Dr. Manmohan Singh, Ex-Prime Minister, Dies at 92

Dr. Manmohan Singh, India's 13th Prime Minister and a distinguished economist, passed away on December 26, 2024, at the age of 92. He was admitted to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in New Delhi at 8:06 pm after a sudden loss of consciousness; despite resuscitation efforts, he was declared dead.

Early Life and Academic Brilliance

Born on September 26, 1932, in Gah, West Punjab (now in Pakistan), Dr. Singh overcame humble beginnings to achieve remarkable academic success. He earned his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Economics from Panjab University and pursued advanced studies at the University of Cambridge and a doctorate from the University of Oxford. His academic rigor established him as one of the finest economic minds in the country.

The Architect of India’s Economic Reforms

Dr. Singh’s entry into Indian politics came during a time of severe economic crisis. As Finance Minister (1991-1996) under Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao, he implemented transformative policies, including:

• Liberalization of trade and foreign investment.
• Reduction in tariffs and taxes.
• Privatization of public sector enterprises.

These reforms dismantled the restrictive "Licence Raj," revived India’s economy, and opened the doors for globalization, setting the stage for decades of growth.

Journey to Prime Ministership

After the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) won the 2004 General Elections, Sonia Gandhi chose Dr. Singh to lead as Prime Minister, recognizing his reputation for integrity and competence. Sworn in on May 22, 2004, he became India’s first Sikh Prime Minister, widely respected for his calm and non-partisan approach.

Tenure as Prime Minister (2004–2014)

Dr. Singh’s two-term tenure as Prime Minister was marked by significant achievements and challenges:

1. Economic Growth:
   • India achieved an average GDP growth rate of 7.7% during his tenure.
   • Landmark welfare programs, such as the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) and the Right to Information Act (RTI), were introduced.
2. Historic India-US Civil Nuclear Deal:
   • Strengthened India’s energy security and elevated its global diplomatic standing through this 2008 agreement.
3. Right to Education Act:
   • Ensured free and compulsory education for children aged 6-14 years.
4. Global Leadership:
   • Enhanced India’s position on the world stage through strategic partnerships and foreign diplomacy.

Challenges and Criticism

Despite his achievements, Dr. Singh faced notable challenges:

• Corruption Scandals: High-profile cases like the 2G Spectrum Scam and Coal Allocation Scam affected the government’s image.
• Coalition Constraints: The pressures of leading a coalition often hindered decisive action.

However, Dr. Singh’s personal reputation for honesty and integrity remained intact, earning him widespread admiration.

Lessons from Dr. Singh’s Leadership

1. Visionary Thinking: His forward-looking economic policies exemplify how visionary thinking can drive transformational change.
2. Calm Decision-Making: Dr. Singh's composed and analytical approach during crises showcases the value of rational decision-making.
3. Inclusivity in Governance: His leadership emphasized welfare schemes, bridging gaps in education, employment, and social justice.
4. Integrity in Public Service: Despite political pressures, Singh upheld high ethical standards, proving that leadership with integrity is possible.

Impact of Dr. Singh’s Policies on Modern India

1. Economic Growth Foundation:
   • Singh’s 1991 reforms laid the foundation for India’s rise as a global economic power.
   • Policies promoting foreign investment and industrial growth continue to benefit the nation.
2. Social Development:
   • Initiatives like NREGA and the Right to Education Act have had lasting impacts on employment and education, addressing critical socio-economic challenges.
3. Energy and Infrastructure:
   • The India-US Nuclear Deal paved the way for cleaner and more sustainable energy sources, addressing long-term energy demands.
4. Global Recognition:
   • Dr. Singh's diplomacy strengthened India’s global partnerships, enhancing its influence in international forums.

Dr. Singh’s Legacy

Dr. Singh’s legacy is a testament to transformative leadership, ethical governance, and economic vision. He redefined India’s economic policies, introduced welfare initiatives, and strengthened global ties, leaving a profound impact on modern India.

Key Milestones in His Life

• September 26, 1932: Born in Gah, West Punjab.
• 1991-1996: Served as Finance Minister, initiating economic liberalization.
• May 22, 2004: Became Prime Minister of India.
• May 26, 2014: Concluded his tenure as Prime Minister.
• December 26, 2024: Passed away at the age of 92.