{"id":569780,"date":"2023-06-07T13:22:19","date_gmt":"2023-06-07T07:52:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/?p=569780"},"modified":"2024-10-30T14:42:32","modified_gmt":"2024-10-30T09:12:32","slug":"569780-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/resistance-formula","title":{"rendered":"Resistance Formula"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_37 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' style='display:block'><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/resistance-formula\/#Resistance_Definition\" title=\"Resistance Definition\">Resistance Definition<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/resistance-formula\/#Resistance_Formula\" title=\"Resistance Formula\">Resistance Formula<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/resistance-formula\/#Unit_of_Resistance\" title=\"Unit of Resistance\">Unit of Resistance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/resistance-formula\/#Factors_Affecting_Resistance\" title=\"Factors Affecting Resistance\">Factors Affecting Resistance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/resistance-formula\/#Resistors_in_Series\" title=\"Resistors in Series\">Resistors in Series<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/resistance-formula\/#Resistors_in_Parallel\" title=\"Resistors in Parallel\">Resistors in Parallel<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/resistance-formula\/#Solved_Examples_on_Resistance_Formula\" title=\"Solved Examples on Resistance Formula\">Solved Examples on Resistance Formula<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/resistance-formula\/#FAQs_on_Resistance_Formula\" title=\"FAQ&#8217;s on Resistance Formula\">FAQ&#8217;s on Resistance Formula<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/resistance-formula\/#What_is_resistance\" title=\"What is resistance? \">What is resistance? <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/resistance-formula\/#What_is_the_SI_unit_of_resistance\" title=\"What is the SI unit of resistance? \">What is the SI unit of resistance? <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/resistance-formula\/#What_is_Ohms_Law\" title=\"What is Ohm\u2019s Law? \">What is Ohm\u2019s Law? <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/resistance-formula\/#What_is_the_symbol_for_resistance\" title=\"What is the symbol for resistance? \">What is the symbol for resistance? <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/resistance-formula\/#How_can_resistance_be_measured\" title=\"How can resistance be measured? \">How can resistance be measured? <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/resistance-formula\/#How_is_resistance_related_to_current_and_voltage\" title=\"How is resistance related to current and voltage? \">How is resistance related to current and voltage? <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/resistance-formula\/#What_factors_affect_the_resistance_of_a_conductor\" title=\"What factors affect the resistance of a conductor? \">What factors affect the resistance of a conductor? <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/resistance-formula\/#How_does_the_length_of_a_conductor_affect_resistance\" title=\"How does the length of a conductor affect resistance? \">How does the length of a conductor affect resistance? <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/resistance-formula\/#How_does_the_cross-sectional_area_of_a_conductor_affect_resistance\" title=\"How does the cross-sectional area of a conductor affect resistance? \">How does the cross-sectional area of a conductor affect resistance? <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/resistance-formula\/#What_is_resistivity\" title=\"What is resistivity? \">What is resistivity? <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/resistance-formula\/#How_does_temperature_affect_resistance\" title=\"How does temperature affect resistance? \">How does temperature affect resistance? <\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>Resistance is a fundamental concept in physics that quantifies the opposition encountered by an electric current flowing through a conductor. It is denoted by the symbol &#8220;R&#8221; and is measured in ohms (\u03a9). The resistance of a conductor depends on its material, length, cross-sectional area, and temperature.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Resistance_Definition\"><\/span>Resistance Definition<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Resistance is a measure of the opposition to the flow of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/electric-current-formula\/\">electric current<\/a><\/strong> in a circuit. It is a property of a material or component that determines the amount of current that will flow through it for a given voltage.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Resistance_Formula\"><\/span>Resistance Formula<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/ohms-law-formula\">Ohm&#8217;s Law<\/a><\/strong> states that the current passing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it and inversely proportional to its resistance. Mathematically, Ohm&#8217;s Law can be expressed as:<\/p>\n<p>V = I x R<\/p>\n<p>Where:<\/p>\n<p>V represents the voltage across the conductor in volts (V).<\/p>\n<p>I represent the current flowing through the conductor in amperes (A).<\/p>\n<p>R represents the resistance of the conductor in ohms (\u03a9).<\/p>\n<p>Rearranging the <strong>resistance formula<\/strong>, we can solve for resistance:<\/p>\n<p>R = V \/ I<\/p>\n<p>The resistance formula shows that resistance is equal to the ratio of voltage to current. It indicates the amount of potential difference required to produce a certain current through a conductor. The higher the resistance, the greater the voltage needed to maintain a specific current.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Unit_of_Resistance\"><\/span>Unit of Resistance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The SI unit of resistance is the ohm (\u03a9). It is a derived unit that represents the ratio of voltage to current in an electrical circuit. One ohm is equal to one volt per ampere (V\/A), which means that a circuit has a resistance of one ohm if a voltage of one volt is applied across it and it allows a current of one ampere to flow.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Factors_Affecting_Resistance\"><\/span>Factors Affecting Resistance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Resistance depends on various factors. The resistivity of the material is a crucial property that determines the resistance. Materials with high resistivity, such as rubber or glass, have high resistance, while materials with low resistivity, such as copper or silver, have low resistance.<\/p>\n<p>The length and cross-sectional area of the conductor also affect resistance. Longer conductors have higher resistance, while wider or thicker conductors have lower resistance. This relationship is described by the <strong>resistance formula<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>R = (\u03c1 x L) \/ A<\/p>\n<p>Where:<\/p>\n<p>\u03c1 (rho) represents the resistivity of the material in ohm-meters (\u03a9\u00b7m).<\/p>\n<p>L represents the length of the conductor in meters (m).<\/p>\n<p>A represents the cross-sectional area of the conductor in square meters (m\u00b2).<\/p>\n<p>Temperature also plays a role in resistance. Most materials increase their resistance as temperature rises, although this effect varies among materials.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Resistors_in_Series\"><\/span>Resistors in Series<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Consider a simple circuit with three resistors R1, R2 and R3 connected in series along with an Ammeter and a plug key.<\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-569782\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Resistance-1.png\" alt=\"Resistor in Series\" width=\"400\" height=\"277\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Resistors in series<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Close the plug key and note down the Ammeter reading. Next, place the ammeter between the resistors R1 and R2, and then between R2 and R3 and note down the respective ammeter readings.<\/p>\n<p>From the readings recorded, we see that the current is the same in each reading. Let this current be \u2018I\u2019 ampere. So, in a series of combination of resistors, the current flowing is the same throughout the circuit.<\/p>\n<p>Now remove the ammeter and insert a voltmeter across the start of the first resistor and the end of the third resistor. Then plug the key and note the potential difference across the resistors. Let\u2019s say it\u2019s \u2018V\u2019 volts.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-569784\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Resistance-2.png\" alt=\"Resistance\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Disconnect the voltmeter and insert three voltmeters in the circuit, one across each of the resistors. Then plug the key and measure the potential difference across each of the resistors. You will notice that the potential difference across each of the resistors is different. Let\u2019s call them V1, V2, and V3 respectively.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-569785\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Resistance-3.png\" alt=\"Resistance in volts\" width=\"400\" height=\"274\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Even though the voltages are different, you will notice that the potential difference V is equal to the sum of the potential differences V1, V2, and V3.<\/p>\n<p>V = V1 + V2 + V3 &#8230; (1)<\/p>\n<p>Let the 3 resistors together form resistance of R ohms. Thus by Ohm\u2019s Law,<\/p>\n<p>V = IR &#8230; (2)<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, applying Ohm\u2019s law for each resistor,<\/p>\n<p>V1 = IR1 &#8230; (3)<\/p>\n<p>V2 = IR2 &#8230; (4)<\/p>\n<p>V3 = IR3 &#8230; (5)<\/p>\n<p>Now on substituting equations (2), (3), (4), and (5) in equation (1), IR = IR1 + IR2 + IR3<\/p>\n<p>\u2234 Rs = R1 + R2 + R3<\/p>\n<p>Thus, when two or more resistors are connected in series, then the overall combined resistance, denoted by \u2018Rs\u2019, is the sum of the individual resistances.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Resistors_in_Parallel\"><\/span>Resistors in Parallel<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Consider a simple circuit with three resistors R1, R2 and R3, an <strong>Ammeter <\/strong>and a plug key. In this circuit, we have 3 resistors of different values connected in parallel since all the resistors have common start and endpoints. Let the points be X and Y.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-569786\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Resistance-4.png\" alt=\"Resistors in Parallel\" width=\"400\" height=\"323\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Resistors in parallel<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The potential difference is always measured between two points. If the two points are common, it means the potential difference across each of the resistors will be the same.<\/p>\n<p>The points X and Y are common for each of the resistors and also for the battery. So, if the potential difference across the battery is \u2018V\u2019 volts, then the potential difference across each resistor will also be V volts.<\/p>\n<p>In this circuit, the current across each resistor will not be the same.<\/p>\n<p>Let the current across R1, R2, and R3 be I1, I2, and I3 respectively. Let the total current flowing in the circuit be I. Then the total current I will be equal to the sum of the separate currents flowing through each of the resistors.<\/p>\n<p>By Ohm\u2019s Law,<\/p>\n<p>I = V\/Rp &#8230; (2)<\/p>\n<p>Where Rp is the combined resistance of the resistors in parallel.<\/p>\n<p>Also,<\/p>\n<p>I1 = V\/R1&#8230;    (3)<\/p>\n<p>I2 = V\/R2&#8230;   (4)<\/p>\n<p>I3 = V\/R3&#8230;    (5)<\/p>\n<p>The potential difference across each resistor will be the same as that of the battery. Substituting equations (2), (3), (4), and (5) in (1),<\/p>\n<p>V\/Rp = V\/R1 + V\/R2 + V\/R3<\/p>\n<p>\u2234 1\/Rp= 1\/R1 + 1\/R2 + 1\/R3<\/p>\n<p>Thus, when resistors are connected in parallel, the reciprocal of the equivalent resistance Rp is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistances.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Solved_Examples_on_Resistance_Formula\"><\/span>Solved Examples on Resistance Formula<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Example 1: A circuit has a voltage of 12 volts applied across a resistor, and a current of 2 amperes flows through it. Calculate the resistance.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Given:<\/p>\n<p>Voltage (V) = 12 volts<\/p>\n<p>Current (I) = 2 amperes<\/p>\n<p>Using Ohm&#8217;s Law:<\/p>\n<p>R = V \/ I<\/p>\n<p>R = 12 V \/ 2 A<\/p>\n<p>R = 6 ohms<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, the resistance of the circuit is 6 ohms.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example 2: A wire has a length of 10 meters and a cross-sectional area of 2 square millimetres. The resistivity of the material is 1.7 x 10<sup>-8<\/sup> ohm-meters. Calculate the resistance of the wire.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Given:<\/p>\n<p>Length (L) = 10 meters<\/p>\n<p>Cross-sectional area (A) = 2 mm<sup>2<\/sup> = 2 x 10<sup>-6<\/sup> m<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Resistivity (\u03c1) = 1.7 x 10<sup>-8<\/sup> ohm-meters<\/p>\n<p>Using the <strong>resistance formula<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>R = (\u03c1 x L) \/ A<\/p>\n<p>R = (1.7 x 10<sup>-8<\/sup> ohm-meters x 10 meters) \/ (2 x 10<sup>-6<\/sup> m<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/p>\n<p>R = (1.7 x 10<sup>-7<\/sup> ohm-meters) \/ (2 x 10<sup>-6<\/sup> m2)<\/p>\n<p>R = 0.085 ohms<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, the resistance of the wire is 0.085 ohms.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example 3: As shown in the figure, two resistors with resistances 10 \u2126 and 15 \u2126 are connected to a 5 V battery. Find the:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Total resistance of the circuit<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Potential difference across the 15 Ohms resistor<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-569787\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Resistance-5.png\" alt=\"Resistance Example\" width=\"400\" height=\"273\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Given:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Resistance (R1) = 10 \u2126 Resistance (R2) = 15 \u2126 Potential difference (V) = 5 V<\/p>\n<p><strong>To find:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Total resistance of the circuit (Rs)<\/li>\n<li>Potential difference across the 15 Ohms resistor (V2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Formula:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Rs = R1 + R2<\/li>\n<li>V2 = IR2<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>From the circuit diagram, the two resistors are connected in series. \u2234<\/p>\n<p>Total Resistance of the circuit is given by<\/p>\n<p>Rs = R1 + R2<\/p>\n<p>\u2234 Rs = 10 + 15 = 25\u2126 \u2234 Rs = 25\u2126<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, the total resistance of the circuit is 25\u2126. Applying Ohm\u2019s law to the entire circuit,<\/p>\n<p>V = IRs<\/p>\n<p>\u2234 5 = I \u2715 25<\/p>\n<p>\u2234 I = 5\/25 \u2234 I = 0.2A<\/p>\n<p>When resistors are connected in series, the current flowing in the circuit will be the same at every point in the circuit.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, by using Ohm\u2019s law, V2 = IR2<\/p>\n<p>\u2234 V2 = 0.2 x 15 = 3V<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, the potential difference across the 15 Ohms resistor is 3V.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs_on_Resistance_Formula\"><\/span>FAQ&#8217;s on Resistance Formula<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_resistance\"><\/span>What is resistance? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tResistance is the measure of opposition encountered by an electric current as it flows through a conductor. It quantifies the ability of a material to resist the flow of electrons. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_SI_unit_of_resistance\"><\/span>What is the SI unit of resistance? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe unit of resistance is the ohm (\u03a9). It is named after the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Ohms_Law\"><\/span>What is Ohm\u2019s Law? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tOhm's law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it and inversely proportional to its resistance. It can be expressed mathematically as I = V\/R, where I is the current in amperes, V is the voltage in volts, and R is the resistance in ohms. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_symbol_for_resistance\"><\/span>What is the symbol for resistance? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe symbol of resistance is \u03a9. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_can_resistance_be_measured\"><\/span>How can resistance be measured? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tResistance can be measured using an instrument called a multimeter. The multimeter is capable of measuring various electrical quantities, including resistance. To measure resistance, the multimeter is set to the resistance (ohms) mode, and the test probes are connected to the ends of the component or material whose resistance is being measured. The multimeter applies a known small voltage to the component and measures the resulting current flowing through it. Based on Ohm's law (V = IR), the resistance can be calculated by dividing the measured voltage by the measured current. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_is_resistance_related_to_current_and_voltage\"><\/span>How is resistance related to current and voltage? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tResistance is related to current and voltage through Ohm's Law, which states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it and inversely proportional to its resistance. Mathematically, it can be expressed as V = I * R, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_factors_affect_the_resistance_of_a_conductor\"><\/span>What factors affect the resistance of a conductor? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe resistance of a conductor depends on several factors, including the material of the conductor, its length, its cross-sectional area, and the temperature at which it operates. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_does_the_length_of_a_conductor_affect_resistance\"><\/span>How does the length of a conductor affect resistance? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to its length. Longer conductors have higher resistance, assuming all other factors remain constant. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_does_the_cross-sectional_area_of_a_conductor_affect_resistance\"><\/span>How does the cross-sectional area of a conductor affect resistance? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe resistance of a conductor is inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area. Wider or thicker conductors have lower resistance, assuming all other factors remain constant. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_resistivity\"><\/span>What is resistivity? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tResistivity is the inherent property of a material that determines its resistance to the flow of electric current. It is denoted by the symbol \u03c1 (rho) and is measured in ohm-meters (\u03a9\u00b7m). \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_does_temperature_affect_resistance\"><\/span>How does temperature affect resistance? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFor most materials, including metals, resistance increases with an increase in temperature. This relationship is known as positive temperature coefficient. However, there are a few exceptions, such as certain semiconductor materials, which exhibit negative temperature coefficients. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n\t{\n\t\t\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n\t\t\"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n\t\t\"mainEntity\": [\n\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"What is resistance? \",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"Resistance is the measure of opposition encountered by an electric current as it flows through a conductor. It quantifies the ability of a material to resist the flow of electrons.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"What is the SI unit of resistance? \",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"The unit of resistance is the ohm (\u03a9). It is named after the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"What is Ohm\u2019s Law? \",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"Ohm's law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it and inversely proportional to its resistance. It can be expressed mathematically as I = V\/R, where I is the current in amperes, V is the voltage in volts, and R is the resistance in ohms.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"What is the symbol for resistance? \",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"The symbol of resistance is \u03a9.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"How can resistance be measured? \",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"Resistance can be measured using an instrument called a multimeter. The multimeter is capable of measuring various electrical quantities, including resistance. To measure resistance, the multimeter is set to the resistance (ohms) mode, and the test probes are connected to the ends of the component or material whose resistance is being measured. The multimeter applies a known small voltage to the component and measures the resulting current flowing through it. Based on Ohm's law (V = IR), the resistance can be calculated by dividing the measured voltage by the measured current.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"How is resistance related to current and voltage? \",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"Resistance is related to current and voltage through Ohm's Law, which states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it and inversely proportional to its resistance. Mathematically, it can be expressed as V = I * R, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"What factors affect the resistance of a conductor? \",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"The resistance of a conductor depends on several factors, including the material of the conductor, its length, its cross-sectional area, and the temperature at which it operates.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"How does the length of a conductor affect resistance? \",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"The resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to its length. Longer conductors have higher resistance, assuming all other factors remain constant.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"How does the cross-sectional area of a conductor affect resistance? \",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"The resistance of a conductor is inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area. Wider or thicker conductors have lower resistance, assuming all other factors remain constant.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"What is resistivity? \",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"Resistivity is the inherent property of a material that determines its resistance to the flow of electric current. It is denoted by the symbol \u03c1 (rho) and is measured in ohm-meters (\u03a9\u00b7m).\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"How does temperature affect resistance? \",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"For most materials, including metals, resistance increases with an increase in temperature. This relationship is known as positive temperature coefficient. However, there are a few exceptions, such as certain semiconductor materials, which exhibit negative temperature coefficients.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t]\n\t}\n<\/script>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Resistance is a fundamental concept in physics that quantifies the opposition encountered by an electric current flowing through a conductor. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":53,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Resistance Formula","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Resistance Formula : Definition, Resistors in Series & Parallel | Infinity Learn","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Resistance is a fundamental concept in physics that quantifies the opposition encountered by an electric current flowing through a conductor. It is denoted by the symbol \"R\" and is measured in ohms (\u03a9). The resistance of a conductor depends on its material, length, cross-sectional area, and temperature.","custom_permalink":"formulas\/resistance-formula"},"categories":[8438,8521],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Resistance Formula : Definition, Resistors in Series &amp; Parallel | Infinity Learn<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Resistance is a fundamental concept in physics that quantifies the opposition encountered by an electric current flowing through a conductor. It is denoted by the symbol &quot;R&quot; and is measured in ohms (\u03a9). 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It is denoted by the symbol \"R\" and is measured in ohms (\u03a9). 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