Classification Of Organic Compounds

Organic compounds are molecules primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus. These compounds can exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous states, and their vast diversity is due to the versatile bonding nature of carbon atoms.

Classification of Organic Compounds

Organic compounds are categorized into two types: Structure-based and functional group-based.

Structure-based classification

1. Open-chain or Acyclic Compounds: Acyclic chemicals are diametrically opposed to cyclic compounds in that their molecules do not form a ring. Straight-chain compounds contain no side chains, whereas branched-chain compounds have a straight-chain and one or more side chains linked to it.
2. Closed-chain or cyclic compounds: “Ring compounds” are another name for cyclic compounds. As the name implies, are those in which one or more atoms are joined to create a closed ring. They are also divided into two categories: “Heterocyclic,” and “Homocyclic.”

• Heterocyclic compounds: Heterocyclic compounds are cyclic chemicals that have a ring structure. These compounds may be understood in a very easy way since they are similar to any other dominating branch of organic compounds in which two or more two atoms unite in a ring shape in their molecules.
• Homocyclic compounds: Homocyclic compounds are the sort of cyclic compounds found in organic chemistry, as opposed to heterocyclic compounds, in which the ring structure is generated by the atoms. This ring structure is made up of the same atoms from the same element, which is carbon.

Heterocyclic Compounds: Alicyclic heterocyclic compounds and Aromatic heterocyclic compounds are the two primary groups of heterocyclic compounds.

Heterocyclic Compound Classification

• Heterocyclic Alicyclic Compounds: These compounds’ ring structures contain one or more heteroatoms.
• Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: These chemicals, unlike Alicyclic heterocyclic compounds, have one or more heteroatoms in their molecules.

Homocyclic or carbocyclic Compounds: Compounds that are homocyclic or carbocyclic are classified into two types. The first is known as an Alicyclic compound, whereas the second is known as an Aromatic compound.

Homocyclic Compound Classification

• Alicyclic Compounds: The alicyclic compound is a chemical that is both aliphatic and cyclic. This chemical has one or more all-carbon rings, which can be saturated or unsaturated.
• Aromatic Compounds: Aromatic compounds are unsaturated cyclic compounds, as opposed to alicyclic compounds, which can be either saturated or unsaturated. These compounds are defined by the presence of one or more planar rings of atoms connected by covalent bonds of two sorts.

Aromatic Compound Classification: Aromatic chemicals are distinguished by their stability, which is why they are associated with aromaticity, which is primarily concerned with odor.

• Aromatic Benzenoid Compounds: The presence of one or more isolated or fused benzene rings and their derivatives in the structure distinguishes these substances. These compounds are classified as monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic based on the number of benzene rings fused together in the structure.
• Aromatic Non-benzenoid Compounds: Instead of benzene rings, these aromatic compounds are made up of various unsaturated rings. These aromatic compounds are exceptionally stable.

Classification based on the functional groups

A functional group is a mechanism through which a molecule obtains its characteristic chemical characteristics from one or more atoms in the molecule.