{"id":32223,"date":"2022-01-17T19:56:04","date_gmt":"2022-01-17T14:26:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/?p=32223"},"modified":"2022-01-18T11:19:29","modified_gmt":"2022-01-18T05:49:29","slug":"class-11-geography-notes-chapter-7-natural-hazards-and-disasters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/class-11\/geography-notes\/chapter-7-natural-hazards-and-disasters\/","title":{"rendered":"Class 11 Geography Notes Chapter 7 Natural Hazards and Disasters"},"content":{"rendered":"

Disaster is an undesirable occurrence resulting from forces that are largely outside human control, strikes quickly with little or no warning, which causes or threatens serious disruption of life and property including death and injury to a large number of people, and requires therefore, mobilisation of efforts in excess of that which are normally provided by statutory emergency services.<\/p>\n

Change is the law of nature. It is a process present everywhere with variations in terms of magnitude, intensity and scale. Change can be as sudden and swift as volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, earthquakes and lightening, etc.<\/p>\n

Disasters are also caused by some human activities. There are some activities carried by human beings that are directly responsible for disasters. Bhopal Gas tragedy, Chernobyl nuclear disaster, wars, release of CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) and increase of green house gases, environmental pollutions like noise, air, water and soil are some of the examples.<\/p>\n

Establishment of National Institute of Disaster Management, India, Earth Summit at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1993 and the World Conference on Disaster Management in May 1994 at Yokohama, Japan, etc. are some of the concrete steps towards disaster management initiated at different levels.
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\nGeological Survey of India, Department of Meteorology, Government of India, along with the recently formed National Institute of Disaster Management, have divided India into the following five earthquake zones:
\n(i) Very high damage risk zone
\n(ii) High damage risk zone
\n(,iii) Moderate damage risk zone
\n(iv) Low damage risk zone
\n(v) Very low damage risk zone.
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\nDisaster Management issue was raised at the U.N. General Assembly in 1989 and it was finally formalised at the World Conference on Disaster Management in May 1994 at Yokohama, Japan. This was subsequently called the Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action for a Safer World.<\/p>\n

Cyclones originate between 10\u00b0-15\u00b0 north latitudes during the monsoon season. In Bay of Bengal, cyclones mostly develop during the months of October and November. Here, they originate between 16\u00b0-2\u00b0 N latitudes and to the west of 92\u00b0 E. By July, the place of origin of these storms shifts to around 18\u00b0 N latitude and west of 90\u00b0E near the Sunderban Delta.<\/p>\n

Floods occur commonly when water in the form of surface run-off exceeds the carrying capacity of the river channels and streams and flows into the neighbouring low-lying flood plains.<\/p>\n

Various states of India face heavy loss of lives and property due to recurrent floods. Rashtriya Barh Ayog (National Flood Commission) identified 40 million hectares of land as flood-prone in India.<\/p>\n

According to some estimates, nearly 19 per cent of the total geographical area of the country and 12 per cent of its total population suffer due to drought every year. About 30 per cent of the country\u2019s total area is identified as drought prone affecting around 50 million people.<\/p>\n

On the basis of severity of droughts, India can be divided into the following regions:
\n(i) Extreme Drought Affected Areas
\n(ii) Severe Drought Prone Area
\n(Hi) Moderate Drought Affected Area
\nDifferent natural calamities, their causes and measures to reduce their impact
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Class 11 Geography Notes Chapter 7 Important Terms:<\/h3>\n