{"id":84181,"date":"2022-01-31T16:42:29","date_gmt":"2022-01-31T11:12:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/?p=84181"},"modified":"2025-05-16T14:44:47","modified_gmt":"2025-05-16T09:14:47","slug":"ncert-solutions-for-class-12-political-science-alternative-centres-of-power","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/ncert-solution\/class-12\/pol-science\/alternative-centres-of-power\/","title":{"rendered":"NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Alternative Centres of Power"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_37 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' style='display:block'><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/ncert-solution\/class-12\/pol-science\/alternative-centres-of-power\/#NCERT_Solutions_for_Class_12_Political_Science_Chapter_4_Alternative_Centres_of_Power\" title=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 4 Alternative Centres of Power\">NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 4 Alternative Centres of Power<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/ncert-solution\/class-12\/pol-science\/alternative-centres-of-power\/#TEXTBOOK_QUESTIONS_SOLVED\" title=\"TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED\">TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/ncert-solution\/class-12\/pol-science\/alternative-centres-of-power\/#MORE_QUESTIONS_SOLVED\" title=\"MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED\">MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NCERT_Solutions_for_Class_12_Political_Science_Chapter_4_Alternative_Centres_of_Power\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\"><strong>NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 4 Alternative Centres of Power<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TEXTBOOK_QUESTIONS_SOLVED\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>1. Arrange the following in chronological order:<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> (a) China\u2019s accession to WTO<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> (b) Establishment of the EEC<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> (c) Establishment of tlr EU<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> (d) Birth of ARF<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> (b) Establishment of the EEC \u2013 1957<br \/>\n(c) Establishment of the EU \u2013 1992<br \/>\n(d) Birth of ARF \u2013 1994<br \/>\n(a) China\u2019s accession to WTO<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>2. The ASEAN WAY:<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> (a) Reflects the lifestyle of ASEAN members.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> (b) A form of interaction among ASEAN members that is informal and cooperative.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> (c) The defence policy followed by the ASEAN members.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> (d) The road that connects all the ASEAN members.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> (b) A form of interaction among ASEAN members that is informal and cooperative.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>3. Who among the following adopted an \u2018open door\u2019 policy?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> (a) China (b) EU<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> (c) Japan (d) USA<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> (a) China<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>4. Fill in the blanks:<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> (a) The border conflict between China and India in 1962 was principally over\u2026\u2026..and\u2026\u2026..region.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> (b) ARF was established in the year\u2026\u2026..<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> (c) China entered into bilateral relations with \u2026\u2026\u2026(a major country) in 1972.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> (d) \u2026\u2026\u2026..plan influenced the establishment of the organisation for European Economic Cooperation in 1948.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> (e)\u2026\u2026\u2026.. is the organisation of ASEAN that deals with security.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> (a) Arunachal Pradesh, Aksai Chin,<br \/>\n(b) 1994, (c) the US, (d) Marshall,<br \/>\n(e) Asian Regional Forum.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>5. What are the objectives of establishing regional organisations?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> The regional organisations are established with the following objectives:<br \/>\n1. To make regional development at par the fast growing global economy.<br \/>\n2. To accelerate economic growth through the social progress and cultural development.<br \/>\n3. To promote regional peace and stability based on the rule of law and the principles of United Nations Charter.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>6. How does the geographical proximity influence the formation of regional organisations?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> The geographical proximity influences the formation of regional organisations because:<br \/>\n1. It is influenced by almost some historical enmities and weaknesses.<br \/>\n2. Sometimes the similar interests come together.<br \/>\n3. Even fruitful areas for regional economy are also the result of geographical proximity.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>7. Wha.are the components of the ASEAN Visiong020?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\nAns<strong>:<\/strong> The com10nents of ASEAN Vision 2020 can be summed up as follows:<br \/>\n1. An ou.ward looking role in internatioial community.<br \/>\n2. To encourage negotiations over conflicts in tie region.<br \/>\n3. To mediate tc end the conflicts i.e. Cambodian conflict, East Timor Crisis, annual discussion on East Asian Cooperatioi through meetings.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>8. Name the pillars aid objectives of ASEAN community.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> The ASEAN community established the following three pillars:<br \/>\n1. The ASEAN Security Community<br \/>\n2. The ASEAN Economic Community<br \/>\n3. The ASEAN Socio-cultural Community.<br \/>\nThe objectives of ASEAN community are as follows:<br \/>\n1. Territorial disputes should not escalate into armed confrontations.<br \/>\n2. To accelerate economic growth through social progress and cultural development.<br \/>\n3. To promote regional peace and stability based on the rule of law and the principles of the United Nations Charter.<br \/>\n4. To establish dispute settlement mechanism to resolve economic disputes.<br \/>\n5. To create Free Trade Areas for investments, labour and services.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>9. In what ways does the present Chinese economy differ from its command economy?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> The present Chinese economy has adopted the \u2018open door policy\u2019 to generate higher productivity by investments of capital and technology. It differed from its command economy in the following manner:<br \/>\n1. It broke stagnancy of command economy.<br \/>\n2.Command economy lagged behind the industrial production but Chinese economy recovered it by privatisation of agriculture and industry.<br \/>\n3. The present Chinese economy established new trading laws and created Special Economic Zones leading higher rise in foreign trade. During Command economy the international trade was minimal and per capita income was very low.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>10. How did the European countries resolve their Post Second World War problem? Briefly outline the attempts that led to the formation of the European Union.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> After the end of Second World War in 1945, the European States confronted the ruin of their economies and the destruction of assumptions and structures on which Europe had been founded. European countries resolved their Post Second World War problems in the following manner:<br \/>\n1. Under the \u2018Marshall Plan\u2019 the USA provided financial help to revive European economy.<br \/>\n2. The US also created a new collective security structure under NATO.<br \/>\n3. Under the \u2018Marshall Plan\u2019 the organisation for European Economic Cooperation was established in 1948 to extend cooperation on trade and economic issues among the Western European States.<br \/>\n4. European Union was founded in 1992 for a common foreign and security policy, cooperation on justice and home affairs and creation of a single currency. It evolved from an economic union to political one over time.<br \/>\nThe following attempts led to the formation of European Union:<br \/>\n1. The Council of Europe was established in 1949 for political cooperation.<br \/>\n2. The process of economic integration of European Capitalist countries led to the formation of European Economic Community in 1957.<br \/>\n3. The above mentioned processes acquired a political dimension with the creation of European Parliament.<br \/>\n4. The collapse of Soviet bloc put Europe on a fast track and resulted in the establishment of European Union in 1992.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>11. What makes the European Union a highly influential regional organisation?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> As a supernational organisation, the European Union bears economic, political diplomacy and military influence as a regional organisation in the following manner:<br \/>\n1. Economic Influence:<br \/>\n(\u0430) Three times larger share in world trade than the US.<br \/>\n(b) Its currency Euro, can pose a threat to the dominance of the US dollar.<br \/>\n(c) The EU functions as an important bloc in the World Trade Organisation (WTO).<br \/>\n2. Political and Diplomatic Influences:<br \/>\n(a) Two members of the EU, Britain and France hold permanent seats in the Security Council to influence the UN policies.<br \/>\n(b) The EU also includes various non-permanent members of the UNSC.<br \/>\n(c) The European Union play an influential role in diplomacy and negotiations except the military force i.e. the EU\u2019s dialogue with China on human rights and environmental degradation is remarkable.<br \/>\n3. Military Influence:<br \/>\n(o) The EU\u2019s combined armed fo^fees are second largest in the world.<br \/>\n(b) Its total expenditure on military is second to the US.<br \/>\n(c) Its two important members\u2014 Britain and France also experience nuclear ascends of 550 nuclear warheads.<br \/>\n(d) The EU is world\u2019s second most important source of space and communications technology.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>12. The emerging economies of China and India have great potential to challenge the unipolar world. Do you agree with the statement? Substantiate your arguments.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> The Indo-China relations experience strategically organised as rising economic powers in global politics and to play a major role in Asian economy after the end of Cold War. It can be proved on the following grounds:<br \/>\n1. The new economic policies of India and China have broken their economy from stagnancy.<br \/>\n2. The creation of special economic zones led to a phenomenal rise in foreign trade.<br \/>\n3. China has become the most important destination for foreign direct investment anywhere in the world. Hence, it has large reserves for foreign exchange to allow it to make big investment in other countries.<br \/>\n4. At the global level also, India and China have adopted similar policies in World Trade Organisation to deepen integration with the world economy to challenge unipolar world.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>13. The peace and prosperity of countries lay in the establishment and strengthening of regional economic organisations. Justify this statement.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> This statement represents the ASEAN Regional Forum and the European Union, where ASEAN Regional Forum is based on the notion not to escalate territorial disputes into armed confrontation:<br \/>\n1. The ASEAN is rapidly growing as a regional organisation with the Vision 2020 including an outward looking role in international community and to encourage negotiations over conflicts in the region.<br \/>\n2. ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) maintains coordination of security and foreign policy.<br \/>\n3. The EU has also been funded on the ground of common foreign and security policy, cooperation on justice and home affairs.<br \/>\n4. The European Union has also extended cooperation while acquiring new members especially from Soviet bloc.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>14. Identify the contentious issues between China and India. How could these be resolved for greater cooperation? Give your suggestions.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> The relations with China experience friendly gestures from India as India signed popular \u2018Panchsheel\u2019 to develop Indo-China relations in 1954 and advocated China\u2019s membership to the United Nations. Still, after 1957, various contentious issues arose in Indo-China relations:<br \/>\n1. In 1962, military conflict over a border dispute of MacMohan Line resulted on unwarranted claim by China which now lie in Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin region of Ladakh.<br \/>\n2. Differences arose from Chinese take over of Tibet in 1950 which was protested by India against China.<br \/>\n3. After Panchsheel, attack by China on India in 1962, to occupy larger territories of India, created humiliation.<br \/>\n4. China\u2019s assistance to Pakistan\u2019s nuclear programme also created differences.<br \/>\n5. China\u2019s military relations with Bangladesh and Myanmar were viewed as hostile to Indian interests.<br \/>\nAll the above mentioned differences\/ disputes could be resolved for greater cooperation-<br \/>\n1. Both the countries should make some more efforts to revive harmonious attitude between themselves.<br \/>\n2. Both the countries should move hand-in-hand to fight against terrorism, nuclear race and economic disparities.<br \/>\n3. Both the countries should develop understanding and respect.<br \/>\n4. Hence, both of them have signed agreements on cultural exchange and cooperation in science and technology.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MORE_QUESTIONS_SOLVED\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Very Short Answer Type Questions [ 1 Mark]<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>1. What is meant by \u2018ASEAN WAT?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> \u2018ASEAN WAY\u2019 is an interaction that is informal, confrontationist and cooperative to promote supernational structures in the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN).<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>2. Correct the following statement and rewrite ASEAN stands for Association of South East African Nations.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> Or<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> What does ASEAN stand for?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> ASEAN stands for Association of South East Asian Nations.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>3. In which year the European Union was established?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> 1992<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>4. What is the common currency of EU?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> EURO<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>5. Name any two older members of EU.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> Austria and Denmark<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>6. Name any two new members of EU.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> Estonia and Poland.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>7. What does the circle with golden stars on the European Union flag stand for?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> The circle with golden stars on the European Union flag stands for solidarity and harmony between the people of Europe.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>8. Mention the major challenges faced in Europe after Second World War.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> 1. Shattered many assumptions and structures on which European states maintained their relations.<br \/>\n2. The European states confronted the ruin of economies and the destruction on which Europe had been founded.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>9. What is European Union?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> European Union is a group of European capitalist countries established in 1992 for common goal of foreign and security policy, cooperation and home affairs.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>10. What was Marshall Plan?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> Marshall Plan was introduced by America to provide financial help for revival of European economy.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>11. Name two countries of European Union who opposed America\u2019s Iraq invasion.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer: <\/strong><\/span>Germany and France.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>12. What is ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> ASEAN Regional Forum was established in 1994 to carry out coordination and foreign policy among ASEAN members.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>13. What is the significance of ASEAN flag?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> In the ASEAN logo, the ten stellas of paddy (rice) represent the ten South East Asian countries bound together in friendship and solidarity. The circle symbolises the unity of ASEAN.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>14. When did China get independence?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> 1949<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>15. What is SEZs (Special Economic Zones)?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> Special Economic Zones are created to set up their own enterprises by foreign investors.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>16. Mention the three pillars formed in ASEAN.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> 1. The ASEAN Security Community<br \/>\n2. The ASEAN Economic Community<br \/>\n3. The ASEAN Socio-Cultural Com-munity.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Very Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks]<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>1. Which four common symbols make the European Union look like a nation state?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> The European Union has its own flag, anthem, founding date and currency.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>2. Mention any two steps taken by China to improve its economy.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> 1. Special Economic Zones (SEZs) were created to invite foreign investors to set up their own enterprises.<br \/>\n2. The privatisation of agriculture and industry in 1982 and 1998.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>3. Mention the agreements signed between India and ASEAN.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\nAns<strong>:<\/strong> 1. India signed Free Trade Areas (FTAs) with two ASEAN members, Singapore and Thailand.<br \/>\n2. India is trying to sign on FTA with ASEAN itself.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>4. What are the odds which limit the ability of EU?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> European Union is a supernational organisation but in many areas its member states have their own foreign relations and defence policies that are often at odds as-<br \/>\n1. British Prime Minister Tony Blair supported the US\u2019s Iraq invasion and many new members made US led \u2018coalition of willing\u2019 while Germany and France opposed it.<br \/>\n2. Denmark and Sweden have resisted the Maastricht treaty and the adoption of the Euro.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>5. \u201cThe European Union is a nation state more than a Economic Union\u201d. Justify the statement. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\nAns<strong>:<\/strong> The European Union has now started to act more as a nation state because:<br \/>\n1. European Union has its own flag, anthem, founding date and common currency.<br \/>\n2. European Union bears common foreign and security policy.<br \/>\n3. The EU has made efforts to expand areas of cooperation while acquiring new members especially from Soviet bloc.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>6. How can we say that ASEAN is an economic association?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> To more extent it can be said that ASEAN is an economic association:<br \/>\n1. ASEAN Economic Community aims at to create open market and production based activities within ASEAN states.<br \/>\n2. ASEAN has created Free Trade Areas (FTAs) for investment, labour and services.<br \/>\n3. The current economic strength of ASEAN as a trading and investment partner to the growing Asian economies as India and China make this attractive proposition.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>7. What are the objectives of ASEAN Economic Community? <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer: <\/strong><\/span>The objectives of ASEAN Economic Community are as follows:<br \/>\n1. To create common market and production based activities within ASEAN states.<br \/>\n2. To aid social and economic development.<br \/>\n3. To resolve economic disputes, the existing dispute settlement mechanism has been improved.<br \/>\n4. Free Trade Areas for investment, labour and services have also been created.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>8. How do ASEAN members commit to uphold peace and neutrality?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> ASEAN members commit to uphold peace and neutrality-<br \/>\n1. ASEAN security community is based on the conviction that territorial disputes should not escalate into armed confrontation.<br \/>\n2. By 2003, ASEAN had several agreements among members states to uphold peace, neutrality, cooperation, non-interference, respect for national differences and sovereign rights.<br \/>\n3. ASEAN Regional Forum was established in 1994 to coordinate security and foreign policy.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>9. What are economic challenges of China despite its economic development?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> Though the Chinese economy has improved dramatically, still everyone in China has not been benefitted by the reforms which can be judged by the following facts-<br \/>\n1. Unemployment has risen. About 100 million people are looking for jobs.<br \/>\n2. Female employment and conditions are bad as in Europe of 18th and 19th centuries.<br \/>\n3. Increasing environmental degradation and corruption.<br \/>\n4. Rising economic inequality between rural and urban residents.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>10. How did relations improve after the conflict of 1962 between India and China?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> Indo-China war of 1962 had complicated Indo-China relations. After 1976 the relations began to improve slowly because:<br \/>\n1. China\u2019s policy became more pragmatic and less ideological due to change in China\u2019s political leadership in the late 1970s when China got ready to settle the contentious issues.<br \/>\n2. A series of talks to resol ve the border issues were also initiated to develop harmonious relations.<\/p>\n<p>S<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>hort Answer Type Questions [4 Marks]<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>1. How has the European Union evolved over time from an economic union to an increasingly political one? <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> The European Union has evolved over time from an economic union to an increasingly political one. The EU has started to act more as a nation state. While the attempts to have a constitution for the EU have failed, it has its own flag, anthem, founding date, and currency. It also has some form of a common foreign and security policy in its dealings with other nations. The European Union has tried to expand areas of cooperation while acquiring new members, especially from the erstwhile Soviet bloc. The process has not proved easy, for people in many countries are not very enthusiastic in giving the EU powers that were exercised by the government of their country. There are also reservations about including some new countries within the European Union.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>2. Explain the political, diplomatic influence of European Union as a supernational organisation.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> Political and Diplomatic Influences:<br \/>\n(a) Two members of the EU \u2014 Britain and France hold permanent seats in the Security Council to influence the UN policies.<br \/>\n(b) The EU also includes various non-permanent members of the UNSC.<br \/>\n(c) The European Union plays an influential role in diplomacy and negotiations except the military force<br \/>\ni. e. the EU\u2019s dialogue with China on human rights and environmental degradation is remarkable.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>3. What led to the evolution of the EU from an economic union to an increasingly political one?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> The European Union has now started to act more as a nation state because-<br \/>\n(i) European Union has its own flag, anthem, founding date and common currency.<br \/>\n(ii) European Union bears common foreign and security policy.<br \/>\n(iii) The EU has made efforts to expand areas of cooperation while acquiring new members especially from Soviet bloc.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>4. What are the objectives behind the formation of ASEAN?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> The objectives behind the formation of ASEAN are as follows:<br \/>\n1. Territorial disputes should not escalate into armed confrontations.<br \/>\n2. To accelerate economic growth through social progress and cultural development.<br \/>\n3. To promote regional peace and stability based on the rule of law and the principles of United Nations<br \/>\n; charter.<br \/>\n4. To establish Dispute Settlement Mechanism to resolve economic disputes.<br \/>\n5. To create Free Trade Areas for investment, labour and services.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>5. Describe any four significant characteristics of ASEAN.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> 1. To create common market and production based activities within ASEAN States.<br \/>\n2. To aid social and economic development.<br \/>\n3. To resolve economic disputes, the existing dispute settlement mechanism has been improved.<br \/>\n4. Free Trade Areas for investment, labour and services have also been created.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>6. What role has been played by European Union in solving the problems of the European countries?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> 1. The EU functions as an important bloc in international organisation as World Trade Organisation to intervene in economic areas.<br \/>\n2. The EU has expanded areas of cooperation while acquiring new members especially from Soviet bloc.<br \/>\n3. The EU has an influential role in the UN policies because its two members\u2014Britain and France hold permanent seats in the UN Security Council.<br \/>\n4. The EU is influential in the areas of diplomacy, economic investments and negotiation.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>7. Why India and China both view themselves as rising powers in global politics in spite of tensions between them? Substantiate your answer by giving any four events that have brought cordiality in their relationship.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> Due to Indian initiatives, Indo-China relations improved. In 1954, India signed famous Panchsheel starting a new era of Indo-China friendship. But after 1957 some contentious issues had been arisen between them:<br \/>\n(i) Tibet Problem<br \/>\n(ii) Border Issues<br \/>\n(iii) Chinese Attack in 1962<br \/>\n(iv) Chinese Assistance to Pakistan.<br \/>\nGradually, both the countries came together to develop harmonious relations between themselves:<br \/>\n1. Attempt to normalise relations were restored by exchange of ambassadors.<br \/>\n2. Joint Working Group was set up by both the countries to resolve border dispute.<br \/>\n3. Both of them committed to reduce the forces on Indo-China border.<br \/>\n4. Indian and Chinese leadership and official visits with great frequency.<br \/>\n5. Increasing transportation and communication links, common economic interests and global concerns.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>8. Why was European Union founded? What <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>were its objectives and significance?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> The European Union was founded in 1992 for a common foreign and security policy, cooperation on justice and home affairs and to create a single currency. Objectives:<br \/>\n1. The circle of gold stars on the flag stands for solidarity and harmony between European Union States.<br \/>\n2. To expand areas of co-operation while acquiring new members especially from Soviet bloc.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>9. Why ASEAN was established?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> ASEAN is the regional association to provide a political forum to discuss political and security concerns-<br \/>\n1. Before and during the Second World War, the southeastern region of Asia suffered the economic and political consequences of repeated colonialism, both European and Japanese.<br \/>\n2. At the end of war it confronted problems of nation building, the progress of poverty and economic backwardness and the pressure to align with one great power or another during cold war.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>10. \u201cChina has emerged as third alternative to world power\u201d. Examine.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> China emerged as the third alternative to world power since its economic reforms of 1978 as China has been the fastest growing economy since the reforms first began there-<br \/>\n1. China is projected to overtake the US as the world\u2019s largest economy by 2040.<br \/>\n2. Its economic integration into the region makes it drive of East Asian growth.<br \/>\n3. Its strength of economy are population, landmass, resources, regional location, political influence, added to its power.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>11. How did China end its political and economic isolation?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> China had adopted Soviet model of economy. Despite development, China faced economic crisis as industrial production was not growing fast, international trade was minimal. Under these situations some major pplicy decisions were taken-<br \/>\n1. China established relations with the US in 1972.<br \/>\n2. China proposed four areas of modernisation as agriculture, industry, science and technology in 1973.<br \/>\n3. Open door policy was introduced to generate higher productivity by investment of capital and technology from abroad.<br \/>\n4. Privatisation of agriculture and industry in 1982 and 1998.<br \/>\n5. China set Special Economic Zones to remove trade barriers.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>12. \u201cChinese economy has been recognised at the global level\u201d. Justify.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> China has introduced open market economy which is moving China towards global economy due to following facts-<br \/>\n1. The integration of Chinese-economy and interdependencies has enabled China to have considerable influence with its trade partners.<br \/>\n2. The open door policy has stabilised the ASEAN economy.<br \/>\n3. China\u2019s outward looking for investment and aid policies in Latin America and Africa are protecting China as a global player.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Passage Based Questions [5 Marks]<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>1. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> ASEAN was and still remains principally an economic association. While the ASEAN region as a whole is a much smaller economy compared to the US the EU, and Japan, its economy is growing much faster than all these. This accounts for the growth in its influence both in the region and beyond. The objectives of the ASEAN Economic Community are to create a common market and production base within ASEAN States and to aid social and economic development in the region. The Economic Community would also like to improve the existing ASEAN Dispute Settlement Mechanism to resolve economic disputes. ASEAN has focused on creating a Free Trade Area (FTA) for investment, labour, and services. The US and China have already moved fast to negotiate FTAs with ASEAN.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>Questions<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> 1. What is the objective of ASEAN Economic Community?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> 2. Why did ASEAN establish Free Trade Areas (FTAs)?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> 3. How ASEAN Economic Community would resolve economic disputes?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> 4. Which countries have already moved fast to negotiate FTAs with ASEAN and why?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n1. To create common market and production based activities within ASEAN states itself and to aid social and economic development.<br \/>\n2. Free Trade Areas have been established for investment, labour and services.<br \/>\n3. By improving the existing ASEAN Dispute Settlement Mechanism.<br \/>\n4. ASEAN is rapidly growing into areas of regional organisation with its Vision 2020.<\/p>\n<p>2. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions:<br \/>\nThe conflict of 1962, in which India suffered military reverses, had long-term implications for India-China relations. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were downgraded until 1976. Thereafter, relltions between the two countries began to improve slowly. After the change in China\u2019s political leadership from the mid to late 1970s, China\u2019s policy became more pragmatic and less ideological. So it was prepared to, put off the settlement of contentious issues while improving relations with India. A series of talks to resolve the border issue were also initiated in 1981.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>Questions<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> 1. Why did India suffer military reverses as a result of conflict of 1962?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> 2. When did the relations between India and China begin to improve?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> 3. What was the change in the policy of China in the seventies?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> 4. Which efforts were made to resolve the border issues between India and China?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n1. Due to territorial claims principally in Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin region of Ladakh.<br \/>\n2. From the mid to late 1970s.<br \/>\n3. China\u2019s policy became more pragmatic and less ideological in the seventies.<br \/>\n4. 1. It prepared to put off settlements<br \/>\nof contentious issues.<br \/>\n2. A series of talks to resolve the border issues were initiated in 1981.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Long Answer Type Questions [6 Marks]<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>1. How did China rise to be an economic superpower? Assess.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> China had adopted Soviet model of economy. Despite development, China faced economic crisis as industrial production was not growing fast, international trade was minimal. Under these situations some major policy decisions were taken-<br \/>\n1. China established relations with the US in 1972.<br \/>\n2. China proposed four areas of modernisation as agriculture, industry, science and technology in 1973.<br \/>\n3. Open door policy was introduced to generate higher productivity by investment of capital and technology from abroad.<br \/>\n4. Privatisation of agriculture and industry in 1982 and 1998.<br \/>\n5. China set Special Economic Zones to remove trade barriers.<br \/>\n6. The integration of Chinese economy and inter-dependencies has enabled China to have considerable influence with its trade partners.<br \/>\n7. The open door policy has stabilised the ASEAN economy.<br \/>\n8. China\u2019s outward looking for investment and aid policies in Latin America and Africa are projecting China as a global player.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>2. Why is the EU considered a highly influential regional organisation in the economic, political and military fields?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> Because-<br \/>\n1. Economic Influence:<br \/>\n(a) Three times larger share in World trade than the US.<br \/>\n(b) Its currency Euro can pose a threat to the dominance of US Dollar.<br \/>\n(c) The EU functions as an important bloc in World Trade Organisation (WTO).<br \/>\n2. Political Influence:<br \/>\n(\u0430) Two members of the EU, Britain and France hold permanent seats in Security Council to influence UN policies.<br \/>\n(b) The EU also includes various non-permanent members of UNSC.<br \/>\n(c) The European Union plays an influential role in diplomacy and negotiations except military force i.e. EU\u2019s dialogue with China on Human Rights and environmental degradation is remarkable.<br \/>\n3. Military Influence:<br \/>\n(a) The EU\u2019s combined armed forces are second largest in world.<br \/>\n(b) Its total military expenditure is second to the US.<br \/>\n(c) Its two important members\u2014 Britain and France also experience nuclear arsenals of 550 nuclear warheads.<br \/>\n(d) The EU is world\u2019s second most important source of space and communication technology.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>3. Discuss Indo-China relations.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span> The relations with China experienced friendly gestures from India as India signed popular \u2018Panchsheel\u2019 to develop Indo-China relations in 1954 and advocated China\u2019s membership to the United Nations still, after 1957, various contentious issues arose in Indo-China relations-<br \/>\n1. In 1962, military conflict over a border dispute of MacMohan Line resulted an unwarranted claim by China which lies now in Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin regions of Ladakh.<br \/>\n2. Differences arose from Chinese take over of Tibet in 1950 which was protested by India against China.<br \/>\n3. After Panchsheel, attack by China on India in 1962, to occupy larger territories of India, created a humiliation.<br \/>\n4. China\u2019s assistance to Pakistan\u2019s nuclear programme also created differences.<br \/>\n5. China\u2019s military relations with Bangladesh and Myanmar were viewed as hostile to Indian interests.<br \/>\nAll the above mentioned differences\/ disputes could be resolved for greater cooperation.<br \/>\n1. Both the countries should make some more efforts to revive harmonious attitude between themselves.<br \/>\n2. Both the countries should move hand-in-hand to fight against terrorism, nuclear race and economic disparities.<br \/>\n3. Both the countries should develop mutual understanding and respect.<br \/>\n4. Hence, both of them have signed agreements on cultural exchange and cooperation in science and technology.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Picture\/Map Based Questions [5 Marks]<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>A1. Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>Question.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> 1. The given cartoon is related to which country?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> 2. Which two symbols in this cartoon helped in identifying the country?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> 3. What message does this cartoon convey to the world?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n1. This cartoon is related to China.<br \/>\n2. The Dragon and the Great Wall helped in identifying the country.<br \/>\n3. This cartoon conveys a message to the world that China is emerging as a great economic power.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>2. Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>question.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> 1. What does the cartoon represent?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> 2. Name the policy that is being represented in the cartoon.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> 3. What does the \u2018Competition\u2019 refer to in the cartoon?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> 4. \u201cWe\u2019ll have to get used to it\u201d. What does it denote?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n1. India\u2019s policy towards ASEAN.<br \/>\n2. \u2018Look East\u2019 Policy since 1991 to interact with ASEAN, China, Japan and South Korea.<br \/>\n3. Competition among various countries to develop potential relations with ASEAN.<br \/>\n4. It denotes India\u2019s strategy towards using free trade areas with ASEAN<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>B. On a political outline map of world locate and label the following and symbolise them as indicated:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>Questions<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> 1. An older member of EU between Portugal and France. Symbolise (A)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> 2. An older member near Belgium and Netherlands. Symbolise (B)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> 3. The four new members of EU. Symbolise 1, 2, 3, 4.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong> 4. Four old members of EU. Symbolise 5, 6, 7, 8.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n1. Spain<br \/>\n2. Germany<br \/>\n3. 1. Estonia 2. Poland<br \/>\n3. Hungary 4. Lithuania<br \/>\n4. 5. Finland 6. Denmark<br \/>\n7. Austria 8. Ireland<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n<table class=\"table table-bordered table-striped\" style=\"width: 100%;\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #89cff0; color: black;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99.7271%; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"4\"><strong>Check Subject-Wise Free Study Materials for Class 1 to 12<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 22.3738%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/physics\/\"><strong>Physics<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4666%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/chemistry\/\"><strong>Chemistry<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.2387%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/maths\/\"><strong>Maths<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.648%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/biology\/\"><strong>Biology<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #89cff0; color: black;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99.7271%; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/articles\"><strong>Articles<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 22.3738%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/articles\/physics-articles\/\"><strong>Physics Articles<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4666%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/articles\/chemistry-articles\/\"><strong>Chemistry Articles<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.2387%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/articles\/math-articles\"><strong>Maths Articles<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.648%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/articles\/biology-articles\/\"><strong>Biology Articles<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #89cff0; color: black;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99.7271%; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/\"><strong>Topics<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 22.3738%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/physics-topics\"><strong>Physics Topics<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4666%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/chemistry-topics\/\"><strong>Chemistry Topics<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.2387%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/topics\/maths-topics\"><strong>Maths Topics<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.648%; text-align: center;\"><strong>Biology Topics<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #89cff0; color: black;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99.7271%; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"4\"><strong>Difference Between Articles<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 22.3738%; text-align: center;\"><strong>Difference Between Articles in Physics<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4666%; text-align: center;\"><strong>Difference Between Articles in Chemistry Formulas<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.2387%; text-align: center;\"><strong>Difference Between Articles in Maths Formulas<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.648%; text-align: center;\"><strong>Difference Between Articles in Biology Formulas<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #89cff0; color: black;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99.7271%; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\"><strong>Formulas<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 22.3738%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/physics-formulas\/\"><strong>Physics Formulas<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4666%; text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/chemistry-formulas\/\">Chemistry Formulas<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.2387%; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/formulas\/math-formulas\/\"><strong>Maths Formulas<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 4 Alternative Centres of Power TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED 1. Arrange the following [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"\"Get NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Alternative Centres of Power on Infinity learn\"","custom_permalink":"ncert-solution\/class-12\/pol-science\/alternative-centres-of-power\/"},"categories":[19,21],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Alternative Centres of Power - Infinity Learn by Sri Chaitanya<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"&quot;Get NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Alternative Centres of Power on Infinity learn&quot;\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/ncert-solution\/class-12\/pol-science\/alternative-centres-of-power\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Alternative Centres of Power - 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