{"id":51329,"date":"2022-01-18T10:30:39","date_gmt":"2022-01-18T05:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/?p=51329"},"modified":"2025-07-31T17:41:33","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T12:11:33","slug":"ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-chapter-11-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-11-2-tools-of-recombinant-dna-technology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-11-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-11-2-tools-of-recombinant-dna-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles and Processes 11.2 Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_37 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' style='display:block'><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-11-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-11-2-tools-of-recombinant-dna-technology\/#NCERT_Solutions_for_Class_12_Biology_Chapter_11_Biotechnology_Principles_Topic-_Tools_of_Recombinant_DNA_Technology\" title=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles Topic- Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology\">NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles Topic- Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-11-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-11-2-tools-of-recombinant-dna-technology\/#Overview_of_Topic\" title=\"Overview of Topic\">Overview of Topic<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-11-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-11-2-tools-of-recombinant-dna-technology\/#Tools_of_Recombinant_Technology\" title=\"Tools of Recombinant Technology\">Tools of Recombinant Technology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-11-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-11-2-tools-of-recombinant-dna-technology\/#Process_of_Recombinant_DNA_Technology\" title=\"Process of Recombinant DNA Technology\">Process of Recombinant DNA Technology<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-11-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-11-2-tools-of-recombinant-dna-technology\/#Importance_of_NCERT_Solutions\" title=\"Importance of NCERT Solutions\">Importance of NCERT Solutions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-11-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-11-2-tools-of-recombinant-dna-technology\/#Quality_of_SolutionsPrepared_by_Expert_Teachers\" title=\"Quality of Solutions\/Prepared by Expert Teachers\">Quality of Solutions\/Prepared by Expert Teachers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-11-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-11-2-tools-of-recombinant-dna-technology\/#Helps_in_Scoring_high_Marks\" title=\"Helps in Scoring high Marks\">Helps in Scoring high Marks<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-11-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-11-2-tools-of-recombinant-dna-technology\/#FAQs_on_NCERT_Solutions_for_Class_12_Biology_Chapter_11_Biotechnology_Principles_and_Processes_112_Tools_of_Recombinant_DNA_Technology\" title=\"FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles and Processes 11.2 Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology\">FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles and Processes 11.2 Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-11-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-11-2-tools-of-recombinant-dna-technology\/#Explain_PCR\" title=\"Explain PCR?\">Explain PCR?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-11-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-11-2-tools-of-recombinant-dna-technology\/#What_is_the_Principle_of_Recombinant_DNA_Technology\" title=\"What is the Principle of Recombinant DNA Technology?\">What is the Principle of Recombinant DNA Technology?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\/chapter-11-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-11-2-tools-of-recombinant-dna-technology\/#When_was_this_technology_discovered_and_how\" title=\"When was this technology discovered and how?\">When was this technology discovered and how?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NCERT_Solutions_for_Class_12_Biology_Chapter_11_Biotechnology_Principles_Topic-_Tools_of_Recombinant_DNA_Technology\"><\/span>NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles Topic- Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Topic- Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology and all chapter Topics produced by qualified teachers according to NCERT (CBSE) book rules are available as a free PDF download. <strong>Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Topic- Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology<\/strong> Questions with Solutions to assist you in revising the entire syllabus and achieving higher grades. Register to receive all exercise solutions through email.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overview_of_Topic\"><\/span>Overview of Topic<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The process of creating artificial <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/articles\/dna\/\">DNA<\/a><\/strong> by mixing genetic material from various sources is known as Recombinant DNA Technology, or genetic engineering. This technology began when Swiss microbiologist Werner Arber discovered restriction enzymes in 1968.<\/p>\n<p>Incorporating a desired gene into a host&#8217;s genome isn&#8217;t straightforward. It involves picking the gene to use, selecting a suitable vector to integrate it into, and forming recombinant DNA. After that, the recombinant DNA needs to be introduced into the host, maintained, and passed on to offspring.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tools_of_Recombinant_Technology\"><\/span>Tools of Recombinant Technology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Enzymes<\/a><\/strong> like restriction enzymes cut DNA, polymerases build it, and ligases join it. In genetic engineering, restriction enzymes are crucial for placing genes into DNA strands. They come in two types: Endonucleases cut within the strand, while Exonucleases trim the ends. These enzymes precisely cut DNA at specific points, creating sticky ends that make binding easier for ligases.<\/p>\n<p>Vectors, like plasmids and bacteriophages, carry and integrate genes. They&#8217;re essential in genetic engineering as they transport genes into host organisms. Vectors consist of an origin of replication, a selectable marker for resistance to antibiotics, and cloning sites for gene insertion.<\/p>\n<p>The host organism receives the engineered vector with the desired DNA, facilitated by enzymes. There are various methods for inserting recombinant DNAs into hosts, such as microinjection, biolistics (using a gene gun), and temperature changes with calcium ions.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\"> <button class=\"btn btn-primary\" style=\"width: 100%; cursor: pointer;\" type=\"button\">NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology<\/button> <\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Process_of_Recombinant_DNA_Technology\"><\/span>Process of Recombinant DNA Technology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The whole process of recombinant DNA technology involves several steps carried out in a specific order to create the desired product.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Step 1: Extracting Genetic Material<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Initially, the target DNA is separated from other substances to obtain it in its pure form.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Step 2: Cutting the Gene at Specific Sites<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Special enzymes, called restriction enzymes, are used to cut the gene at specific spots. These cuts are crucial for inserting the gene into another DNA.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Step 3: Making Copies of the Gene with PCR<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The gene of interest is amplified using a method called <strong>Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)<\/strong>, which creates numerous copies of the gene from just one original piece.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Step 4: Joining DNA Fragments Together<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The cut DNA fragment and a carrier molecule, called a vector, are connected using an enzyme called DNA ligase.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Step 5: Putting Recombinant DNA into Host Cells<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The modified DNA is inserted into host cells in a process called transformation. Inside the host cell, the DNA multiplies and produces the desired protein.<\/p>\n<p>Various methods mentioned in the tools of recombinant DNA technology can achieve this transformation effectively. The modified genes are passed on to offspring through successfully transformed cells\/organisms.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance_of_NCERT_Solutions\"><\/span>Importance of NCERT Solutions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The National Council for Educational Research and Training (NCERT) is a body charged with establishing norms and standards aimed at making education more accessible to all students across the country. INFINITY learns to customize and release its content based on these concepts, which you as a student can benefit from. Math is a subject that can only be mastered by consistent practice. INFINITY learns the main goal is to assist students to understand the factors that influence their ability to answer arithmetic problems efficiently. Class 12 Chapter 11. As a result, the solutions will assist you in better comprehending the chapter on Functions. As a result, you will gain confidence and, as a result, your grades will increase in the long run.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quality_of_SolutionsPrepared_by_Expert_Teachers\"><\/span>Quality of Solutions\/Prepared by Expert Teachers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>All of the solutions in INFINITY learn Chapter 11 Class 12 Biology are 110 percent genuine since different approaches to answering a problem have been indicated. Our organization exclusively hires teachers who are both highly experienced and possess the necessary mathematics skills. Similarly, all of the solutions supplied are correct because they were developed under the supervision of experts.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Helps_in_Scoring_high_Marks\"><\/span>Helps in Scoring high Marks<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>If a student&#8217;s core understanding is solid, all of the related difficulties can be solved by using the fundamental notion. The solutions in Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 have been designed to cover all of the principles of functions. We make certain that you comprehend how each mathematical step is applied. Each problem has been meticulously examined in depth. As a result, make use of INFINITY learn&#8217;s online curriculum to improve your grades in the long run.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs_on_NCERT_Solutions_for_Class_12_Biology_Chapter_11_Biotechnology_Principles_and_Processes_112_Tools_of_Recombinant_DNA_Technology\"><\/span>FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles and Processes 11.2 Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Explain_PCR\"><\/span>Explain PCR?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPCR, short for Polymerase Chain Reaction, is a technique used to make many copies of a specific part of DNA. It works like a photocopier for DNA in a test tube, creating multiple copies of a DNA fragment or gene of interest.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_Principle_of_Recombinant_DNA_Technology\"><\/span>What is the Principle of Recombinant DNA Technology?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRecombinant DNA technology changes how an organism looks by using a transformed vector. This vector, like a tool, is put into the organism's genetic material. The process adds a new DNA with the gene we want into the host's genetic material. This special gene is called recombinant gene, and the whole process is called recombinant DNA technology. Doing this needs some basic tools. Adding the gene we want into the host's genetic material is hard. It requires putting the gene into the host with the help of a vector. This vector helps the gene fit into the host's genetic material, making the recombinant DNA. Then, this DNA is put into the host, where it stays and moves forward.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_was_this_technology_discovered_and_how\"><\/span>When was this technology discovered and how?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe structure of DNA was first found in 1869 by a Swiss scientist named Friedrich Miescher. He stumbled upon a molecule he called nuclein (DNA plus associated protein) while studying white blood cells. Later, in 1968, Swiss microbiologist Werner Arber discovered recombinant DNA technology, which involves restriction enzymes. Today, we often refer to this technology as Genetic Engineering in the scientific and biological fields.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n\t{\n\t\t\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n\t\t\"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n\t\t\"mainEntity\": [\n\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"Explain PCR?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"PCR, short for Polymerase Chain Reaction, is a technique used to make many copies of a specific part of DNA. It works like a photocopier for DNA in a test tube, creating multiple copies of a DNA fragment or gene of interest.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"What is the Principle of Recombinant DNA Technology?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"Recombinant DNA technology changes how an organism looks by using a transformed vector. This vector, like a tool, is put into the organism's genetic material. The process adds a new DNA with the gene we want into the host's genetic material. This special gene is called recombinant gene, and the whole process is called recombinant DNA technology. Doing this needs some basic tools. Adding the gene we want into the host's genetic material is hard. It requires putting the gene into the host with the help of a vector. This vector helps the gene fit into the host's genetic material, making the recombinant DNA. Then, this DNA is put into the host, where it stays and moves forward.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"When was this technology discovered and how?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"The structure of DNA was first found in 1869 by a Swiss scientist named Friedrich Miescher. He stumbled upon a molecule he called nuclein (DNA plus associated protein) while studying white blood cells. Later, in 1968, Swiss microbiologist Werner Arber discovered recombinant DNA technology, which involves restriction enzymes. Today, we often refer to this technology as Genetic Engineering in the scientific and biological fields.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t]\n\t}\n<\/script>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles Topic- Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology NCERT Solutions for Class [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"NCERT Solutions for class 12 Biology chapter 11 biotechnology principles and processes 11.2 tools of recombinant dna technology","_yoast_wpseo_title":"NCERT Class 12 Biology Ch. 11: Biotechnology Principles & Processes","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Explore NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 on Biotechnology Principles and Processes, focusing on 11.2: Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology with detailed 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