{"id":628228,"date":"2023-06-23T16:15:55","date_gmt":"2023-06-23T10:45:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/?p=628228"},"modified":"2025-02-28T16:29:39","modified_gmt":"2025-02-28T10:59:39","slug":"snells-law-formula","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/snells-law-formula\/","title":{"rendered":"Snell\u2019s Law Formula\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_37 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' style='display:block'><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/snells-law-formula\/#The_laws_of_refraction_are_as_follows\" title=\"The laws of refraction are as follows:\">The laws of refraction are as follows:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/snells-law-formula\/#Snells_Law_Formula\" title=\"Snell\u2019s Law Formula: \">Snell\u2019s Law Formula: <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/snells-law-formula\/#Key_points_about_Snells_Law\" title=\"Key points about Snell\u2019s Law: \">Key points about Snell\u2019s Law: <\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Snell&#8217;s law, also known as the law of refraction, is a fundamental principle in optics that describes how light waves change direction when they pass through the interface between two different transparent media. The formula for Snell&#8217;s law is n1sin(\u03b81) = n2sin(\u03b82), where n1 and n2 are the indices of refraction of the two media, and \u03b81 and \u03b82 are the angles of incidence and refraction, respectively. This equation quantitatively relates the angles of incidence and refraction to the refractive indices, providing a mathematical framework to understand and predict the bending of light at the interface. Snell&#8217;s law is widely applied in various optical phenomena and is essential in the design and analysis of lenses, prisms, and other optical devices.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:196}\"> <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:196}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_laws_of_refraction_are_as_follows\"><\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The laws of refraction are as follows:<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The incident ray, the refracted ray, and the normal at the point of incidence lie on the same plane.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-628233 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screenshot-2023-06-23-160537-282x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"282\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screenshot-2023-06-23-160537-282x300.png?v=1687516793 282w, https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screenshot-2023-06-23-160537.png?v=1687516793 403w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 282px) 100vw, 282px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The refractive index of a refractive medium with respect to the incident medium is equal to the ratio of the sine of the incident angle to the sine of the refractive angle. This is also known as Snell&#8217;s law.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:1,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:339}\"> <\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW227593631 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:1,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:339}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-628234 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screenshot-2023-06-23-160557.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"132\" height=\"75\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Snell\u2019s Law Formula:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:72,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW85773799 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW85773799 BCX0\">Consider a ray of light travelling from medium 1 to medium 2. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW85773799 BCX0\">Let the angle of incidence b<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW85773799 BCX0\">e<\/span> <\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW85773799 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW85773799 BCX0\">i<\/span> <\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW85773799 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW85773799 BCX0\">and the angle of refraction be r.<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW85773799 BCX0\"> Let the speed of light in medium 1 be v<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW85773799 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun Subscript SCXW85773799 BCX0\" data-fontsize=\"12\">1<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW85773799 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW85773799 BCX0\"> and that in medium 2 <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW85773799 BCX0\">be v<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW85773799 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun Subscript SCXW85773799 BCX0\" data-fontsize=\"12\">2<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW85773799 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW85773799 BCX0\">. Let n<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW85773799 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun Subscript SCXW85773799 BCX0\" data-fontsize=\"12\">21<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW85773799 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW85773799 BCX0\"> be the refractive index of medium 2 with respect to medium 1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW85773799 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:72,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-628235 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screenshot-2023-06-23-160617-300x204.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"204\" srcset=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screenshot-2023-06-23-160617-300x204.png?v=1687516997 300w, https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screenshot-2023-06-23-160617.png?v=1687516997 407w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Then, according to Snell&#8217;s law,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-628236\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screenshot-2023-06-23-160637.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"271\" height=\"53\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Also, by definition of refractive index,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-628237\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screenshot-2023-06-23-160653.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"215\" height=\"47\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Thus, from statement (i) and (ii),<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-628238\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screenshot-2023-06-23-160706.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"192\" height=\"55\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Let n<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> and n<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">be the absolute refractive indices of medium 1 and medium 2 respectively. If the velocity of light in vacuum is <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">c, <\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">then,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:144,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-628239\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screenshot-2023-06-23-160746.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"186\" height=\"207\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-628240\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screenshot-2023-06-23-160802.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"231\" height=\"66\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">From statements (iii) and (iv), Snell&#8217;s law can be expressed as<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-628241\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screenshot-2023-06-23-160820.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"227\" height=\"75\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Key points about Snell\u2019s Law:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Snell&#8217;s law applies to the refraction of light when it passes from one medium to another, such as air to water or glass to air.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The refractive index of a medium is a measure of how much the speed of light is reduced when it enters that medium.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The angle of incidence is the angle between the incident ray and the normal (a line perpendicular to the interface between the two media).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The angle of refraction is the angle between the refracted ray and the normal.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Snell&#8217;s law implies that light bends towards the normal when it enters a medium with a higher refractive index and away from the normal when it enters a medium with a lower refractive index.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">When light passes from a medium with a higher refractive index to a medium with a lower refractive index, there exists a critical angle beyond which total internal reflection occurs.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Solved Examples on Snell\u2019s Law Formula:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Example 1:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Light enters from air to glass having a refractive index of 1.50. What is the speed of light in glass? (The speed of light in vacuum = 3  \u00d7 10<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">8<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">  m\/s).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Given:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Let air and glass be considered as medium 1 and medium 2 respectively. Refractive index of glass w.r.t. air (n<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">21<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">) = 1.50 <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Speed of light in vacuum (c) = 3 \u00d7 10<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">8<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> m\/s<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">To find:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Speed of light in glass (2)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Formula:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> <img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-628242\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screenshot-2023-06-23-160838.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"95\" height=\"53\" \/><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Answer:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">By Snell\u2019s law,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-628243\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screenshot-2023-06-23-160853.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"103\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The speed of light in air is very close to the speed of light in vacuum. Thus, v<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> = 3 \u00d7 10<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">8<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> m\/s<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Substituting in statement (i),<\/span> <span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-628244\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screenshot-2023-06-23-160914.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"203\" height=\"185\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Thus the light will travel in the glass at a speed of 2 \u00d7 10<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">8<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> m\/s.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Example 2:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> A light ray travels from water (refractive index = 1.33) into diamond (refractive index = 2.42). If the angle of incidence is 40 degrees, calculate the angle of refraction.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Solution:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Given:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">n\u2081 (refractive index of water) = 1.33<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">n\u2082 (refractive index of diamond) = 2.42<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u03b8\u2081 (angle of incidence) = 40 degrees<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Using Snell&#8217;s law we can write,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">n\u2081 x sin(\u03b8\u2081) = n\u2082 x sin(\u03b8\u2082)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Substituting the given values:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1.33 x sin(40) = 2.42 x sin(\u03b8\u2082)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">sin(\u03b8\u2082) = (1.33 x sin(40)) \/ 2.42<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">sin(\u03b8\u2082) \u2248 0.706<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Taking the inverse sine (arcsine) of both sides:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u03b8\u2082 = arcsine(0.706)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Using a calculator:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u03b8\u2082 \u2248 44.1 degrees<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Therefore, the angle of refraction is approximately 44.1 degrees.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Frequently asked questions on Snell\u2019s Law Formula:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1: What is Snell&#8217;s law and law of refraction?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Answer: Snell&#8217;s law, also known as Snell-Descartes law, is a fundamental principle in optics that describes the behavior of light as it passes from one medium to another. It relates the angles of incidence and refraction to the refractive indices of the two media involved.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2: What is the mathematical expression of Snell&#8217;s law?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Answer: Snell&#8217;s law is expressed as: n\u2081 x sin(\u03b8\u2081) = n\u2082 x sin(\u03b8\u2082), where n\u2081 and n\u2082 are the refractive indices of the incident and refracting media, respectively, and \u03b8\u2081 and \u03b8\u2082 are the angles of incidence and refraction, respectively.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3: What is the refractive index?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Answer: The refractive index is a measure of how much the speed of light is reduced when it enters a particular medium compared to its speed in a vacuum. It is denoted by the symbol &#8216;n&#8217; and is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the medium.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4: What is V1 and V2 in Snell&#8217;s law?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Answer: In Snell&#8217;s law, V1 and V2 represent the velocities of light in two different media. The velocities of light in different media are related to the refractive indices of those media, as the refractive index is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in the medium. Therefore, V1 and V2 can be understood as the speeds at which light propagates through the respective media. The ratio of the velocities, or equivalently the refractive indices, is used in Snell&#8217;s law to determine how the direction of light changes when it passes from one medium to another.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5: What are the two types of refractive index?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Answer: The two types of refractive index commonly referred to are the absolute refractive index and the relative refractive index.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"9\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:[65533,1],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;right&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;%1.&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Absolute Refractive Index: The absolute refractive index is a measure of how much a particular material bends light when compared to a vacuum or air. It is the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in the material. The absolute refractive index is denoted by the symbol &#8220;n&#8221; and is dimensionless.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"9\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:[65533,1],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;right&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;%1.&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Relative Refractive Index: The relative refractive index is the ratio of the absolute refractive index of one material to another. It represents the change in the speed of light as it passes from one medium to another. The relative refractive index is also dimensionless and is denoted by the symbol &#8220;n1\/n2&#8221;, where &#8220;n1&#8221; and &#8220;n2&#8221; represent the absolute refractive indices of the two media.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">6: What is n1 and n2 in Snell&#8217;s law?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Answer: In Snell&#8217;s law, n1 and n2 represent the refractive indices of two different media through which light is passing. n1 refers to the refractive index of the initial medium (or incident medium), while n2 refers to the refractive index of the final medium (or refractive medium). The refractive index of a medium is a measure of how much the speed of light is reduced when it passes through that medium compared to its speed in a vacuum. The ratio of the refractive indices, n1\/n2, is used in Snell&#8217;s law to determine how the direction of light is refracted or bent as it transitions from one medium to another.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">7: What is the SI unit of refractive index?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Answer: The SI unit of refractive index is dimensionless, as it is a ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a given medium. It does not have a specific unit associated with it.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">8: Why is it called Snell\u2019s law?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Answer: Snell&#8217;s law is named after the Dutch mathematician and astronomer Willebrord Snellius (also known as Snell) who first formulated this law in the 17th century. Snell&#8217;s law describes the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction when light passes through the boundary between two different transparent media. The law is commonly used to understand the bending of light as it passes through materials with different refractive indices.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">9: What happens to light when it passes from one medium to another?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Answer: When light passes from one medium to another, it can change direction and speed. This change is known as refraction. The bending of light occurs due to the change in its speed as it moves from a medium with one refractive index to another with a different refractive index.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">10: What is the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Answer: The relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction is given by Snell&#8217;s law. It states that the ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction is equal to the ratio of the refractive indices of the two media.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">11: What happens if the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Answer: If the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, total internal reflection occurs. This means that all of the light is reflected back into the medium of higher refractive index, and none of it is transmitted into the second medium.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Snell&#8217;s law, also known as the law of refraction, is a fundamental principle in optics that describes how light waves [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":53,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Snell's Law","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Snell's Law \u2013 The Laws of Refraction","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"As the angle of incidence (i) and angle of refraction (r) thus rearranging Snell's Law: n1sin(i) = n2sin(r) (n1\/n2)sin(i) = sin(r)","custom_permalink":""},"categories":[8438,8521],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is 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