{"id":665627,"date":"2023-07-27T12:55:09","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T07:25:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/?p=665627"},"modified":"2025-05-06T16:14:47","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T10:44:47","slug":"benzoyl-chloride-structure-formula-preparation-properties-and-uses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/benzoyl-chloride-structure-formula-preparation-properties-and-uses\/","title":{"rendered":"Benzoyl Chloride: Structure, Formula, Preparation,\u00a0Properties, and Uses"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_37 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' style='display:block'><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/benzoyl-chloride-structure-formula-preparation-properties-and-uses\/#Introduction_to_Benzoyl_Chloride\" title=\"Introduction to Benzoyl Chloride\">Introduction to Benzoyl Chloride<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/benzoyl-chloride-structure-formula-preparation-properties-and-uses\/#Benzoyl_chloride_formula_and_structure\" title=\"Benzoyl chloride formula and structure\">Benzoyl chloride formula and structure<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/benzoyl-chloride-structure-formula-preparation-properties-and-uses\/#Preparation_of_Benzoyl_Chloride\" title=\"Preparation of Benzoyl Chloride\">Preparation of Benzoyl Chloride<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/benzoyl-chloride-structure-formula-preparation-properties-and-uses\/#Benzoyl_Chloride_Molecular_Weight_and_IUPAC_Name\" title=\"Benzoyl Chloride Molecular Weight and IUPAC Name\">Benzoyl Chloride Molecular Weight and IUPAC Name<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/benzoyl-chloride-structure-formula-preparation-properties-and-uses\/#Reactions_of_Benzoyl_Chloride\" title=\"Reactions of Benzoyl Chloride\">Reactions of Benzoyl Chloride<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/benzoyl-chloride-structure-formula-preparation-properties-and-uses\/#Benzoyl_chloride_uses\" title=\"Benzoyl chloride uses\">Benzoyl chloride uses<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/benzoyl-chloride-structure-formula-preparation-properties-and-uses\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_on_Benzoyl_Chloride\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions on Benzoyl Chloride\">Frequently Asked Questions on Benzoyl Chloride<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/benzoyl-chloride-structure-formula-preparation-properties-and-uses\/#What_is_the_chemical_formula_for_benzoyl_chloride\" title=\"What is the chemical formula for benzoyl chloride?\">What is the chemical formula for benzoyl chloride?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/benzoyl-chloride-structure-formula-preparation-properties-and-uses\/#What_are_the_benefits_of_benzoyl_chloride\" title=\"What are the benefits of benzoyl chloride?\">What are the benefits of benzoyl chloride?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/benzoyl-chloride-structure-formula-preparation-properties-and-uses\/#What_properties_does_benzoyl_chloride_have\" title=\"What properties does benzoyl chloride have?\">What properties does benzoyl chloride have?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/benzoyl-chloride-structure-formula-preparation-properties-and-uses\/#How_is_benzyl_chloride_made\" title=\"How is benzyl chloride made?\">How is benzyl chloride made?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction_to_Benzoyl_Chloride\"><\/span>Introduction to Benzoyl Chloride<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Benzoyl chloride, also known as benzene carbonyl chloride, is an important organic compound that belongs to the family of acyl chlorides. It is widely used in various chemical reactions and plays a significant role in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other organic compounds.<\/p>\n<p>Benzoyl chloride is a colourless, flaming liquid with no scent. It is an acyl halide chemical that is mostly utilised to create peroxides. It contributes to the development of cancer. It is an acyl chloride that belongs to the benzene family. In terms of function, it is similar to benzoic acid.<\/p>\n<p>Although it is beneficial in many other disciplines, including the creation of colours, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and resins, it is most effective in the synthesis of peroxides.<\/p>\n<p>This article will explore the structure, formula, preparation methods, properties, and various applications of benzoyl chloride.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Benzoyl_chloride_formula_and_structure\"><\/span>Benzoyl chloride formula and structure<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The benzoyl chloride formula is C7H5ClO, and its structure consists of a benzene ring with a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to it. A chlorine atom (Cl) at the carbonyl carbon gives benzoyl chloride its characteristic properties and reactivity. The benzoyl chloride structure is shown as follows:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-665628\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Benzoyl-chloride-structure.png\" alt=\"Benzoyl chloride structure\" width=\"211\" height=\"127\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Preparation_of_Benzoyl_Chloride\"><\/span>Preparation of Benzoyl Chloride<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Benzoyl chloride is prepared from benzoic acid <\/strong>(C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>COOH) by treating it with thionyl chloride (SOCl<sub>2<\/sub>) or phosphorus pentachloride (PCl<sub>5<\/sub>). The reaction involves the replacement of the hydroxyl group (-OH) of benzoic acid with a chlorine atom, resulting in the formation of benzoyl chloride.<br \/>\nPhCOOH + SOCl<sub>2<\/sub> \u2192 PhCOCl + SO<sub>2<\/sub> + HCl<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Benzoyl_Chloride_Molecular_Weight_and_IUPAC_Name\"><\/span>Benzoyl Chloride Molecular Weight and IUPAC Name<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The <strong>benzoyl chloride molecular weight<\/strong> is calculated as 140.57 g\/mol. According to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature, benzoyl chloride IUPAC name is benzene-1-carbonyl chloride.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reactions_of_Benzoyl_Chloride\"><\/span>Reactions of Benzoyl Chloride<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Benzoyl chloride is a highly reactive compound and undergoes various chemical reactions due to the presence of the acyl chloride group. Some of the important reactions include:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Hydrolysis:<\/strong><br \/>\nBenzoyl chloride reacts with water (H2O) to form benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as byproducts. The reaction explaining benzoyl chloride to benzoic acid conversion shown below:<br \/>\nC<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>COCl + H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2192 C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>COOH + HCl<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reduction:<\/strong><br \/>\nBenzoyl chloride on reduction with H2\/Pd-BaSO4 produces benzaldehyde.<br \/>\nC<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub> \u2192 C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>CHO + HCl<\/li>\n<li><strong>Amide Formation:<\/strong><br \/>\nBenzoyl chloride reacts with ammonia (NH<sub>3<\/sub>) or amines to form benzamide or N-substituted benzamides.<br \/>\nC<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub> + NH<sub>3<\/sub> \u2192 C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>CONH<sub>2<\/sub> + HCl<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ester Formation:<\/strong><br \/>\nBenzoyl chloride reacts with alcohols to form benzoyl esters.<br \/>\nC<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub> + R-OH \u2192 C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>COOR&#8217; + HCl<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/articles\/chemistry-articles\"><button class=\"btn btn-dark mx-2 my-2 px-4\" style=\"border-radius: 50px;\" type=\"button\">Chemistry Articles<\/button><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/chemistry-formulas\/\"><button class=\"btn btn-dark mx-2 my-2 px-4\" style=\"border-radius: 50px;\" type=\"button\">Chemistry Formulas<\/button><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/iodoform-test-definition-mechanisms-properties-uses\/\"><button class=\"btn btn-dark mx-2 my-2 px-4\" style=\"border-radius: 50px;\" type=\"button\">Iodoform Test<\/button><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Benzoyl_chloride_uses\"><\/span>Benzoyl chloride uses<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Benzoyl chloride finds widespread applications in the chemical industry:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Pharmaceutical Industry:<\/strong> It is used to synthesize various pharmaceutical compounds, including analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Agrochemicals:<\/strong> Benzoyl chloride is used to produce pesticides and herbicides.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Perfumery:<\/strong> It is used to synthesize aromatic compounds used in perfumery.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Plastics:<\/strong> Benzoyl chloride is employed in manufacturing polymers and plastics.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Conclusion<\/p>\n<p>Benzoyl chloride is a versatile and essential chemical compound with various applications in different industries. Its reactivity and unique properties make it an essential building block in the synthesis of numerous organic compounds.<\/p>\n<p>Understanding the structure, formula, preparation methods, properties, and uses of benzoyl chloride provides valuable insights into its significance in organic chemistry.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_on_Benzoyl_Chloride\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions on Benzoyl Chloride<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_chemical_formula_for_benzoyl_chloride\"><\/span>What is the chemical formula for benzoyl chloride?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t Benzoyl chloride, commonly known as benzene carbonyl chloride, is a C<sub>7<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>ClO organochlorine chemical. It is a white, fuming liquid with an unpleasant stench that is made up of a benzene ring (C6H6) and an acyl chloride (C(=O)Cl) substituent. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_benefits_of_benzoyl_chloride\"><\/span>What are the benefits of benzoyl chloride?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tIt is used in medicine and the production of other compounds. Benzoyl chloride is an acyl chloride formed by replacing a hydrogen atom in benzene with an acyl chloride group. It serves as a critical chemical step in the production of various compounds, dyes, fragrances, herbicides, and medicines.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_properties_does_benzoyl_chloride_have\"><\/span>What properties does benzoyl chloride have?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBenzoyl chloride is another name for benzene carbonyl chloride. C<sub>7<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>ClO is the chemical formula for benzoyl chloride. When exposed to wet air, it is a white liquid with a boiling point of 198\u00b0 and a pungent fragrance. It has a strong scent, and its vapours cause excessive watering of the eyes and nose. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_is_benzyl_chloride_made\"><\/span>How is benzyl chloride made?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t Benzyl chloride is manufactured industrially through the gas-phase photochemical reaction of toluene with chlorine: C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub> + Cl<sub>3<\/sub>\u2192C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>Cl + HCl Each year, around 100,000 tonnes are manufactured in this manner. The reaction proceeds via the free radical process, which involves the intermediation of free chlorine atoms.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n\t{\n\t\t\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n\t\t\"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n\t\t\"mainEntity\": [\n\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"What is the chemical formula for benzoyl chloride?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"Benzoyl chloride, commonly known as benzene carbonyl chloride, is a C7H5ClO organochlorine chemical. It is a white, fuming liquid with an unpleasant stench that is made up of a benzene ring (C6H6) and an acyl chloride (C(=O)Cl) substituent.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"What are the benefits of benzoyl chloride?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"It is used in medicine and the production of other compounds. Benzoyl chloride is an acyl chloride formed by replacing a hydrogen atom in benzene with an acyl chloride group. It serves as a critical chemical step in the production of various compounds, dyes, fragrances, herbicides, and medicines.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"What properties does benzoyl chloride have?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"Benzoyl chloride is another name for benzene carbonyl chloride. C7H5ClO is the chemical formula for benzoyl chloride. When exposed to wet air, it is a white liquid with a boiling point of 198\u00b0 and a pungent fragrance. It has a strong scent, and its vapours cause excessive watering of the eyes and nose.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"How is benzyl chloride made?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"Benzyl chloride is manufactured industrially through the gas-phase photochemical reaction of toluene with chlorine: C6H5CH3 + Cl3\u2192C6H6CH2Cl + HCl Each year, around 100,000 tonnes are manufactured in this manner. The reaction proceeds via the free radical process, which involves the intermediation of free chlorine atoms.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t]\n\t}\n<\/script>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction to Benzoyl Chloride Benzoyl chloride, also known as benzene carbonyl chloride, is an important organic compound that belongs to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":53,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Benzoyl chloride","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Benzoyl Chloride: Structure, Formula, Properties and Uses","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Benzoyl chloride is a chemical used in making plastics, dyes, and medicines. 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