{"id":3804,"date":"2021-12-29T14:53:27","date_gmt":"2021-12-29T09:23:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/?p=3804"},"modified":"2025-07-31T17:04:43","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T11:34:43","slug":"study-materials-ncert-solutions-class-9-social-science-economics-chapter-3-poverty-as-a-challenge","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-9\/social-science\/economics\/chapter-3\/poverty-as-a-challenge\/","title":{"rendered":"NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Social Science Chapter 3: Poverty as a Challenge"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_37 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' style='display:block'><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-9\/social-science\/economics\/chapter-3\/poverty-as-a-challenge\/#NCERT_Book_Solutions_for_Class_9_Economics_Chapter_3_-_CBSE_Free_PDF_Download\" title=\"NCERT Book Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 3 \u2013 CBSE Free PDF Download\">NCERT Book Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 3 \u2013 CBSE Free PDF Download<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-9\/social-science\/economics\/chapter-3\/poverty-as-a-challenge\/#NCERT_Solutions_for_Class_9_All_Subjects\" title=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 9 All Subjects\">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 All Subjects<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NCERT_Book_Solutions_for_Class_9_Economics_Chapter_3_-_CBSE_Free_PDF_Download\"><\/span>NCERT Book Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 3 \u2013 CBSE Free PDF Download<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Economics Chapter 3 \u2013 Poverty as a Challenge contains precise solutions that will assist students in completing their homework and studying for the CBSE Term II exams. It guarantees that you have all of the knowledge you need on all subjects covered in the chapter. Class 9 is crucial since it lays the foundation for student&#8217;s future academic years. Class 9 pupils will benefit from the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">NCERT Solutions<\/span><\/b><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> to the exercises, which will help them acquire the talent of writing good responses. Infinity Learn answers cover all of these ideas and provide extensive explanations. Students are encouraged to practice the solutions supplied in the PDF, which will assist them in grasping the basic principles presented in this chapter.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NCERT_Solutions_for_Class_9_All_Subjects\"><\/span>NCERT Solutions for Class 9 All Subjects<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-9\/maths\/\"><strong>NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-9\/science\/\">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-9\/social-science\/\">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-9\/english\/\">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><\/b><strong>1. Describe how the poverty line is estimated in India?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Expenditure method :<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ans. <\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\">\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Under the expenditure method, the minimum nutritional food requirement for survival is estimated.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">The total minimum food requirement is first measured in calories.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">The calories are then converted into a money value, i.e., rupees.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<li>A minimum<span data-contrast=\"none\"> amount required for clothes and other requirements is added to the money value of food.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">This total amount is considered the poverty line.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">All the families which spend less than the poverty line are considered Below the Poverty Line families.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">In India, the daily minimum nutritional requirement for a person has been fixed at 2400 calories in rural areas and 2100 calories in urban areas.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Income Method :<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">i)<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Under the income method, for the year 2011-12, the poverty line for a person was fixed atRs816 per month for the rural areas and Rs 1000 for the urban areas. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">ii)<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">In this way, in 2011-12, a family of five members living in rural areas and earning less than aboutRs4,080 per month will be below the poverty line. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">iii)<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">A similar family in the urban areas would need a minimum of Rs 5,000 per month to meet their basic requirements. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">iv)<\/span> This method<span data-contrast=\"none\"> distributes food at subsidized prices through Public Distribution System (PDS).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Also Check: <a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-9\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">2. Do you think the present poverty estimation methodology is appropriate?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ans. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">No, the present methodology of poverty estimation is inappropriate because it takes into account only the basic needs of food, clothing, fuel, etc. But the quality of these necessities is the lowest quality available, which is not appropriate. \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u202fThe fixed amount as the poverty line does not include the margin for price fluctuations and price rise, which is constantly occurring. \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f \u202f\u202f\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:567,&quot;335559738&quot;:56,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:567,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">The poverty line should include some correction for inflation and take care of the market fluctuations.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:567,&quot;335559738&quot;:56,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:567,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">3. Describe poverty trends in India since 1973?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ans. There was a substantial decline in poverty ratios in India from about\u202f<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">55% in 1973 to 36% in 1993<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">The proportion of people below the poverty line further came down to about 26 % in 2000. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:567,&quot;335559738&quot;:56,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:567,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">If the trend continues, people below the poverty line may come down to less than 20 % in the next few years.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:567,&quot;335559738&quot;:56,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:567,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">4. Discuss the primary reasons for poverty in India?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Ans.<\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">i)<\/span> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">British Rule: <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Britishersruled India for more than 100 years. Before British rule, traditional industries, for instance, textiles, flourished in India. During British rule, the government adopted policies to discourage such industries. This left millions of weavers poor. Even after fifty years of independent India, we can find a major section of the people engaged in handicraft industries as downtrodden.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">ii)<\/span> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Lack of industrialization: <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">India is very backward from the industrial point of view. Hardly 3 percent of the total working population is engaged in the large-scale industry.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">iii)<\/span> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Over-dependence on agriculture:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Even after more than 60 years of independence, more than 60 percent of our total population still depends on agriculture for its livelihood. Due to a shortage of inputs, our agriculture is backward.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">iv)<\/span> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Inflationarypressure: <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Upward trend in prices adversely affects the poor sections of the society.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">v)<\/span> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Unemployment: <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Due to a lack of job opportunities, more than 90 lakhs of our total workforce is unemployed.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Also Check: <a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-9\/social-science\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">5. Give an account of interstate disparities of poverty in India.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">A. Poverty in India also has another aspect or dimension. The proportion of poor people is not the same in every state. The success rate of reducing poverty varies from state to state. Recent estimates show while all of India&#8217;s HCR(Head Count Ratio) was 21.9 percent in 2011-12 states like Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Odisha had above India&#8217;s poverty level.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:567,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:567,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\">\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Bihar and Orissa continue to be the two poorest states, with poverty ratios of 33.7 and 32.6 percent, respectively. Along with rural poverty, urban poverty is also high in Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">There has been a significant decline in poverty in Kerala, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and West Bengal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">States like Punjab and Haryana have traditionally succeeded in reducing poverty with the help of high agricultural growth rates. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<li>In comparison<span data-contrast=\"none\">, Kerala has focused more on human resource development.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">In West Bengal, land reform measures have helped in reducing poverty. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">In Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, public distribution of food grains could have been responsible for the improvement.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>You can also access free <a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/cbse-notes-class-9\/\">CBSE Notes Class 9<\/a>  and  <a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-9\/social-science-history\/\">NCERT Solutions class 9 Social Science History<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">6. Describe global poverty trends.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">A. i)<\/span> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fall in global poverty: <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">The World Bank defines poverty as living on less than $ 1.90 per day. There has been a substantial reduction in global poverty. It has fallen from 36 percent in 1990 to 10 percent in 2015.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">ii)<\/span> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Regionalvariations: <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Though the global poverty is reducing but with vast regional variations. Poverty has declined substantially in China and Southeast Asian countries due to rapid economic growth and massive investments in human resource development. But the pace of reduction of poverty in South Asian countries is very slow.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">iii)<\/span> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Poverty in India:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Poverty in India has also declined, but the pace of reduction is very slow. According to World Bank&#8217;s definition, 21.2% of the total population still lived below the poverty line in 2011.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">iv)<\/span> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Poverty in Sub-Sahara Africa: <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Sub-Sahara includes Algeria. Libya. Niger. Chad, etc. In Sub-Saharan Africa, poverty declined from 51 percent in 2005 to 41 percent in 2015.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">v)<\/span> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Poverty in SouthAmerica:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> In Latin America, the poverty ratio has also declined from 10% in 2005 to 4% in 2015.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">vi)<\/span> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Poverty in Russia: Poverty<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> has resurfaced in some former socialist countries like  Russia, where officially, it was non-existent earlier. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">vii)<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">The new Sustainable development goals of the United Nations (UN) propose ending poverty by 2030.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Also Check: <a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-9\/social-science-economics\/chapter-4-food-security-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NCERT Solutions for Economics Chapter 4<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">7. Describe the current government strategy for poverty alleviation?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">A. The government has launched various poverty alleviation schemes to control poverty. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">i)<\/span><\/b> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)2005<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">: Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 aims to provide 100 days of wage employment to every household to ensure livelihood security in rural areas. It also aimed at sustainable development to address the cause of drought,  deforestation, and soil erosion. One-third of the proposed jobs have been reserved for women. The scheme employed 220 crores person-days of employment to 4.78 crores. The share of SC, ST, and Women person-days in the scheme is 23 percent, 17 percent, and 53 percent. The average wage has increased from 65 in 2006 -07 to 132 in 2013-14.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559738&quot;:28,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">ii)<\/span> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Prime MinisterRozgarYojana (PMRY)<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> started in 1993. The program aims to create self-employment opportunities for the educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns. They are helped in setting up small businesses and industries.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559738&quot;:28,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">iii)<\/span> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP)<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> was launched in 1995. The program aims to create self-employment opportunities in rural areas and small towns. A target for creating 25 lakh new jobs has been set for the program under the Tenth Five Year Plan.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559738&quot;:28,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">iv)<\/span> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">SwarnajayantiGramSwarozgar Yojana (SGSY):<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> It was launched in 1999. The program aims at bringing the assisted low-income families above the poverty line by organizing them into self-help groups through a mix of bank credit and government subsidies. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559738&quot;:28,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">v)<\/span> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">PradhanMantriGramodaya Yojana (PMGY):<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> It was launched in 2000. additional central assistance is given to states for basic services such as primary health, primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water, and rural electrification.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559738&quot;:28,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">8. Answer the following questions briefly<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(i)<\/span><\/b> <b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What do you understand by human poverty?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:567,&quot;335559738&quot;:56,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:567,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">A. Human poverty is a broader concept of poverty. Along with food, it also includes other necessities of life like education, shelter, and health care. Job. Security, social equality, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(ii)<\/span><\/b> <b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Who are the poorest of the poor?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:567,&quot;335559738&quot;:56,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:567,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">A. Apart from the social groups, there is also inequality of incomes within a family. In low-income families, all suffer, but some suffer more than others. Women, elderly people, and female infants are systematically denied equal access to resources available to the family. Therefore, women, children (especially the girl child), and old people are the poorest of the poor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(iii)<\/span><\/b> <b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What are the main features of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:567,&quot;335559738&quot;:56,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:567,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">A. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 aims to provide 100 days of wage employment to every household to ensure livelihood security in rural areas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Its main features are :<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:567,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:567,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">A. i)<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">Indian labour law and social security measures guarantee the &#8216;right to work.&#8217; <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">ii)<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">It aims to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">iii)<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">It also aimed at sustainable development to address the cause of drought, deforestation, and soil erosion. One-third of the proposed jobs have been reserved for women.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559738&quot;:28,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">iv)<\/span> The scheme<span data-contrast=\"none\"> employed 220crores person-days of employment to 4.78 crore  <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:1134,&quot;335559738&quot;:28,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:288,&quot;335559991&quot;:1134,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567,1134],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1,1]}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">v)<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">The share of SC, ST, and Women&#8217;s person-days in the scheme are 23 percent, 17 percent, and 53 percent. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">vi)<\/span> The average<span data-contrast=\"none\"> wage has increased from 65 in 2006-07 to 132 in 2013-14.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Poverty as a Problem Summary<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In this chapter, students will learn about one of the most significant issues independent India has faced: poverty. This chapter also covers a case of poverty in both the city and the country. Poverty as a Challenge, Chapter 3 of the Class 9 Economics books, also discusses:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Poverty Estimate<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Global Poverty Scenario <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Interstate Disparities <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Poverty Line<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Poverty causes <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Anti-poverty methods<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The chapter also discusses how poverty is measured in the country and global trends in poverty.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Economics is an important book for Social Science students in Class 9. Apart from this chapter, the linked article contains the entire set of <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 3 Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">According to Chapter 3 of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics, which groups in India are the most vulnerable to poverty?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">According to Chapter 3 of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics, the following groups are the most vulnerable to poverty in India:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Social groups:<\/span><\/b>\n<ol>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Households of Scheduled Castes<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Households of Scheduled Tribes<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Economic groups: <\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a) Rural Agricultural Labor Households<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">b) Urban Casual Labour Households.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What are the main points covered in Chapter 3 of the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics textbook?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The following are the main themes covered in Chapter 3 of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> The Poverty Level<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Estimate of Poverty<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> The scenario of Global Poverty <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Disparities between states<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> The Roots of Poverty<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Anti-poverty initiatives<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Why should I choose INFINITY LEARN&#8217;S NCERT Solutions for Economics Chapter 3 in Class 9?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">INFINITY LEARN&#8217;S subject experts have produced chapter-by-chapter and book-by-book solutions to help students prepare for the CBSE Term II test. All of the solutions have been carefully crafted with the understanding skills of class 9 kids in mind. Furthermore, the solutions are provided straightforwardly and comprehensively to explain hard concepts, enhancing student confidence. The solutions are accessible in PDF format, which can be downloaded for free to allow students to learn without time limits.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NCERT Book Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 3 \u2013 CBSE Free PDF Download Economics Chapter 3 \u2013 Poverty as [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"class 9 economics chapter 3 questions and answers","_yoast_wpseo_title":"NCERT Book Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 3 Free PDF Download","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Get NCERT Book Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 3 \u2013 CBSE Term II Free PDF Download at infinity 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