Important Topic Of Biology: Ammonotelism

Ammonotelism: Ammonotelic is the process of extracting nitrogen waste within the ammonia species. This practice is considered Ammonotelism. Many aquatic animals such as birds, aquatic animals, reptiles including fish, other invertebrates, worms, and mammals, including humans, release urea acid as debris.

Ammonia is highly soluble in water and forms water-soluble ammonia (NH₄OH), directly damages cells by alkaline caustic action. Therefore, the release of ammonia requires a large amount of acid. Some part of uric acid is oxidized and makes allantoic acid and allantoin.

Note: Allantoate or allantoin hydration product is extracted from Teleost fish. Allantoate is hydrolyzed into glyoxylate and urea in many aquatic and aquatic animals and fish. Creatine is made inside the liver by amino acids. The creatinine effect is produced in creatine.

Excretion

Almost all animals have some form of waste disposal that forms in their bodies during metabolic activity. Carbon dioxide, water, urea, uric acid, ammonia, etc., with some of the waste products that can be harmful if they stay in the body. In addition to metabolic waste, excess salt (eg: Sodium in food), water, and certain excess vitamins should be eliminated. Some medicines, including antibiotics, are far from blood to urine.

The disposal can be described as removing all harmful, unwanted products (especially nitrogenous wastes) from the body. The excretory system is strongly associated with the release of nitrogenous wastes. Urea is considered to be the first nitrogen waste produced in our bodies. It is caused by the breakdown of amino acids and nucleic acids in the liver. The blood transports urea to the kidneys to be filtered and excreted in the urine.

The Importance of Excretion

• Excretion is essential for eliminating nitrogenous wastes produced during the conversion of proteins (amino acids) and nucleic acids.
• To eliminate excess salts such as normal salt (NaCl), vitamins, and bile pigments (from the breakdown of old RBCs).
• Removal of excess water or storage in case of shortage. This helps to maintain a certain amount of fluid osmoregulation within the body.

Importance of Osmo-regulators and Osmo-comformers

• Osmoregulation may be a process that controls water pressure and electrolyte balance in living organisms.
• In animals, this process is caused by osmoreceptors, which may notice changes in stress.
• Humans and many other warm-blooded organisms have osmoreceptors within the hypothalamus.
• Apart from the brain, osmoregulatory is also found inside the kidneys.
• Different organisms show different types of osmoregulation. Fish, Bacteria, Plants, Animals, and even humans suffer from osmoregulation processes.
• Osmoconformers can be described as living things that try to match the osmolarity of their body with their environment. In other words, these organisms keep the same pressure inside the body as outside water. They go hand in hand with effective or inactive methods. Most invertebrates, such as starfish, jellyfish, and lobsters, are osmoconformers.
• Osmoregulators are organisms that actively regulate their pressure, independent of the environment. Many vertebrates, including humans, are osmoregulatory. Most seafood is considered osmoregulatory too.

Substances that affect ammonia poisoning in marine animals

1. Ammonia is a major source of fish and other marine organisms. However, the effects of ammonia and its reaction depend on several external factors, such as water pH levels, water temperature, duration of the marine organism’s exposure to toxic ammonia, and much more.
2. Studies show that the toxicity of ammonia in water increases with pH levels and decreases with water hardness. This is because, at higher temperatures and the Ph level of water, the concentration of unionized ammonia (NH₃) increases in water.
3. Generally, ammonia can be two-way dissolved in water-unionized form (NH₃)and ionized form (NH₄⁺). Concentration and ammonia poisoning are also associated with water salt and ionic energy. Therefore, ammonia’s toxicity depends on the water’s pH levels, salinity, and the temperature between various foreign substances.
4. In addition, the effects of toxic ammonia on fish and other marine animals may depend on their internal and external properties and external factors. These include the length of the fish’s exposure to toxic ammonia, the biological characteristics of different marine animals, the age of the fish, and much more.
5. The impact of toxic ammonia on fish depends on their duration and exposure times. For example, if a fish or any other sea creature is exposed to ammonium ions for a short time, it may not kill the fish. Such exposure may have a small effect on their health, but it does not cause side effects.
6. A mixture of ammonia below 0.02 mg / l is considered safe for fish and their reproductive system. However, it is important to control the pH levels of water and its salts to control the accumulation of ammonia.
7. As many aquatic animals emit nitrogenous wastes in the form of ammonia, the total amount of ammonia in water can increase over time, thus increasing the permissible concentration of ammonia concentrations that is considered safe for marine animals.

Category of marine life

Marine life plays an important role in the impact of toxic ammonia on their bodies. Studies show that the behavior of marine mammals in ammonia increases with age. Thus, as the fish change from a young child to an adult fish, their tendency to ammonia increases with age. Aging in fish also indicates that they are exposed to toxic ammonia for a long time, thus having a detrimental effect on their health.

Impact of toxic ammonia on fish

• Due to the high solubility in water, ammonia can enter fish fillets by dispersing them in the form of a gas solution in water. When fish are exposed to high ammonia levels in the water, they may be susceptible to many life-threatening biological effects. In addition, fish may be exposed to ammonia due to their ammonia-releasing nitrogen-fixing process.
• Exposure to high levels of ammonia can cause a condition called ‘acute ammonia intoxication in fish that leads to convulsions and death. Other side effects may include rapid heartbeat, thirst, shortness of breath, and severe tremors in their body cavities.
• Exposure to low levels of ammonia may not be fatal. However, it can affect their reproductive system, kidneys, gills, and liver. Although low-concentrated ammonia may seem insignificant initially, it can cause serious side effects if fish are exposed to such water levels for a long time.

The process by which certain organisms release nitrogenous wastes in the form of ammonia is known as Ammonotelism. Ammonia, which is highly soluble in water and produces ammonium hydroxide (NH4 OH), directly damages cells by alkaline caustic action. Therefore, the release of ammonia requires a lot of water. Part of uric acid is also oxidized to form allantoic acid and allantoin. 

Teleost fish extract allantoate or allantoin hydration products. Allantoate is hydrolysed into glyoxylate and urea in many aquatic and aquatic animals and fish. In a few invertebrates, in addition, hydrolyzation of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia occurs. Creatine is formed in the liver by amino acids. The creatinine effect is produced in creatine.