{"id":665033,"date":"2023-07-18T13:06:57","date_gmt":"2023-07-18T07:36:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/?p=665033"},"modified":"2025-05-08T15:01:57","modified_gmt":"2025-05-08T09:31:57","slug":"light-emitting-diode-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/light-emitting-diode\/","title":{"rendered":"Light emitting diode"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_37 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' style='display:block'><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/light-emitting-diode\/#Light_emitting_diode\" title=\"Light emitting diode\">Light emitting diode<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/light-emitting-diode\/#Symbol_of_LED\" title=\"Symbol of LED\">Symbol of LED<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/light-emitting-diode\/#How_is_LED_connected_in_a_circuit\" title=\"How is LED connected in a circuit? \">How is LED connected in a circuit? <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/light-emitting-diode\/#Working_principle_of_an_LED\" title=\"Working principle of an LED\">Working principle of an LED<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/light-emitting-diode\/#Colour_variation_in_LEDs\" title=\"Colour variation in LEDs\">Colour variation in LEDs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/light-emitting-diode\/#LEDs_versus_normal_p-n_junction_diodes\" title=\"LEDs versus normal p-n junction diodes\">LEDs versus normal p-n junction diodes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/light-emitting-diode\/#Why_are_LEDs_preferred\" title=\"Why are LEDs preferred?\">Why are LEDs preferred?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/light-emitting-diode\/#FAQs_on_LED_Light_emitting_diode\" title=\"FAQs on LED (Light emitting diode)\">FAQs on LED (Light emitting diode)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/light-emitting-diode\/#What_is_an_LED\" title=\"What is an LED?\">What is an LED?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/light-emitting-diode\/#What_are_the_uses_of_LEDs\" title=\"What are the uses of LEDs? \">What are the uses of LEDs? <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/light-emitting-diode\/#What_is_the_principle_of_working_of_LEDs\" title=\"What is the principle of working of LEDs? \">What is the principle of working of LEDs? <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/light-emitting-diode\/#What_are_the_advantages_of_LEDs\" title=\"What are the advantages of LEDs? \">What are the advantages of LEDs? <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/light-emitting-diode\/#Is_light_from_an_LED_coherent_like_laser_light\" title=\"Is light from an LED coherent like laser light? \">Is light from an LED coherent like laser light? <\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>Light emitting diodes are widely used as a source of light in digital displays, advertising boards, time display boards, short announcements display boards, arrivals\/departure information in railway\/airports, remote controls, etc.<\/p>\n<p>Many of their properties make them get preference over incandescent lamps.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Light_emitting_diode\"><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW141515317 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-IN\" xml:lang=\"EN-IN\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW141515317 BCX0\">Light emitting diode<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-665035\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/LED.png\" alt=\"LED\" width=\"201\" height=\"216\" \/><\/p>\n<p>It is a semiconductor-based p-n junction diode, having small area, roughly , that emits light when it is forward biased. When it is forward biased, the electrons present in conduction band recombine with holes present in the valence band at the junction of the diode. Electrons fall from higher energy state to lower energy state. Thus energy is released during recombination of electrons with holes. This energy is normally in the form of light \u2013 generally in visible, ultraviolet, or infrared region of spectrum.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Symbol_of_LED\"><\/span>Symbol of LED<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The symbol of LED is shown. It is similar to that of a normal p-n junction diode, except with the addition of two arrows to represent emission of light.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-665036 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Symbol-of-LED-.png\" alt=\"Symbol of LED\" width=\"355\" height=\"144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Symbol-of-LED-.png 355w, https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Symbol-of-LED--300x122.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"TextRun SCXW103781152 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-IN\" xml:lang=\"EN-IN\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW103781152 BCX0\">How is LED connected in a circuit?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW103781152 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> <\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-665038 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/How-is-LED-connected-in-a-circuit.png\" alt=\"How is LED connected in a circuit\" width=\"403\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/How-is-LED-connected-in-a-circuit.png 403w, https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/How-is-LED-connected-in-a-circuit-300x132.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>A simple circuit involving LED is shown. An LED is connected in a circuit in such a way that it is in forward biased and current through it does not exceed the rated value. This is done by using a resistance of suitable value. The role of resistor is crucial to limit the current flow into the LED.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Working_principle_of_an_LED\"><\/span>Working principle of an LED<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-665039 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Working-principle-of-an-LED.png\" alt=\"Working principle of an LED\" width=\"405\" height=\"234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Working-principle-of-an-LED.png 405w, https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Working-principle-of-an-LED-300x173.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 405px) 100vw, 405px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>LED works on the principle of electroluminescence, wherein a material emits light when a current is passed through it. When the diode is forward biased, free electrons in the conduction band of n side are pushed towards the junction, as well as holes of p side in valence band are pushed towards the junction.<\/p>\n<p>Conduction band electrons have more energy than those in valence band. At the junction boundary, conduction band electrons descend to recombine with holes. This leads to lowering of their energy. Thus recombination leads to emission of energy. Energy released is in the form of heat in standard diodes. In LEDs, energy released lies in visible region of electromagnetic spectrum. As the forward voltage is increased, the intensity of the light increases and reaches a maximum.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Colour_variation_in_LEDs\"><\/span>Colour variation in LEDs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Materials used in the fabrication of LEDs decide which colour of light they would emit.<\/p>\n<p>Aluminium gallium indium phosphide alloys and indium gallium nitride alloys are generally used. Using alloys of aluminium red, orange and yellow LEDs are fabricated, whereas using Indium alloys, green, blue and white LEDs are made. Colour of light can be varied by making suitable changes in proportion of the alloys.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gallium Arsenide diodes emit infrared light.<\/li>\n<li>Gallium Arsenide phosphide LEDs emit red to infrared, orange light.<\/li>\n<li>There are also multicolour LEDs \u2013 they produce one colour when connected in forward bias and a different colour when connected in reverse bias.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LEDs_versus_normal_p-n_junction_diodes\"><\/span>LEDs versus normal p-n junction diodes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>LED consume more power than silicon or Germanium based diodes.<\/li>\n<li>The voltage drop across LED in operation can vary between 2V to 3V compared with 0.7 V for Si and 0.3 V for Ge based diodes.<\/li>\n<li>LEDs have much lower reverse breakdown voltage than Si or Ge based diodes.<\/li>\n<li>General purpose diodes find use as voltage rectification, clipping and clamping circuits, voltage multipliers. LEDs have use to display letters, date-time, control switches, in camera flashes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_are_LEDs_preferred\"><\/span>Why are LEDs preferred?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Low power consumption<\/li>\n<li>They last longer and exhibit ruggedness<\/li>\n<li>Low operational voltages<\/li>\n<li>No warm-up time<\/li>\n<li>Light of very small band of frequencies can be emitted<\/li>\n<li>Environment-friendly<\/li>\n<li>Doesn\u2019t get affected by cold temperatures<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs_on_LED_Light_emitting_diode\"><\/span>FAQs on LED (<span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW31015621 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-IN\" xml:lang=\"EN-IN\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31015621 BCX0\">Light emitting diode<\/span><\/span>)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_an_LED\"><\/span>What is an LED?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLED is a semi-conductor based device that emits light when it is suitably forward biased and current is passed through it. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_uses_of_LEDs\"><\/span>What are the uses of LEDs? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThey have wide range of applications. They are used as a source of light in digital displays, advertising boards, date-time display boards, short announcement display boards, arrivals\/departure information in railway\/airports etc. They are used as torch lights in mobile phones, used in TV remote controls. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_principle_of_working_of_LEDs\"><\/span>What is the principle of working of LEDs? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLED works on the principle of electroluminescence. When a current is passed through a materia, it starts emitting light. In LED, recombination of charge carriers takes place at the junction when the diode is forward biased. Recombination causes release of energy in the form of light. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_advantages_of_LEDs\"><\/span>What are the advantages of LEDs? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLow operational voltage, low power consumption, ruggedness, long life, no warm-up time, Frequency band is very small. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_light_from_an_LED_coherent_like_laser_light\"><\/span>Is light from an LED coherent like laser light? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNo. LED light is not by stimulated emission of radiation. Laser light is coherent because it is generated by stimulated emission of radiation. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n\t{\n\t\t\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n\t\t\"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n\t\t\"mainEntity\": [\n\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"What is an LED?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"LED is a semi-conductor based device that emits light when it is suitably forward biased and current is passed through it.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"What are the uses of LEDs? \",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"They have wide range of applications. They are used as a source of light in digital displays, advertising boards, date-time display boards, short announcement display boards, arrivals\/departure information in railway\/airports etc. They are used as torch lights in mobile phones, used in TV remote controls.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"What is the principle of working of LEDs? \",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"LED works on the principle of electroluminescence. When a current is passed through a materia, it starts emitting light. In LED, recombination of charge carriers takes place at the junction when the diode is forward biased. Recombination causes release of energy in the form of light.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"What are the advantages of LEDs? \",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"Low operational voltage, low power consumption, ruggedness, long life, no warm-up time, Frequency band is very small.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"Is light from an LED coherent like laser light? \",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"No. LED light is not by stimulated emission of radiation. Laser light is coherent because it is generated by stimulated emission of radiation.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t]\n\t}\n<\/script>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Light emitting diodes are widely used as a source of light in digital displays, advertising boards, time display boards, short [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":53,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Light Emitting Diode","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Light Emitting Diode (LED) - Working & LEDs vs normal p-n junction diodes","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Light Emitting Diode (LED): A tiny electronic device that makes light when electricity flows through it. It's used for lighting, displays, and indicators.","custom_permalink":"topics\/light-emitting-diode\/"},"categories":[8442,8444],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Light Emitting Diode (LED) - Working &amp; LEDs vs normal p-n junction diodes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Light Emitting Diode (LED): A tiny electronic device that makes light when electricity flows through it. 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