{"id":688423,"date":"2023-09-26T12:10:23","date_gmt":"2023-09-26T06:40:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/?p=688423"},"modified":"2025-07-25T16:12:56","modified_gmt":"2025-07-25T10:42:56","slug":"chandragupta-maurya-biography","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/","title":{"rendered":"Chandragupta Maurya Biography"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_37 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' style='display:block'><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#Chandragupta_Maurya_History_Early_Life\" title=\"Chandragupta Maurya History: Early Life\">Chandragupta Maurya History: Early Life<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#Chandragupta_Maurya_Family_Tree\" title=\"Chandragupta Maurya Family Tree\">Chandragupta Maurya Family Tree<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#Chandragupta_Maurya_Empire\" title=\"Chandragupta Maurya Empire\">Chandragupta Maurya Empire<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#Chandragupta_Maurya_Rule\" title=\"Chandragupta Maurya Rule\">Chandragupta Maurya Rule<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#Chandragupta_Maurya_Influence_of_Chanakya\" title=\"Chandragupta Maurya: Influence of Chanakya\">Chandragupta Maurya: Influence of Chanakya<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#Conquest_of_the_Nanda_Empire\" title=\"Conquest of the Nanda Empire\">Conquest of the Nanda Empire<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#Chandragupta_Maurya_War_with_the_Greeks\" title=\"Chandragupta Maurya: War with the Greeks\">Chandragupta Maurya: War with the Greeks<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#Chandragupta_Maurya_Death\" title=\"Chandragupta Maurya Death\">Chandragupta Maurya Death<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#FAQs_on_Chandragupta_Maurya_Biography\" title=\"FAQs on Chandragupta Maurya Biography\">FAQs on Chandragupta Maurya Biography<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#Who_was_Chandragupta_Maurya\" title=\"Who was Chandragupta Maurya?\">Who was Chandragupta Maurya?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#Who_was_the_son_of_Chandragupta_Maurya\" title=\"Who was the son of Chandragupta Maurya?\">Who was the son of Chandragupta Maurya?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#_Who_killed_Chandragupta_Maurya\" title=\": Who killed Chandragupta Maurya?\">: Who killed Chandragupta Maurya?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#Why_is_Chandragupta_Maurya_so_famous\" title=\"Why is Chandragupta Maurya so famous?\">Why is Chandragupta Maurya so famous?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#vWho_is_older_Ashoka_or_Chandragupta_Maurya\" title=\"vWho is older, Ashoka or Chandragupta Maurya?\">vWho is older, Ashoka or Chandragupta Maurya?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#How_many_wives_did_Chandragupta_have\" title=\"How many wives did Chandragupta have?\">How many wives did Chandragupta have?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><strong>Chandragupta Maurya<\/strong>, who was also known to the Greeks by the name Sandrakottos or Sandrokottos, holds the distinction of being the founding figure and inaugural ruler of the Maurya Dynasty. He is credited with the monumental task of establishing the very first pan-Indian empire. His journey towards this achievement was facilitated by his mentor and later minister, Chanakya (or Kautilya), whose comprehensive insights into governance, culture, military strategies, and economics are meticulously documented in <strong>Kautilya&#8217;s Arthashastra<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>Mauryan Dynasty<\/strong>, under the visionary leadership of Chandragupta Maurya, came into being in the year 322 BC. In an impressive feat, he managed to defeat the last Nanda ruler, with the invaluable guidance of Kautilya, ultimately giving rise to the Mauryan empire. Chandragupta, alongside the subsequent Mauryan rulers Bindusara and Ashoka, significantly elevated the Mauryan empire&#8217;s stature and left an indelible mark on ancient India. Together, they successfully exerted control over the entire northern expanse of India, encompassing the fertile Gangetic valley, thus accomplishing a remarkable feat of political unification.<\/p>\n<p>Prior to the Mauryans&#8217; ascent, India had been under the dominion of a republican and oligarchical form of government, which was subsequently replaced by a centralized monarchy. <strong>Pataliputra<\/strong>, known today as Patna and situated in present-day Bihar, was chosen as the capital of the burgeoning <strong>Mauryan empire<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The life and achievements of Chandragupta Maurya have been chronicled in various ancient texts from diverse traditions, including Greek, Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain sources. While these accounts offer insights into his life, it&#8217;s important to note that the details contained within them often vary significantly.<\/p>\n<p>In this biography of Chandragupta, we will delve into the early life of this remarkable figure, his role as a ruler in the Mauryan empire, and the key events surrounding his passing. Beyond political unification, the Mauryan empire made substantial contributions to literature, art, and architecture, further enriching the cultural tapestry of ancient India.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chandragupta_Maurya_History_Early_Life\"><\/span>Chandragupta Maurya History: Early Life<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Chandragupta<\/strong>, also known as <strong>Chandra Gupta<\/strong>, and sometimes referred to as <strong>Chandragupta Maurya<\/strong> or <strong>Maurya<\/strong>, passed away around 297 BCE in Shravanbelagola, India. He holds the distinction of being the founder of the Mauryan dynasty, reigning from approximately 321 to 297 BCE. Chandragupta achieved a remarkable feat by unifying most of India under a single administration during his rule. His reign is celebrated for rescuing the nation from mismanagement and liberating it from foreign rule. Towards the end of his life, he undertook a fast unto death as a poignant expression of sorrow for his famine-stricken subjects.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chandragupta&#8217;s early life<\/strong> was marked by adversity. He was born into a family that had fallen into destitution following his father&#8217;s demise, who was the leader of the Mauryas, in a border skirmish. Orphaned and vulnerable, he was entrusted to a cowherd who raised him as his own son. Later, he found himself in the service of a cattle-herding hunter. However, fate took an intriguing turn when a Brahman politician named <strong>Kautilya<\/strong>, also known as <strong>Chanakya<\/strong>, purchased him.<\/p>\n<p>Under Kautilya&#8217;s guidance, Chandragupta embarked on a transformative journey. He was taken to Taxila, which is now located in Pakistan, where he received an education encompassing military strategies and the fine arts. A remarkable legend surrounds his encounter with Alexander the Great, during which, it is said, a lion gently awakened him by licking his body while he slept. This event kindled his aspirations for royal authority.<\/p>\n<p>Acting upon <strong>Kautilya&#8217;s counsel<\/strong>, Chandragupta began amassing a force of mercenary soldiers and garnered the support of the public. His pursuit culminated in a fierce battle that brought an end to the autocratic rule of the <strong>Nanda dynasty<\/strong>, led by their formidable commander-in-chief, Bhaddasala.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chandragupta_Maurya_Family_Tree\"><\/span>Chandragupta Maurya Family Tree<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Chandragupta, the ancient emperor, had multiple consorts, although the <strong>Chandragupta Maurya Wife<\/strong> only one whose name is known to us is <strong>Durdhara<\/strong>. And <strong>Chandragupta Maurya Son<\/strong> name was Bindusara. Legends suggest that Prime Minister Chanakya, concerned about Chandragupta&#8217;s safety from potential poisonings by enemies, gradually exposed the emperor to small amounts of poison to build up his tolerance. Tragically, Chandragupta unknowingly shared food with his pregnant wife Durdhara, who eventually passed away due to the poison. In a desperate bid to save their child, Chanakya performed an emergency operation to deliver their full-term baby, Bindusara. While the infant survived, a trace of the poisoned blood from his mother touched his forehead, giving him the name Bindusara, inspired by the blue &#8220;<strong>Bindu<\/strong>&#8221; or mark.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, we have limited knowledge about Chandragupta&#8217;s other wives and children. Bindusara, his son, is often remembered more for being the father of one of India&#8217;s most renowned monarchs, Ashoka the Great, than for his own reign as an emperor.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chandragupta_Maurya_Empire\"><\/span>Chandragupta Maurya Empire<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Chandragupta&#8217;s military conquests<\/strong> and the extent of his empire remain somewhat elusive in historical records. Our understanding relies heavily on deductions drawn from accounts provided by Greek and Roman historians, as well as Indian religious texts penned many centuries after his passing.<\/p>\n<p>According to these sources, <strong>Chandragupta&#8217;s empire<\/strong> in the North-West encompassed regions that Seleucus I Nicator, a Greek ruler, ceded to him. These territories comprised areas of modern-day Afghanistan, including Kabul, Kandahar, Taxila, and Gandhara. It&#8217;s worth noting that his grandson Ashoka left notable inscriptions, such as the Kandahar rock edict, in Greek and Aramaic languages within these domains.<\/p>\n<p>Moving towards the west, evidence of <strong>Chandragupta&#8217;s rule<\/strong> over present-day Gujarat is supported by Ashoka&#8217;s inscriptions in Junagadh. Approximately four centuries later, Rudradaman added a more extensive inscription on the same rock, dating to around the mid-second century. In this inscription, Rudradaman mentions that the Sudarshana lake in the region was established during Chandragupta&#8217;s reign, overseen by his governor Vaishya Pushyagupta, and modifications were made during Ashoka&#8217;s rule under Tushaspha. Additionally, the inscription indicates Mauryan control over the Malwa region in Central India, positioned between Gujarat and Pataliputra.<\/p>\n<p>However, the details of <strong>Chandragupta&#8217;s<\/strong> other potential conquests, particularly in the Deccan region of southern India, remain uncertain. When his grandson Ashoka assumed power around 268 BCE, the empire had expanded as far south as present-day Karnataka. Consequently, it is challenging to attribute the southern conquests definitively to either Chandragupta or his son Bindusara. Some sources suggest that Chandragupta may have initiated these southern expansions, with the Jain tradition even proposing that he concluded his life as a renunciate in Karnataka.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n<table class=\"table table-bordered table-striped\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #89cff0; color: black;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>List of All Biographies<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Akbar Biography<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Biography<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/dr-br-ambedkar-biography\/\"><strong>Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Biography<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/jahangir-biography\/\"><strong>Jahangir Biography<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/c-v-raman-biography\/\"><strong>C.V. Raman Biography<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/bhagat-singh-biography\/\"><strong>Bhagat Singh Biography<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/aryabhatta-biography\/\"><strong>Aryabhatta Biography<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/subhash-chandra-bose-biography\/\"><strong>Subash Chandra Bose Biography<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/tipu-sultan-biography\/\"><strong>Tipu Sultan Biography<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/jawaharlal-nehru-biography\/\"><strong>Jawaharlal Nehru Biography<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/vikram-sarabhai-biography\/\"><strong>Vikram Sarabhai Biography<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/ashoka-biography\/\"><strong>Ashoka Biography<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/aurangzeb-biography\/\"><strong>Aurangzeb Biography<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/rabindranath-tagore-biography\/\"><strong>Rabindranath Tagore Biography<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/guru-nanak-ji-biography\/\"><strong>Guru Nank Ji Biography<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/prithviraj-chauhan-biography\/\"><strong>Prithviraj Chauhan Biography<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/swami-vivekananda-biography\/\"><strong>Swami Vivekananda Biography<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/sardar-vallabhbhai-patel-biography\/\"><strong>Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Biography<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chandragupta_Maurya_Rule\"><\/span>Chandragupta Maurya Rule<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>After consolidating control over a significant portion of India, Chandragupta, alongside his trusted advisor <strong>Chanakya<\/strong>, implemented a series of substantial economic and political reforms. Chandragupta, who governed from <strong>Pataliputra (now Patna)<\/strong>, established a robust central administration inspired by Chanakya&#8217;s treatise, the Arthashastra. Despite variations in historical, legendary, and religious accounts of <strong>Chandragupta&#8217;s rule<\/strong>, there are intriguing parallels between the Hindu Arthashastra, Buddhist Asokan inscriptions, and Greek Megasthenes&#8217; writings, as noted by Allchin and Erdosy.<\/p>\n<p>Under<strong> Maurya&#8217;s rule<\/strong>, a well-organized administrative system emerged. Chandragupta had a council of ministers (amatya), with Chanakya serving as his chief minister. The empire was divided into territories (janapada), each fortified with strongholds (durga), while state operations were funded through the treasury (kosa). Strabo, writing some 300 years after <strong>Chandragupta&#8217;s reign<\/strong>, provided insights into his rule, mentioning councils for justice matters, tax collection on trade, and regular Vedic sacrifices, Brahmanical rituals, and grand festivals featuring processions of elephants and horses. Crime rates remained low due to diligent city inspections by his officers.<\/p>\n<p>Megasthenes detailed three parallel administrative structures during Chandragupta&#8217;s rule. One managed rural affairs, overseeing irrigation, land ownership records, tool supply, hunting, forestry laws, and dispute resolution. Another handled urban matters, including trade, merchant activities, foreign visitors, ports, roads, temples, markets, and industries, while also ensuring tax collection and standardizing weights and measures. The third body supervised the military, covering training, weapons supply, and soldier needs.<\/p>\n<p>Chanakya was deeply concerned about Chandragupta&#8217;s safety, implementing elaborate measures to thwart assassination attempts. To confuse potential conspirators, Chandragupta frequently changed his sleeping quarters. He left his palace primarily for specific purposes like military campaigns, court proceedings, religious rituals, celebrations, and hunting expeditions. During festivities, he received ample protection, and during hunts, he was accompanied by female guards, seen as less likely to participate in coup plots. These precautions may have stemmed from the historical context of the <strong>Nanda king&#8217;s<\/strong> rise to power through assassination.<\/p>\n<p>Throughout Chandragupta&#8217;s reign and the subsequent <strong>Maurya dynasty<\/strong>, India was a thriving center for multiple religions, including Buddhism, Jainism, Ajivika, and various folk traditions.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chandragupta_Maurya_Influence_of_Chanakya\"><\/span>Chandragupta Maurya: Influence of Chanakya<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The accounts of how Chandragupta met Chanakya differ between Buddhist and Hindu sources. In general, they describe a <strong>young Chandragupta<\/strong> who devised a pretend royal court game near Vinjha forest with his shepherd friends. In this game, he gave orders to others, which caught the attention of Chanakya. Chanakya then bought Chandragupta from a hunter and took him under his wing.<\/p>\n<p>Subsequently, Chanakya enrolled Chandragupta at Taxila, where he received an education in various subjects such as the Vedas, military tactics, law, and other teachings. After their time at Taxila, Chandragupta and Chanakya relocated to <strong>Pataliputra<\/strong>, the capital of the Magadha kingdom, known for its educational significance.<\/p>\n<p>In the Hindu tradition, they encountered Nanda, while Buddhist sources mention <strong>Dhana Nanda<\/strong>. Chandragupta eventually became a commander in the Nanda army, but according to some accounts, he either offended or was offended by the Nanda king. This led to his escape and collaboration with Chanakya to rebel against the Nanda dynasty.<\/p>\n<p>The Roman text by Justin includes a couple of intriguing incidents involving Chandragupta. In one, a lion approached him while he was asleep, and in another, a massive wild elephant offered itself as his steed, both seen as omens of his destiny.<\/p>\n<p>According to the <strong>Buddhist Mahavamsa Tika<\/strong>, Chandragupta and Chanakya raised an army after Chandragupta completed his education at Taxila. They gathered soldiers from various places. The Digambara Jain text Parishishtaparvan suggests that Chanakya minted coins and formed an alliance with Parvataka to build this army.<\/p>\n<p>While some early translators interpreted Justin&#8217;s text as referring to a &#8220;<strong>body of robbers,<\/strong>&#8221; it may actually mean mercenary soldiers, hunters, or robbers, according to later interpretations.<\/p>\n<p>The Buddhist Mahavamsa Tika and Jain Parishishtaparvan mention that <strong>Chandragupta&#8217;s army<\/strong> attempted to attack the Nanda capital but was unsuccessful. Consequently, Chandragupta and Chanakya initiated a campaign along the <strong>Nanda empire&#8217;s<\/strong> frontier, gradually conquering territories on their path to Pataliputra. There, Dhana Nanda either accepted defeat and was killed (according to Buddhist accounts) or was deposed and exiled (according to Hindu accounts).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conquest_of_the_Nanda_Empire\"><\/span>Conquest of the Nanda Empire<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The ancient Greco-Roman writer <strong>Plutarch<\/strong>, in his biography of Alexander the Great, mentioned that the Nanda king was widely disliked. Plutarch suggested that if Alexander had chosen to, he could have easily conquered India. Later on, after Alexander concluded his campaign and departed, Chandragupta, with the guidance of his adviser Chanakya, led his army to seize the Nanda capital, Pataliputra, around 322 BCE.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, we lack historically reliable details of <strong>Chandragupta&#8217;s campaign<\/strong> into Pataliputra, and the legends that were written centuries later are inconsistent. According to Buddhist texts like Milindapanha, Magadha was under the rule of the Nanda dynasty, and Chandragupta, with Chanakya&#8217;s assistance, conquered it in order to restore dhamma or righteous rule. Chandragupta&#8217;s army, under Chanakya&#8217;s guidance, began by capturing the Nanda&#8217;s outer territories before advancing on Pataliputra.<\/p>\n<p>In contrast, Hindu and Jain texts present a different perspective, suggesting that the campaign was fiercely contested because the Nanda dynasty possessed a formidable and well-trained army. The conquest of <strong>Magadha<\/strong> is dramatized in the play &#8220;<strong>Mudrarakshasa<\/strong>,&#8221; where Chandragupta is depicted as first gaining control of Punjab and forming an alliance with a local king named Parvatka, all under Chanakya&#8217;s counsel. Chandragupta&#8217;s siege of Kusumapura (now known as Patna), the capital of Magadha, involved guerrilla warfare tactics and the support of mercenaries from conquered regions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Historian P. K. Bhattacharyya<\/strong> posits that the empire&#8217;s formation involved a gradual conquest of various provinces after initially consolidating Magadha. According to the Digambara Jain version by Hemachandra, Chandragupta&#8217;s progress was halted by a Nanda town that refused to surrender. To overcome this obstacle, Chanakya disguised himself as a mendicant and discovered seven mother goddesses (<strong>saptamatrika<\/strong>) in the town, which he believed were protecting its inhabitants. Seeking the mendicant&#8217;s advice on how to lift the army&#8217;s blockade, the townspeople unwittingly removed the protective goddesses, resulting in an easy victory for Chandragupta&#8217;s alliance with Parvataka. Together, they overran the Nanda kingdom and attacked Pataliputra with an &#8220;<strong>immeasurable army.<\/strong>&#8221; Due to a depleted treasury, dwindling resources, and inadequate intelligence, the Nanda king ultimately faced defeat.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chandragupta_Maurya_War_with_the_Greeks\"><\/span>Chandragupta Maurya: War with the Greeks<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Chandragupta Maurya<\/strong> engaged in a conflict with <strong>Seleucus I Nicator<\/strong>, who was the successor of Alexander the Great in the eastern regions. Chandragupta&#8217;s primary aim was to reduce Greek influence in the area while expanding his own dominion and strengthening his power. This war ultimately came to a conclusion in the year 301 BCE when a peace agreement was reached.<\/p>\n<p>As a result of this conflict, Chandragupta acquired several territories. He gained control over <strong>Arachosia<\/strong>, which corresponds to modern-day Kandahar in Afghanistan, Gedrosia, located in southern Baluchistan in present-day Pakistan, and Paro Amisadai, an area situated between Afghanistan and the Indian Subcontinent.<\/p>\n<p>As part of the peace settlement, the Greeks were granted 500 elephants, and a matrimonial alliance was established between Chandragupta Maurya and the Greek faction.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chandragupta_Maurya_Death\"><\/span>Chandragupta Maurya Death<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The exact details of Chandragupta Maurya&#8217;s death, including the date and year, remain uncertain and a topic of ongoing debate.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>In his later years,<strong> Chandragupta<\/strong> is believed to have embraced Jainism, a practice supported by historical records and general consensus.<\/li>\n<li>Inscriptions from the 5th to 15th centuries CE found in Karnataka refer to Chandragupta&#8217;s association with the Jain saint Bhadrabahu.<\/li>\n<li>Chandragupta likely abdicated his throne, adopted an ascetic lifestyle, and accompanied Bhadrabahu to Karnataka, where he ultimately passed away through a form of fasting unto death known as sallekhana in Shravanabelagola.<\/li>\n<li>Chandragupta Maurya governed the Mauryan empire for a span of 24 years, after which he passed the reins of power to his son Bindusara, who was succeeded by the illustrious <strong>Ashok the Great<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>In his fifties, Chandragupta developed a deep interest in Jainism, a profoundly ascetic belief system. His spiritual guide was the Jain saint Bhadrabahu. In the year 298 BCE, the emperor made the momentous decision to relinquish his rule, entrusting it to his son Bindusara. Following this, he embarked on a journey southward, taking up residence in a cave at Shravanabelogola, which is now located in Karnataka. There, Chandragupta engaged in intense meditation, refraining from food and drink for five weeks until he passed away due to self-imposed starvation, adhering to the practice of sallekhana or santhara.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs_on_Chandragupta_Maurya_Biography\"><\/span>FAQs on Chandragupta Maurya Biography<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Who_was_Chandragupta_Maurya\"><\/span>Who was Chandragupta Maurya?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Mauryan Empire, a prominent ancient Indian dynasty. He ruled from approximately 322 to 298 BCE and is known for unifying much of the Indian subcontinent.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Who_was_the_son_of_Chandragupta_Maurya\"><\/span>Who was the son of Chandragupta Maurya?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t Chandragupta Maurya's son was Bindusara, who succeeded him as the emperor of the Mauryan Empire.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Who_killed_Chandragupta_Maurya\"><\/span>: Who killed Chandragupta Maurya?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThere is no historical record of Chandragupta Maurya being killed by someone. He is believed to have passed away due to self-imposed starvation while practicing the Jain ritual of sallekhana.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_is_Chandragupta_Maurya_so_famous\"><\/span>Why is Chandragupta Maurya so famous?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tnowned for founding the Mauryan Empire, one of the largest and most powerful empires in ancient India. His reign marked a significant period of unity and prosperity in the Indian subcontinent.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vWho_is_older_Ashoka_or_Chandragupta_Maurya\"><\/span>vWho is older, Ashoka or Chandragupta Maurya?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tChandragupta Maurya was older than Ashoka. Chandragupta was Ashoka's grandfather, and he ruled before Ashoka ascended to the throne.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_many_wives_did_Chandragupta_have\"><\/span>How many wives did Chandragupta have?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t Chandragupta Maurya had two primary wives mentioned in historical records: Durdhara and Helena. Durdhara was his first wife, and Helena was the Greek princess he married after Alexander the Great's conquests in India.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n\t{\n\t\t\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n\t\t\"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n\t\t\"mainEntity\": [\n\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"Who was Chandragupta Maurya?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Mauryan Empire, a prominent ancient Indian dynasty. He ruled from approximately 322 to 298 BCE and is known for unifying much of the Indian subcontinent.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"Who was the son of Chandragupta Maurya?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"Chandragupta Maurya's son was Bindusara, who succeeded him as the emperor of the Mauryan Empire.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \": Who killed Chandragupta Maurya?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"There is no historical record of Chandragupta Maurya being killed by someone. He is believed to have passed away due to self-imposed starvation while practicing the Jain ritual of sallekhana.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"Why is Chandragupta Maurya so famous?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"nowned for founding the Mauryan Empire, one of the largest and most powerful empires in ancient India. His reign marked a significant period of unity and prosperity in the Indian subcontinent.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"vWho is older, Ashoka or Chandragupta Maurya?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"Chandragupta Maurya was older than Ashoka. Chandragupta was Ashoka's grandfather, and he ruled before Ashoka ascended to the throne.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"How many wives did Chandragupta have?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"Chandragupta Maurya had two primary wives mentioned in historical records: Durdhara and Helena. Durdhara was his first wife, and Helena was the Greek princess he married after Alexander the Great's conquests in India.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t]\n\t}\n<\/script>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chandragupta Maurya, who was also known to the Greeks by the name Sandrakottos or Sandrokottos, holds the distinction of being [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":53,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Chandragupta Maurya Biography","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Chandragupta Maurya Biography: Rise of the Mauryan Empire","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Explore the fascinating life of Chandragupta Maurya, the visionary leader who founded the mighty Mauryan Empire. Discover his journey to power, his pivotal role in shaping ancient India, and his legacy that still resonates today.","custom_permalink":"biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/"},"categories":[8961],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Chandragupta Maurya Biography: Rise of the Mauryan Empire<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore the fascinating life of Chandragupta Maurya, the visionary leader who founded the mighty Mauryan Empire. Discover his journey to power, his pivotal role in shaping ancient India, and his legacy that still resonates today.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chandragupta Maurya Biography: Rise of the Mauryan Empire\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Explore the fascinating life of Chandragupta Maurya, the visionary leader who founded the mighty Mauryan Empire. Discover his journey to power, his pivotal role in shaping ancient India, and his legacy that still resonates today.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Infinity Learn by Sri Chaitanya\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/InfinityLearn.SriChaitanya\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-09-26T06:40:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-07-25T10:42:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/infinitylearn.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1008\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@InfinityLearn_\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@InfinityLearn_\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ankit\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"12 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Chandragupta Maurya Biography: Rise of the Mauryan Empire","description":"Explore the fascinating life of Chandragupta Maurya, the visionary leader who founded the mighty Mauryan Empire. Discover his journey to power, his pivotal role in shaping ancient India, and his legacy that still resonates today.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Chandragupta Maurya Biography: Rise of the Mauryan Empire","og_description":"Explore the fascinating life of Chandragupta Maurya, the visionary leader who founded the mighty Mauryan Empire. Discover his journey to power, his pivotal role in shaping ancient India, and his legacy that still resonates today.","og_url":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/","og_site_name":"Infinity Learn by Sri Chaitanya","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/InfinityLearn.SriChaitanya\/","article_published_time":"2023-09-26T06:40:23+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-07-25T10:42:56+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1920,"height":1008,"url":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/infinitylearn.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@InfinityLearn_","twitter_site":"@InfinityLearn_","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Ankit","Est. reading time":"12 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/#organization","name":"Infinity Learn","url":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/InfinityLearn.SriChaitanya\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/infinitylearn_by_srichaitanya\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/infinity-learn-by-sri-chaitanya\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/InfinityLearnEdu","https:\/\/twitter.com\/InfinityLearn_"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/#logo","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"","contentUrl":"","caption":"Infinity Learn"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/#logo"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/#website","url":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/","name":"Infinity Learn by Sri Chaitanya","description":"Surge","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/","name":"Chandragupta Maurya Biography: Rise of the Mauryan Empire","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/#website"},"datePublished":"2023-09-26T06:40:23+00:00","dateModified":"2025-07-25T10:42:56+00:00","description":"Explore the fascinating life of Chandragupta Maurya, the visionary leader who founded the mighty Mauryan Empire. Discover his journey to power, his pivotal role in shaping ancient India, and his legacy that still resonates today.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Chandragupta Maurya Biography"}]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#webpage"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/#\/schema\/person\/d647d4ff3a1111ff8eeccdb6b12651cb"},"headline":"Chandragupta Maurya Biography","datePublished":"2023-09-26T06:40:23+00:00","dateModified":"2025-07-25T10:42:56+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biography\/chandragupta-maurya-biography\/#webpage"},"wordCount":2713,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Biography"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/#\/schema\/person\/d647d4ff3a1111ff8eeccdb6b12651cb","name":"Ankit","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/#personlogo","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b1068bdc2711bd9c9f8be3b229f758f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b1068bdc2711bd9c9f8be3b229f758f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ankit"},"url":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/author\/ankit\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/688423"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/53"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=688423"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/688423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":772124,"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/688423\/revisions\/772124"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=688423"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=688423"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=688423"},{"taxonomy":"table_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/table_tags?post=688423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}