{"id":89934,"date":"2022-02-13T16:22:57","date_gmt":"2022-02-13T10:52:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/?p=89934"},"modified":"2025-05-06T16:50:59","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T11:20:59","slug":"light-reflection-and-refraction-class-10-notes-science-chapter-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-material\/light-reflection-and-refraction\/class-10\/notes\/science\/chapter-10\/","title":{"rendered":"CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_37 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' style='display:block'><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-material\/light-reflection-and-refraction\/class-10\/notes\/science\/chapter-10\/#CBSE_Class_10_Science_Notes_Chapter_10_Light_Reflection_and_Refraction\" title=\"CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction\">CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-material\/light-reflection-and-refraction\/class-10\/notes\/science\/chapter-10\/#Reflection\" title=\"Reflection\">Reflection<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-material\/light-reflection-and-refraction\/class-10\/notes\/science\/chapter-10\/#Parameters_of_Mirror\" title=\"Parameters of Mirror\">Parameters of Mirror<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-material\/light-reflection-and-refraction\/class-10\/notes\/science\/chapter-10\/#Special_Rays_for_Formation_of_Image\" title=\"Special Rays for Formation of Image\">Special Rays for Formation of Image<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-material\/light-reflection-and-refraction\/class-10\/notes\/science\/chapter-10\/#Sign_Conventions_of_Spherical_Mirror\" title=\"Sign Conventions of Spherical Mirror\">Sign Conventions of Spherical Mirror<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-material\/light-reflection-and-refraction\/class-10\/notes\/science\/chapter-10\/#Refraction\" title=\"Refraction\">Refraction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-material\/light-reflection-and-refraction\/class-10\/notes\/science\/chapter-10\/#Special_Rays_for_Image_Formation_by_Lens\" title=\"Special Rays for Image Formation by Lens\">Special Rays for Image Formation by Lens<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-material\/light-reflection-and-refraction\/class-10\/notes\/science\/chapter-10\/#Use_of_Lens\" title=\"Use of Lens\">Use of Lens<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-material\/light-reflection-and-refraction\/class-10\/notes\/science\/chapter-10\/#Related_Links\" title=\"Related Links\">Related Links<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>In light reflection and refraction class 10 notes students learn about the concepts of reflection and refraction of light using the straight-line propagation of light. The chapter also explores natural optical phenomena. Additionally, it covers the reflection of light by spherical mirrors and discusses their practical applications in everyday life.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Class_10_Science_Notes_Chapter_10_Light_Reflection_and_Refraction\"><\/span>CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reflection\"><\/span>Reflection<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reflection of Light:<\/strong> The phenomenon of bouncing back of light into the same medium by the smooth surface is called <strong>reflection<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Incident light:<\/strong> Light which falls on the surface is called incident light.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reflected light:<\/strong> Light which goes back after reflection is called reflected light.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The angle of incidence:<\/strong> The angle between the incident ray and the normal.<\/li>\n<li><strong>An angle of reflection:<\/strong> The angle between the reflected ray and the normal.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mirror:<\/strong> The surface which can reflect the light is a mirror.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Plane Mirror:<\/strong> If the reflecting surface is a plane then the mirror is plane.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Spherical Mirror:<\/strong> If the reflecting surface is part of the hollow sphere then the mirror is a <a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/class-10\/physics\/light\/spherical-mirrors\/\"><strong>spherical mirror<\/strong><\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The spherical mirror is of two types:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Convex mirror:<\/strong> In this mirror reflecting surface is convex. It diverges the light so it is also called a diverging mirror.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Concave mirror:<\/strong> In this mirror reflecting surface is concave. It converges the light so it is also called converging mirror.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/mcqs\/class-10-science-light\/\">CBSE Class 10 Science MCQ Chapter 10 Light<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Parameters_of_Mirror\"><\/span>Parameters of Mirror<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Center of Curvature: The centre of hollow sphere of which mirror is a part.<\/li>\n<li>The radius of curvature: The radius of hollow sphere of which mirror is a part.<\/li>\n<li>Pole: The centre of mirror (middle point) is pole.<\/li>\n<li>Principal axis: The line joining the pole and center of curvature is called principal axis.<\/li>\n<li>Aperture: Size of mirror is called aperture of mirror.<\/li>\n<li>Principal Focus: The point on the principal axis, where all the incident rays parallel to principal axis converge or diverge after reflection through mirror.<\/li>\n<li>Focal Length: The distance between pole and focus point is focal length.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Special_Rays_for_Formation_of_Image\"><\/span>Special Rays for Formation of Image<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>A ray of light which is parallel to the principal axis of a spherical mirror, after reflection converges or diverges from focus.<\/li>\n<li>A ray of light passing through or appearing from the center of curvature of spherical mirror is reflected back along the same path.<\/li>\n<li>A ray of light passing through or appearing from the focus of spherical mirror becomes parallel to the principal axis.<\/li>\n<li>A ray of light which is incident at the pole of a spherical mirror is reflected back making same angle with principal axis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Use of Concave Mirror:<\/strong> It is used as a makeup mirror, the reflector in torches, in headlights of cars and searchlights, doctor\u2019s head-mirrors, solar furnace, etc.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sign_Conventions_of_Spherical_Mirror\"><\/span>Sign Conventions of Spherical Mirror<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>All the distances are measured from the pole of the mirror as the origin.<\/li>\n<li>Distances measured in the direction of incident rays are taken as positive.<\/li>\n<li>Distances measured opposite to the direction of incident rays are taken as negative.<\/li>\n<li>Distances measured upward and perpendicular to the principal axis are taken as positive.<\/li>\n<li>Distances measured downward and perpendicular to the principal axis are taken as negative.<br \/>\n\\(\\frac { 1 }{ f } =\\frac { 1 }{ v } +\\frac { 1 }{ u }\\) \u2026where f, v and u are focal length, image distance, object distance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Linear Magnification:<\/strong> This is the ratio of the height of the image to the height of the object.<br \/>\n\\(m=\\frac { { h }^{ \u2018 } }{ h }\\) \u2026where m = magnification, h = height of image, h\u2019 = height of object<\/p>\n<p><strong>Use of Convex Mirror:<\/strong> Convex mirror used as rear view mirror in vehicles, as shop security mirrors, etc.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Refraction\"><\/span>Refraction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Refraction of Light:<\/strong> The bending of light at the interface of two different mediums is called Refraction of light.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>If the velocity of light in medium is more, then medium is called optical rarer.<br \/>\nExample, air or vacuum is more optical rarer.<\/li>\n<li>If the velocity of light in medium is less, then medium is called optical denser.<br \/>\nExample, glass is more denser than air.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Refractive Index:<\/strong> It represents the amount or extent of bending of light when it passes from one medium to another.<br \/>\nThere are two types of refractive index<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Relative refractive index and<\/li>\n<li>Absolute refractive index.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Refractive index of medium with respect to other medium is called Relative Refractive Index.<br \/>\nRefractive index of medium 1 with respect to medium 2 = \\(\\frac { Speed\\quad of\\quad light\\quad in\\quad medium\\quad 2(V2) }{ Speed\\quad of\\quad light\\quad in\\quad medium\\quad 1(V1) }\\)<\/p>\n<p>Refractive index of medium with respect to air or vacuum is called Absolute Refractive Index.<br \/>\nAbsolute refractive index of medium (m) = \\(\\frac { Speed of light in air(c) }{ Speed of light in medium (Vm) }\\)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Incident ray:<\/strong> It is incoming ray on the refracting surface.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Refracted ray:<\/strong> It is an outgoing ray from the refracting surface.<\/li>\n<li><strong>An angle of incidence (i):<\/strong> It is the angle between incident rays and perpendicular line (normal) at the point of incidence.<\/li>\n<li><strong>An angle of refraction (r):<\/strong> It is the angle between refracted rays and perpendicular line (normal) at the point of incidence.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/snells-law-formula\/\"><strong>Law of Refraction<\/strong><\/a><strong>:<\/strong> According to this law<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\u201cThe incident ray, refracted ray and normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cThe ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant.\u201d<br \/>\n\\(\\frac { sin\\quad i }{ sin\\quad r }\\) = constant (\u00b5)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Lens:<\/strong> The transparent refracting medium bounded by two surfaces in which at least one surface is curved is called lens.<br \/>\nLenses are mainly two type<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Convex lens and<\/li>\n<li>Concave lens.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Center of Curvature:<\/strong> The centres of two spheres, of which lens is part is called the centre of curvature.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Radii of Curvature:<\/strong> The radii of spheres, of which lens is part is called radius of curvature.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Principal Axis:<\/strong> The line joining the centres of curvature of two surfaces of lens is called principal axis.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Optical Center:<\/strong> It is a special point on the principal axis. Light incident on the optical centre passes through the lens without deviation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Principal Focus:<\/strong> The point on the principal axis at which all incident rays parallel to the principal axis converge or appear to diverge after refraction through the lens.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Special_Rays_for_Image_Formation_by_Lens\"><\/span>Special Rays for Image Formation by Lens<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>An incident ray, parallel to the principal axis, after refraction passes through (or appears to come from), second focus of the lens.<\/li>\n<li>An incident ray, passing through the optical center of the lens, goes undeviated from the lens.<\/li>\n<li>An incident ray, passing through the (first) principal focus of the lens, or directed toward it, becomes parallel to the principal axis after refraction through lens.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Use_of_Lens\"><\/span>Use of Lens<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/science\/light\/\"><strong>Light<\/strong><\/a> travels in a straight line.<\/li>\n<li>Light gets reflected when it falls on polished surfaces; like mirrors.<\/li>\n<li>Light suffers refraction when it travels from one medium to another.<\/li>\n<li>There is a change in the wavelengths!light when it moves from one medium into another.<\/li>\n<li>The bouncing back of light when it strikes a smooth or polished surface is called reflection of light. Reflection is of two types; Specular or regular and Diffuse or irregular reflection.<\/li>\n<li> The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Mathematically, we have \u2220i = \u2220r.<\/li>\n<li> The image is as far behind the mirror as the object is in front.<\/li>\n<li> The image is unmagnified, virtual and erect.<\/li>\n<li>The image has right-left reversal.<\/li>\n<li>Focal length of a plane mirror is infinity.<\/li>\n<li> Power of a plane mirror is zero.<\/li>\n<li>If a plane mirror is turned by an angle, the reflected ray turns by 2\u03b8.<\/li>\n<li>The least size of a plane mirror to view an object is equal to half the size of the object.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Pole (Vertex):<\/strong> The central point of a mirror is called its pole.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>2. Centre of curvature :<\/strong> The centre of the sphere of which the mirror is a part is called the centre of curvature. It is denoted by C.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Radius of curvature :<\/strong> The radius of the sphere of which the mirror is a part is called the radius of curvature. It is denoted by R.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Principal axis :<\/strong> The straight line passing through the pole and the centre of curvature of the mirror is called the principal axis.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. Principal focus :<\/strong> It is a point on the principal axis at which the rays parallel to the principal axis meet after reflection or seem to come from. For a concave mirror, the focus lies in front of the mirror and for a convex mirror, it lies behind the mirror. In short, a concave mirror has a real focus while aconvex mirror has a virtual focus.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6. Focal plane :<\/strong> A plane, drawn perpendicular to the principal axis and passing through the principal focus.<\/p>\n<p><strong>7. Focal length :<\/strong> The distance between the pole and the focus is called the focal length. It is represented by f. The focal length is half the radius of curvature.<\/p>\n<p><strong>8. Aperture:<\/strong> The size of the mirror is called its aperture. It is also defined as the effective diameter of the light reflecting area of the mirror.<\/p>\n<p><strong>9. Real image :<\/strong> When the rays of light, after reflection from a mirror, actually meet at a point, then the image formed by these rays is said to be real. Real images can be obtained on a screen.<\/p>\n<p><strong>10. Virtual image:<\/strong> When the rays of light, after reflection from a mirror, appear to meet at a point, then the image formed by these rays is said to be virtual. Virtual images can\u2019t be obtained on a screen.<\/p>\n<p><strong>11.<\/strong> The following rays are used while drawing ray diagrams to find the position of an image :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A ray of light parallel to the principal axis after reflection passes through the focus. (1)<\/li>\n<li>A ray of light passing through the focus after reflection becomes parallel to the principal axis. (2)<\/li>\n<li>A ray of light incident on the centre of curvature retraces its path after reflection form the mirror.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/31638436615_0e914321be_o.png\" alt=\"light-reflection-and-refraction-cbse-notes-for-class-10-science-1\" width=\"294\" height=\"394\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>12.<\/strong> For mirrors, the following results hold :<br \/>\nu is \u2013 ve, if the object is in front of the mirror.<br \/>\n(Real object)<br \/>\nu is + ve, if the object is behind the mirror.<br \/>\n(Virtual object)<br \/>\nv is \u2013 ve, if the image is in front of the mirror.<br \/>\n(Real image)<br \/>\nvis +ve, if the image is behind the mirror.<br \/>\n(Virtual image)<br \/>\nFocal length of a concave mirror is taken as \u2013 ve. Focal length of a convex mirror is taken as +ve.<\/p>\n<p><strong>13.<\/strong> When the image formed by a spherical mirror is real, it is also inverted and is on the same side of the mirror as the object. Since both v and u are negative, the magnification is negative.<\/p>\n<p><strong>14.<\/strong> When the image formed by a spherical mirror is virtual, it is also erect and is on the other side of the mirror as the object. In this case, u is \u2013 ve and v is + ve , therefore, m is positive.<\/p>\n<p><strong>15.<\/strong> The expression for the mirror formula is 1\/u+1\/v = 1\/f<\/p>\n<p><strong>16.<\/strong> Linear magnification is given by the expression<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/30828019313_9059df4d97_o.png\" alt=\"light-reflection-and-refraction-cbse-notes-for-class-10-science-2\" width=\"234\" height=\"46\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>17.<\/strong> If m is positive, the image is erect w.r.t the object and if m is negative, the image is inverted w.r.t. the object.<\/p>\n<p><strong>18.<\/strong>The position of the image for various positions of the object for a concave mirror is as shown in the table below. The table also shows the use of the mirror for different positions of the object.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/31601183146_265cf7bfb7_o.png\" alt=\"light-reflection-and-refraction-cbse-notes-for-class-10-science-3\" width=\"775\" height=\"336\" \/><br \/>\nThe position of the image for various positions of the object for a convex mirror is as shown in the table below. The table also shows the use of the mirror for different positions of the object.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/31638191065_e178a031a6_o.png\" alt=\"light-reflection-and-refraction-cbse-notes-for-class-10-science-4\" width=\"780\" height=\"170\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>19.<\/strong> The bending of light when it travels from one medium into another is called refraction of light<\/p>\n<p><strong>20.<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/31601182956_071a1ecd0b_o.png\" alt=\"light-reflection-and-refraction-cbse-notes-for-class-10-science-5\" width=\"280\" height=\"49\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>21.<\/strong> As light travels from ,one medium to another, the frequency of light does not change.<\/p>\n<p><strong>22.<\/strong> Light refracts because it has different speeds in different media.<\/p>\n<p><strong>23.<\/strong> The refraction of light obeys the following two laws :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.<\/li>\n<li>The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant.This<br \/>\nconstant is called the index of refraction or refractive index.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/31601182876_e519b4a9c5_o.png\" alt=\"light-reflection-and-refraction-cbse-notes-for-class-10-science-6\" width=\"213\" height=\"47\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>24. If <sub>w<\/sub>n<sub>g<\/sub><\/strong> is the refractive index of glass w.r.t. water, <strong><sub>a<\/sub>n<sub>g<\/sub><\/strong>  be the refractive index of glass w.r.t. air and <strong><sub>a<\/sub>n<sub>w<\/sub><\/strong>  be the refractive index of water w.r.t. air ,then<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/31601182816_bb51400909_o.png\" alt=\"light-reflection-and-refraction-cbse-notes-for-class-10-science-7\" width=\"98\" height=\"46\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>25.<\/strong> The most familiar and widely used optical device is the lens. A lens is an optical system with two refracting surfaces. The simplest lens has two spherical surfaces close enough together that we can neglect the distance between them. Such a lens is called a thin lens. The two common types of lenses are Converging lens or Convex lens, Diverging lens or Concave lens.<\/p>\n<p><strong>26.<\/strong> It should be noted that, if the above lenses are surrounded by .a material with a refractive index greater than that of the lens, the convex lens gets converted into a concave lens and vice-versa.<\/p>\n<p><strong>27.<\/strong> Any lens that is thicker at its centre than at its edges is a converging lens with positive f, and any lens that is thicker at its edges than at the centre is a diverging lens with negative f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>28.<\/strong> <strong>Optical centre :<\/strong> The central point C in the lens is called the optical centre. If a ray is incident towards the optical centre, it passes undeviated .through the lens.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/30796738744_96b2a0981a_o.png\" alt=\"light-reflection-and-refraction-cbse-notes-for-class-10-science-8\" width=\"294\" height=\"264\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>29.Principal axis:<\/strong> Since the lens contains two spherical surfaces, therefore, it has two centres of curvatures. The line joining these centres and passing through the optical centre is called principal axis.<\/p>\n<p><strong>30. Aperture:<\/strong> The effective width of a lens through which refraction takes place is called the aperture.<\/p>\n<p><strong>31. Focus and Focal Length :<\/strong> If a beam of light moving parallel to the principal axis of a convex lens is incident on it, the rays converge or meet at a point on the principal axis. This point F is called the focus. The distance CF is called the focal length. If a beam of light moving parallel to the principal axis is incident on a concave lens, the beam of light diverges. If these diverged rays are produced backward, they meet at a point F on the principal . axis. The transmitted rays appear to come from this point. This point F is called the focus and distance CF is called the focal length.<\/p>\n<p><strong>32.<\/strong> For drawing the ray diagrams, we note the following :<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/30828018663_f509d80e2f_o.png\" alt=\"light-reflection-and-refraction-cbse-notes-for-class-10-science-9\" width=\"365\" height=\"232\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/31601182606_6333b01b94_o.png\" alt=\"light-reflection-and-refraction-cbse-notes-for-class-10-science-10\" width=\"363\" height=\"95\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>All rays parallel to the principal axis after refraction pass through the principal focus or seem to come from it.<\/li>\n<li>A ray of light passing through the focus after refraction becomes parallel to the principal axis.<\/li>\n<li>A ray of light passing through the optical centre of the lens after refraction passes undeviated.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Related_Links\"><\/span>Related Links<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-10\/\"><strong>NCERT Solutions for Class 10<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-solutions\/class-10\/science\/\"><strong>NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-exemplar-solutions\/class-10\/\"><strong>NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/study-materials\/ncert-exemplar-solutions\/class-10\/science\/\"><strong>NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10 Science<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>33. <\/strong>A convex and a concave lens can be supposed to be made-up of prisms.<\/p>\n<p><strong>34.<\/strong> Image formation by a concave lens.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/30828018543_2ac6f4de4e_o.png\" alt=\"light-reflection-and-refraction-cbse-notes-for-class-10-science-11\" width=\"777\" height=\"185\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>35.<\/strong> Image formation by a convex lens.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/31601182456_f5b0b720b5_o.png\" alt=\"light-reflection-and-refraction-cbse-notes-for-class-10-science-12\" width=\"775\" height=\"390\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>36. New Cartesian sign conventions :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>All distances, object distance (u), image distance (v) and focal length f are measured from the optical centre.<\/li>\n<li>The distances measured in the direction of incident ray are taken as positive and distances measured against the direction of incident ray are taken as negative.<\/li>\n<li>All distances (heights) of objects and images above principal axis are taken as positive and those below the principal axis are taken as negative.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>37.<\/strong> For the two lenses, the sign conventions take the form<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>u is- ve, if the object is in front of the lens. (Real object)<\/li>\n<li>u is +ve, if the object is virtual.<\/li>\n<li>v is \u2013 ve, if the image is on the same side as that of the object. (Virtual image )<\/li>\n<li>v is +ve, if the image is real.<\/li>\n<li>Focal length of a concave lens is taken as \u2013 ve.<\/li>\n<li>Focal length of a convex lens is taken as +ve.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>38.<\/strong> Lens formula for convex lens 1\/v-1\/u = 1\/f<\/p>\n<p><strong>39.<\/strong> The linear magnification produced by a lens is defined as the ratio of the size of the image (h\u2019) to the size of the object (h). It is represented by m i.e.,<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/31601183356_06ef5f8dcb_o.png\" alt=\"light-reflection-and-refraction-cbse-notes-for-class-10-science-13\" width=\"248\" height=\"46\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>40.<\/strong> If the magnification of a lens is negative, then the image formed is inverted and real.<\/p>\n<p><strong>41.<\/strong> If the magnification of a lens is positive, then the image formed is erect and virtual.<\/p>\n<p><strong>42.<\/strong> Power is defined as the reciprocal of the focal length. Power is measured in dioptre.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In light reflection and refraction class 10 notes students learn about the concepts of reflection and refraction of light using [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Light Reflection And Refraction","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Light Reflection And Refraction CBSE Class 10 Notes | IL","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Light Reflection and Refraction CBSE Class 10 Notes: Understand the basics of light's behavior, key concepts of reflection and refraction, and real-life applications.","custom_permalink":"study-material\/light-reflection-and-refraction\/class-10\/notes\/science\/chapter-10\/"},"categories":[55,4,21],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - 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