The exact words spoken by Sohan are put within inverted commas. But when we give the substance of what Sohan said, it is called the Indirect Speech.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
- \n
- Sohan told to Mohan that he (Sohan) was going to school.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
1. Reporting Clause and Reported Speech:
\nSohan told Mohan that he was going to school. The words which generally come before the inverted commas are called the reporting clause, i.e. Sohan said to Mohan and the verb \u2018said\u2019, is called the reporting verb. The words spoken by Sohan and put within inverted commas are called the reported speech, i.e. \u201cI am going to school.\u201d<\/p>\n2. Rules for Changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech:<\/p>\n
- \n
- In the Indirect speech, no inverted commas are used.<\/li>\n
- The conjunctions that, if, whether, are generally used after the reporting verb.<\/li>\n
- The first word of the reported speech begins with a capital letter.<\/li>\n
- The tense of the reporting verb is never changed.<\/li>\n
- The reporting verb changes according to sense: it may be told, asked, inquired<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/b><\/p>\n
3. Rules for the Change of Pronouns:<\/p>\n
- \n
- The first person pronouns (I, me, my, we, us, our) in the reported speech change according to the subject of the reporting verb.<\/li>\n
- The pronouns of the second person (you, your, yourself) in the reported speech change according to the object of the reporting verb.<\/li>\n
- The pronouns of the third person do not change.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For example:<\/strong><\/p>\n
- \n
- He said, \u201cI like the book.\u201d
\nHe said that he liked the book.<\/li>\n - He said to me, \u201cDo you like the book?\u201d
\nHe asked me if I liked the book.<\/li>\n - He said, \u201cHe likes the book.\u201d
\nHe said that he liked the book.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n4. Changes in words expressing nearness, time, auxiliaries, etc.
\n![\"CBSE](\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/CBSE-Class-10-English-Grammar-Direct-And-Indirect-Speech-1.jpg\")
<\/p>\n![\"CBSE](\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/CBSE-Class-10-English-Grammar-Direct-And-Indirect-Speech-2.jpg\")
\n5. Change in Tenses:<\/p>\n- \n
- If the reporting verb is in the present or the future tense, the tense of the reported speech is not changed:
\nSatish says, \u201cI am flying a kite.\u201d
\nSatish says that he is flying a kite.
\nSatish will say, \u201cI want a glass of milk.\u201d
\nSatish will say that he wants a glass of milk.<\/li>\n - If the reporting verb is in the past tense, then the tense of the reported speech will change as follows:
\n![\"CBSE](\"https:\/\/infinitylearn.com\/surge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/CBSE-Class-10-English-Grammar-Direct-And-Indirect-Speech-3.jpg\")
<\/li>\n - If the direct speech expresses a historical fact, universal truth, or a habitual fact, then the tense of the direct speech will not change:
\nDirect: He said, \u201cHonesty is the best policy.\u201d
\nIndirect: He said that honesty is the best policy.
\nDirect: He said, \u201cThe sun rises in the east.\u201d
\nIndirect: He said that the sun rises in the east.
\nDirect: Rakesh said, \u201cI am an early riser.\u201d
\nIndirect : Rakesh said that he is an early riser.
\nDirect: She said, \u201cGod is omnipresent.\u201d
\nIndirect: She said that God is omnipresent.
\nDirect: The teacher said, \u201cThe First World War started in 1914.\u201d
\nIndirect: The teacher said that the First World War started in 1914.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n6. Changing Statements into Indirect Speech:<\/p>\n
- \n
- The reporting verb \u2018said to\u2019 is changed-to \u2018told\u2019, \u2018replied\u2019, \u2018remarked\u2019,<\/li>\n
- The reporting verb is not followed by an object, it is not changed.<\/li>\n
- The inverted commas are removed. The conjunction is used to connect the reporting clause with the reported speech.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The rules for the change of pronouns, tenses, etc. are followed.<\/p>\n
- \n
- Direct: Ramu said, \u201cI saw a lion in the forest.\u201d
\nIndirect: Ramu said that he had seen a lion in the forest.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n- \n
- Direct: Satish said to me, \u201cI am very happy here.\u201d
\nIndirect: Satish told me that he was very happy there.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n- \n
- Direct: He said, \u201cI can do this work.\u201d
\nIndirect: He said that he could do that work.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n- \n
- Direct: Renu said to me, \u201cI was washing the clothes.\u201d
\nIndirect: Renu told me that she had been washing the clothes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n- \n
- Direct: She said, \u201cI am not well.\u201d
\nIndirect: She said that she was not well.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n- \n
- Direct: He said to Sita, \u201cI have passed the test.\u201d
\nIndirect: He told Sita that he had passed the test.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n- \n
- Direct: I said to my friend, \u201cHe has been working very hard.\u201d
\nIndirect: I told my friend that he had been working very hard.<\/li>\n - Direct: My friend said to me, \u201cI shall go to Delhi tomorrow.\u201d
\nIndirect: My friend told me that he would go to Delhi the next day.<\/li>\n - Direct: I said, \u201cI agree to what he said.\u201d
\nIndirect: I said that I agreed to what he had said.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n- \n
- Direct: The student said to the teacher, \u201cI am sorry that I am late.\u201d
\nIndirect: The student told the teacher that he was sorry that he was late.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n7. Rules for the Change of Interrogative (Questions) sentences:<\/p>\n
The reporting verb \u201csay\u2019 is changed into ask, inquire,<\/p>\n
The interrogative sentence is changed into a statement by placing the subject before the verb and the full stop is put at the end of the sentence.<\/p>\n
If the interrogative sentence has a wh-word (who, when, where, how, why, etc) the wh-word is repeated in the sentence. It serves as conjunction.<\/p>\n
If the interrogative sentence is a yes-no answer type sentence (with auxiliary verbs am, are, was, were, do, did, have, shall, etc), then \u2018if or \u2018whether\u2019 is used as a conjunction.<\/p>\n
The auxiliaries do, does, did in a positive question in the reported speech are dropped.<\/p>\n
The conjunction is not used after the reporting clause.<\/p>\n
- \n
- Direct: I said to him, \u201cWhere are you going?\u201d
\nIndirect: I asked him where he was going.<\/li>\n - Direct: He said to me, \u201cWill you go there?\u201d
\nIndirect: He asked me if I would go there.<\/li>\n - Direct: My friend said to Deepak, \u201cHave you ever been to Agra?\u201d
\nIndirect: My friend asked Deepak if he had ever been to Agra.<\/li>\n - Direct: I said to him, \u201cDid you enjoy the movie?\u201d
\nIndirect: I asked him if he had enjoyed the movie.<\/li>\n - Direct: I said to her, \u201cDo you know him?\u201d
\nIndirect: I asked her if she knew him.<\/li>\n - Direct: He said to me, \u201cWill you listen to me?\u201d
\nIndirect: He asked me if I would listen to him.<\/li>\n - Direct: I said to him, \u201cWhen will you go there?\u201d
\nIndirect: I asked him when he would go there.<\/li>\n - Direct: He said to me, \u201cHow is your father?\u201d
\nIndirect: He asked me how my father was.<\/li>\n - Direct: I said to him, \u201cAre you happy?\u201d
\nIndirect: I asked him if he was happy.<\/li>\n - Direct: He said to her, \u201cDo you like apples?\u201d
\nIndirect: He asked her if she liked apples.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n8. Changing Commands and Requests into Indirect Speech:<\/p>\n
- \n
- In imperative sentences having commands, the reporting verb is changed into command, order, tell, allow, request,etc.<\/li>\n
- The imperative mood is changed into the infinitive mood by putting \u2018to\u2019, before the verb. In case of negative sentences, the auxiliary \u2018do\u2019 is dropped and \u2018to\u2019 is placed after \u2018not\u2019:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
- \n
- Direct: She said to me, \u201cOpen the window.\u201d
\nIndirect: She ordered me to open the window.<\/li>\n - Direct: The captain said to the soldiers, \u201cAttack the enemy.\u201d
\nIndirect: The captain commanded the soldiers to attack the enemy.<\/li>\n - Direct: I said to him, \u201cLeave this place at once.\u201d
\nIndirect: I told him to leave that place at once.<\/li>\n - Direct: The teacher said to the students, \u201cListen to me attentively.\u201d
\nIndirect: The teacher asked the students to listen to him attentively.<\/li>\n - Direct: The Principal said to the peon, \u201cRing the bell.\u201d
\nIndirect: The Principal ordered the peon to ring the bell.<\/li>\n - Direct: The master said to the servant, \u201cFetch me a glass of water.\u201d
\nIndirect: The master ordered the servant to fetch him a glass of water.<\/li>\n - Direct: I said to him, \u201cPlease bring me a glass of water.\u201d
\nIndirect: I requested him to bring me a glass of water.<\/li>\n - Direct: I said to my friend, \u201cPlease lend me your book.\u201d
\nIndirect: I requested my friend to lend me his book.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n9. Sentences with \u2018Let\u2019.<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u2018Let\u2019 is used in various meanings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
(i) \u2018Let\u2019 is used to make a proposal.<\/p>\n
- \n
- First change the reporting verb into \u2018proposed\u2019 or \u2018suggested\u2019.<\/li>\n
- Use \u2018should\u2019 instead of \u2018let\u2019.
\nExample:
\nDirect: He said to me, \u201cLet us go home.\u201d
\nIndirect: He suggested to me that we should go home.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n(ii) \u2018Let\u2019 is used as \u2018to allow\u2019.<\/p>\n
- \n
- In Indirect Speech, we change the reporting verb to \u2018requested\u2019 or \u2018ordered\u2019.<\/li>\n
- We start Reported Speech with \u2018to\u2019.
\nDirect: Ram said to Mohan, \u201cLet him do it.\u201d
\nIndirect: Ram ordered Mohan to let him do that.
\nOr
\nRam told Mohan that he might be allowed to do that.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n10. Sentences with Question Tags
\n(i) In the indirect speech the question-tag is usually left.
\n(ii) In indirect speech these words are removed and the word \u2018respectfully\u2019 is used in the reporting clause.
\nDirect: Mahesh said, \u201cSir, may I go home?\u201d
\nIndirect: Mahesh respectfully asked his sir if he might go home.<\/p>\n11. Sentences with \u2018Yes\u2019 or \u2018No\u2019
\nDirect : He said, \u201cCan you dance?\u201d And I said, \u201cNo.\u201d
\nIndirect: He asked me if I could dance and I replied that I couldn\u2019t.
\nDirect : My mother said, \u201cWill you come home on time?\u201d And I said, \u201cYes.\u201d
\nIndirect: My mother asked me if I would come home on time and I replied that I would.<\/p>\nNote : \u2018Yes\u2019 of \u2018No\u2019 hides a complete sentence. Therefore, change yes\/no into a short answer.<\/p>\n
Direct : She said to me, \u201cYou didn\u2019t break the window, did you?\u201d
\nIndirect: She asked me if\/whether I had broken the window.
\nDirect : He said to Geeta, \u201cYou are going to the station, aren\u2019t you?\u201d
\nIndirect: He asked Geeta if\/ whether she was going to the station.<\/p>\n12. Sentences with \u2018have to\u2019 or \u2018had to\u2019
\n(i) Change \u2018have to\u2019 according to the rules.
\n(ii) But change \u2018had to\u2019 into \u2018had had to\u2019 in the indirect speech.
\nDirect : Hari said, \u201cI have to work a lot.\u201d
\nIndirect: Hari said that he had to work a lot.
\nDirect : Hari said, \u201cI had to work a lot.\u201d
\nIndirect: Hari said that he had had to work a lot.<\/p>\n13. Sentences with \u2018Sir\u2019, \u2018Madam\u2019 or \u2018Your Honour\u2019 etc.<\/p>\n
- \n
- Generally such words are used to show respect to the person concerned.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
You can master in English Grammar of various classes by our articles like Tenses, Clauses, Prepositions, Story writing, Unseen Passage, Notice Writing etc.<\/p>\n
14. Exclamations and Wishes
\nSometimes Exclamatory sentences contain exclamations like Hurrah!, Alas!, Oh!, Heavens!, Bravo, etc. Such exclamatory words are removed in the indirect speech and we use \u2018exclaimed with sorrow\u2019, exclaimed with joy, exclaimed with surprise, etc. instead of \u2018said\u2019.
\nExamples:<\/p>\n- \n
- Direct : Rohan said, \u201cHurrah! We won the match.\u201d
\nIndirect: Rohan exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.<\/li>\n - Direct : Reema said, \u201cAlas! Karina\u2019s mother is suffering from cancer.\u201d
\nIndirect: Reema exclaimed with sorrow that Karina\u2019s mother was suffering from cancer.<\/li>\n - Direct : The captain said to Kapil, \u201cBravo! You scored 89 runs.\u201d
\nIndirect: The captain exclaimed with praise that he (Kapil) had scored 89 runs.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n(a) Look at these sentences.<\/p>\n
- \n
- Direct : My mother said, \u201cMay God bless you!\u201d
\nIndirect: My mother prayed to God for my well being.<\/li>\n - Direct : She said, \u201cMay God save the country!\u201d
\nIndirect: She prayed to God to save the country.<\/li>\n - Direct : They said to the king, \u201cLong live!\u201d
\nIndirect: They blessed the king for his long life.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n(b) Look at these sentences.<\/p>\n
- \n
- Direct : Mohan said, \u201cWhat a pity!\u201d
\nIndirect: Mohan exclaimed that it was a great pity.<\/li>\n - Direct : I said, \u201cHow stupid he is!\u201d
\nIndirect: I exclaimed that it was a very stupid of him.<\/li>\n - Direct : \u201cWhat a terrible sight it is!\u201d said the traveller.
\nIndirect: The traveller exclaimed that it was a very terrible sight.
\nAll the sentences in inverted commas are exclamatory sentences.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n(i) Use \u2018exclaimed\u2019 in place of \u2018said\u2019 in the reporting verb in the indirect speech.
\n(ii) In Indirect sentences, we use exclamatory sentences as statements.
\n(iii) Indirect speech begins with that and full stop (\u2022) is used instead of the exclamation mark (!).
\n
\nExercise (Solved)<\/strong><\/p>\nChange the following sentences into Indirect Speech:<\/p>\n
(i) He said, \u201cI will do it now.\u201d
\nAnswer: He said that he would do it then.<\/p>\n(ii) He says, \u201cHonesty is the best policy.\u201d
\nAnswer: He says that honesty is the best policy.<\/p>\n(iii) Ramesh says, \u201cI have written a letter.\u201d
\nAnswer: Ramesh says that he has written a letter.<\/p>\n(iv) She said, \u201cMahesh will be reading a book.\u201d
\nAnswer: She said that Mahesh would be reading a book.<\/p>\n(v) She said, \u201cWhere is your father?\u201d
\nAnswer: She inquired where his father was.<\/p>\n(vi) He said to me, \u201cPlease take your book.\u201d
\nAnswer: He requested me to take my book.<\/p>\n(vii) The Principal said to the peon, \u201cLet this boy go out.\u201d
\nAnswer: The Principal ordered the peon to let that boy go out.<\/p>\n(viii) He said to me, \u201cMay you live long!\u201d
\nAnswer: He prayed that I might live long.<\/p>\n(ix) She said, \u201cGoodbye friends!\u201d
\nAnswer: She bade goodbye to her friends.<\/p>\n(ix) The student said, \u201cAlas! I wasted my time last year.\u201d
\nAnswer: The student regretted that he had wasted his time the previous year.
\n
\nExercise (Unsolved)<\/strong><\/p>\nChange the following sentences into Indirect Speech:<\/p>\n
- \n
- The captain said, \u201cBravo! well done, my boys.\u201d<\/li>\n
- He said to her, \u201cWhy do you read this book?\u201d<\/li>\n
- He said to her, \u201cDoes your cow not kick?\u201d<\/li>\n
- He said to his brother, \u201cShailesh has broken my glass.\u201d<\/li>\n
- Our teacher said, \u201cThe earth revolves around the sun.\u201d<\/li>\n
- He said to me, \u201cWhy have you come here?\u201d<\/li>\n
- Usha said, \u201cFather, you are very kind to me.\u201d<\/li>\n
- The teacher said to the boys, \u201cDo not make a noise.\u201d<\/li>\n
- He said to his friend, \u201cMay you prosper in business!\u201d<\/li>\n
- The officer said to the peon, \u201cLet the visitor come into my office.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
CBSE Class 10 English Grammar \u2013 Direct And Indirect Speech (Statements, Commands, Requests, and Questions) The words spoken by […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Get CBSE Class 10 English Grammar \u2013 Direct And Indirect Speech on Infinity Learn.","custom_permalink":"study-material\/cbse-notes\/class-10\/english\/cbse-class-10-english-grammar-direct-and-indirect-speech\/"},"categories":[92,9],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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- Direct : Mohan said, \u201cWhat a pity!\u201d
- Direct : My mother said, \u201cMay God bless you!\u201d
- Direct : Rohan said, \u201cHurrah! We won the match.\u201d
- Generally such words are used to show respect to the person concerned.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
- \u2018Let\u2019 is used in various meanings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
- Direct: She said to me, \u201cOpen the window.\u201d
- Direct: I said to him, \u201cWhere are you going?\u201d
- Direct: The student said to the teacher, \u201cI am sorry that I am late.\u201d
- Direct: I said to my friend, \u201cHe has been working very hard.\u201d
- Direct: He said to Sita, \u201cI have passed the test.\u201d
- Direct: She said, \u201cI am not well.\u201d
- Direct: Renu said to me, \u201cI was washing the clothes.\u201d
- Direct: He said, \u201cI can do this work.\u201d
- Direct: Satish said to me, \u201cI am very happy here.\u201d
- Direct: Ramu said, \u201cI saw a lion in the forest.\u201d
- If the reporting verb is in the present or the future tense, the tense of the reported speech is not changed:
- He said, \u201cI like the book.\u201d