerged from Eastern India and spread in several directions through the silk routes. Thus, silk route not only played a major role in linking distant parts of the world, but also promoted pre-modern trade and cultural links.<\/p>\n
Question 4.
\n\u201cThe new crops could make the difference between life and death\u201d. Explain the above statement in context of Irish Potato Famine. (2013)
\nAnswer:
\nSometimes the new crops could make the difference between life and death.
\nEurope\u2019s poor began to eat better and live longer with the introduction of the humble potato.<\/p>\n
Ireland\u2019s poorest peasants became so dependent on the potatoes that when disease destroyed the potato crop in the mid-1840s, hundreds of thousands died of starvation.<\/p>\n
Hungry children dug for potatoes in a field that had already been harvested, hoping to discover some leftovers.
\nDuring the Great Irish Potato Famine around ten lakh people died of starvation in Ireland and double the number emigrated in search of work.<\/p>\n
Question 5.
\n\u2018Many a times introduction of new crops make the difference between life and death\/ Explain the statement with the example of introduction of potato crop in Europe. 2012
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n
Question 6.
\nWhat were the IMF and the World Bank designed for? What made them shift their attention towards developing countries? (2015)
\nAnswer:
\nThe IMF and the World Bank were designed to meet the financial requirements of industrial countries. They were known as the Bretton Woods Twins. They were not equipped to deal with the challenges of poverty and lack of development in the former colonies. Fortunately, Europe and Japan rapidly rebuilt their economies and grew less dependent on the IMF and the World Bank.<\/p>\n
As a result, IMF and the World Bank began to shift their attention more towards developing countries. The major challenge before the newly independent and developing countries was to help the majority of the people to come out of the severe poverty. Even after many years of decolonisation, the former colonial powers still controlled vital resources such as minerals and land in some of their colonies. Even the US also often enjoyed the rights to exploit natural resources of the developing countries very cheaply.<\/p>\n
The formation of the group of 77 developing countries (G-77) helped these countries to demand a New International Economic Order (NIEO) that would give them real control over their natural resources, more development assistance, fairer prices for raw materials and better access for their manufactured goods in developed countries\u2019 markets.<\/p>\n
Question 7.
\nWhat steps were taken by economists and politicians of the world to meet the global economic crisis that arose after World War II? (2012)
\nAnswer:
\nThe Second World War caused an immense amount of economic devastation and social disruption. To preserve economic stability and full employment in the industrial world a Conference was held in 1944 at Bretton Woods, USA. The Bretton Woods Conference established the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (Popularly known as World Bank) to deal with external surpluses and deficits of its member nations and to finance post-war reconstruction.<\/p>\n
The post-war international economic system is also often described as the Bretton Woods System. The Bretton Woods System was based on fixed exchange rates. In this system, national currencies were pledged to the dollar at a fixed exchange rate. The dollar itself was anchored to gold at a fixed price of $35 per ounce of gold.<\/p>\n
The IMF and the World Bank were designed to meet the financial needs of the industrial countries. But as Europe and Japan rapidly rebuilt their economies, they grew less dependent on the IMF and the World Bank. Thus from the late 1950s the Bretton Woods institutions began to shift their attention more towards developing countries. The developing countries which were former colonies came under the guidance of international agencies dominated by the former colonial powers.<\/p>\n
Question 8.
\nExplain the causes of the Great Depression in the US between 1929-30. (2012)
\nAnswer:
\nThere were several factors that had caused the \u2018Depression\u2019. Some of those were as follows:
\n(i) Agricultural Overproduction. Agricultural overproduction remained a problem. Falling of agricultural prices had made it even worse. As the prices fell, the agricultural income declined. To meet this situation, farmers brought larger volume of produce to the market to maintain their small income. The excessive supply couldn\u2019t be sold due to lack of buyers and farm produce rotted.<\/p>\n
(ii) US Loan Crisis. In the mid-1920s, many countries financed their investments through loans from the US. The overseas lenders panicked at the first sign of trouble. Countries that depended crucially on US loans faced an acute crisis due to the withdrawal of US loAnswer: It led to the failure of major banks and collapse of currencies such as the British pound sterling. In Latin America and elsewhere, it intensified the decline of agricultural and raw material prices. By doubling import duties, US gave another severe blow to world trade.<\/p>\n
Question 9.
\nDescribe the effect of the Great Depression on the world? Who were the worst affected by this depression? (2013, 2015)
\nAnswer:
\nThe Great Depression began around 1929 and lasted till the mid-1930s. During this period, there were catastrophic declines in production, employment, incomes and trade. Agricultural regions and communities were worst affected due to the great fall of agricultural prices.<\/p>\n
In the US, farmers could not sell their harvests, households were ruined and businesses collapsed. Many households in the US could not repay their loans due to fall in their income and were forced to give up their homes, cars and other consumer durables. Unemployment increased rapidly and people had to travel long distances in search of work.<\/p>\n
The Great Depression\u2019s wider effects on society, politics and international relations and on peoples needs proved more enduring. The Depression immediately affected Indian trade. India\u2019s exports and imports halved between 1928 and 1934.<\/p>\n
Peasants and farmers suffered more than urban dwellers. Though argicultural prices fell sharply, the colonial government refused to reduce revenue demands. Peasants producing for the world market were the worst hit. Across India, peasants indebtedness increased.<\/p>\n
Question 10.
\n\u201cThe relocation of industry to low-wage countries stimulated world trade and capital flows.\u201d Justify the statement. (2014)
\nAnswer:
\nThe industrial world was hit by unemployment that began rising from the mid 1970s and remained till 1990s. From the late 1970s, MNCs began to shift production operations to low-wage Asian countries. New Economic policies in China and collapse of the Soviet Union and communication in Eastern Europe brought many countries back into the world economy.<\/p>\n
Wages were relatively low in countries like China. The became attractive destinations for investments by foreign MNCs competing to capture world market.<\/p>\n
Thus the relocation of industry to low-wage countries stimulated world trade and capital flow.<\/p>\n
Question 11.
\nWhy did the developing countries organize the G-77? Give three reasons. (2015)
\nAnswer:
\n(i) The formation of the G-77 was a response to certain changes in the international financial system proposed by the Bretton Woods Conference. The IMF and the World Bank (Bretton Woods Twins) were designed to meet the financial requirements of industrial countries. Although there was unprecedented growth in the West and Japan, nothing was done about the poverty and lack of development in the countries which were earlier colonies.<\/p>\n
(ii) The developing countries did not benefit from the fast growth the western economies experienced under the guidance of the World Bank and the IMF. Thus, there arose a need for the developing nations to organise themselves into the G-77 group to demand a New International Economic Order.<\/p>\n
(iii) The formation of the New International Economic Order (NIEO) meant a system that would give them real control over their natural resources, more development assistance, fairer prices for raw materials and better access for their manufactured goods in developed countries\u2019 markets.<\/p>\n
Question 12.
\n\u201cThe pre-modem world changed with the discovery of new sea routes to America. \u201cGive any three suitable examples to explain the statement. (2015)
\nAnswer:
\nChristopher Columbus discovered the vast continent that later came to be known as America. With the discovery of America, started the cultural exchange with the original inhabitants of a vast continent.<\/p>\n
Question 13.
\n\u2018Trade flourished and markets expanded in the late 19th century, but there was a darker side to this process\u2019. Substantiate. (2015)
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n
Question 14.
\nExplain the impact of the First World War on Britain\u2019s economy. (2013)
\nAnswer:
\nBritain, world\u2019s leading economy in the pre-war period, faced a prolonged crisis:<\/p>\n
Question 15.
\nWhat attracted the Europeans to Africa? Give any three reasons. (2015, 2014, 2012)
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n
Question 16.
\nDescribe the effect of the Great Depression on the world? Who were the worst affected by this depression? (2017 D)
\nAnswer:
\nThe Great Depression began around 1929 and lasted till the mid-1930s. During this period, there were catastrophic declines in production, employment, incomes and trade. Agricultural regions and communities were worst affected due to the great fall of agricultural prices.<\/p>\n
In the US, farmers could not sell their harvests, households were ruined and businesses collapsed. Many households in the US could not repay their loans due to fall in their income and were forced to give up their homes, cars and other consumer durables. Unemployment increased rapidly and people had to travel long distances in search of work.<\/p>\n
The Great Depression\u2019s wider effects on society, politics and international relations and on peoples needs proved more enduring. The Depression immediately affected Indian trade. Indian exports and imports halved between 1928 and 1934.<\/p>\n
Peasants and farmers suffered more than urban dwellers. Though agricultural prices fell sharply, the colonial government refused to reduce revenue demands. Peasants producing for the world market were the worst hit. Across India, peasants indebtedness increased.<\/p>\n
Question 17.
\n\u201cThe new crops could make the difference between life and death\u201d. Explain the above statement in context of Irish Potato Famine. (2017 OD)
\nSometimes the new crops could make the difference between life and death.
\nAnswer:
\nEurope\u2019s poor began to eat better and live longer with the introduction of the humble potato.
\nIreland\u2019s poorest peasants became so dependent on the potatoes that when disease destroyed the potato crop in the mid-1840s, hundreds of thousands died of starvation.<\/p>\n
Hungry children digged for potatoes in a field that had already been harvested, hoping to discover some leftovers.
\nDuring the Great Irish Potato Famine, around ten lakh people died of starvation in Ireland and double the number emigrated in search of work.<\/p>\n
Long Answer Questions (LA) 5 Marks<\/p>\n
Question 18.
\nWhat are indentured labourers? How were they recruited? Explain the condition of the indentured labourers who went to work in different parts of the world. (2012)
\nAnswer:
\nIndentured labour was a practice introduced by the British in the nineteenth century. Indentured labour refers to bonded labour under contract. The labourer works for an employer for a specified period of time. In the 19th century hundreds of thousands of Indian and Chinese labourers went to work on plantations, in mines and in road and railway construction projects around the world.<\/p>\n
Condition of Indentured Labour. Many migrants agreed to take up work to escape poverty and oppression in their home villages.<\/p>\n
Most indentured labour gradually found that their economic and social positions were not inferior to but often better off than their own country.<\/p>\n
Question 19.
\nDescribe the factors that led to the end of the Bretton Woods system and the beginning of Globalisation. (2013)
\nAnswer:
\nMost of the developing countries could not benefit from the fast growth of western economies. Therefore, they organised themselves as a group of 77 (G-77) and demanded a New International Economic Order (NIEO). NIEO meant a system that would give them control over their own natural resources, more development assistance, fairer prices for raw materials and better access for their manufactured goods in developed markets.<\/p>\n
From the mid-1970s, the international financial system changed in an important way. Developing countries could no longer turn to international institutions for loans.<\/p>\n
They were now forced to borrow from western commercial banks and private lending institutions. This led to debt crisis in the developing world.<\/p>\n
The industrial world was also hit by unemployment and MNCs began to shift production operations to low wage Asian countries. Countries like China became attractive destinations for investment by foreign MNCs competing to capture the world market. This stimulated world trade and capital flows and led to the beginning of globalisation.<\/p>\n
Question 20.
\nWhy have the historians described the 19th century indenture as a \u2018new system of slavery\u2019? Explain any five reasons. (2013)
\nAnswer:
\nIndentured labour is a bonded labourer under contract to work for an employer for a specific amount of time, to pay for his passage to a new country or home.
\nReasons why it can be described as new system of slavery:<\/p>\n
Question 21.
\nDescribe any five effects of the abolition of \u2018Corn Laws\u2019 in Britain. (2014)
\nAnswer:
\nWith the population growth and the expansion of urban sector and industry the demand for agricultural products went up, pushing up prices of food grain. Under pressure from landed groups, the Government also restricted the import of com. The laws allowing the Government to do this were commonly known as Com Laws. Unhappy with high food prices, the industrialists and urban dwellers forced the abolition of Com Laws.<\/p>\n
Effect: Abolition of Corn Laws allowed the merchants in England to import foodgrains from abroad at lower costs.
\nThe major effects of this were:<\/p>\n
Social Science Class 10 Important Questions History Chapter 4 The Making of a Global World Very Short Answer Questions (VSA) […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"\"Get Social Science Class 10 Important Questions History Chapter 4 The Making of a Global World on Infinity learn\"","custom_permalink":"important-question\/class-10\/sst\/social-science-class-10-important-questions-history-chapter-4-the-making-of-a-global-world\/"},"categories":[93,117,21],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n