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By Shailendra Singh
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Updated on 7 Jan 2025, 10:44 IST
Cytokinin: Cytokinins are a large number of plant growth regulators that are primarily involved in cell division in plant roots, shooting systems. This hormone helps to increase cell growth, growth, differentiation, affecting apical dominance, leaf appearance, and axillary bud growth.
These hormones found mainly in all complex plants, bacteria, moss, and also fungi. There are 200 different synthetic and natural cytokinins and most of them usually formed within the roots. It is the name of the area of tissue in a plant that promotes active cell division. A meristem is an area that grows on plants above the stem.
Cytokinins usually formed at the roots and travel through the xylem to other parts of the plant where plant growth continues as fruit, seeds, and also small leaves.
Cytokinin helps increase cell proliferation by maintaining the production of essential proteins in mitosis. The term Mitosis refers to the differentiation of non-sexual cells that sometimes occur in all living things by the formation of extra body cells. Mitosis occurs daily by replacing damaged cells by allowing them to grow. There are many times when you injure and lose your skin on the knee, the same mitosis that helps in the growth of all the cells you lost and regains skin.
While in plants, mitosis produces other cells that make the plant grow. You have to play with building blocks in your childhood days, from now on you will consider the same with plant cells. With the onset of this process, mitosis, a flexible cell formed and transported to the end of the plant by increasing its length. This is similar to cementing a building block in your original building.
The naturally occurring adenine-derived cytokines have a different modification attached to the N6 position of the adenine ring. Therefore the most common class of cytokinin has isoprenoid chains, which include the most abundant cytokinin in Arabidopsis, trans-zeatin.
Cytokinin helps to increase cell division by maintaining the production of proteins that are important in mitosis. Therefore the term Mitosis refers to the differentiation of non-sexual cells that normally occur in all living things by the formation of extra body cells. Mitosis occurs daily by replacing damaged cells by allowing them to grow. There are many times when you injure and lose your skin on the knee, the same mitosis that helps to grow all the cells you have lost and get your skin.
Essential cytokinins from purine act as hormones to regulate many processes in plants. Therefore cytokinin such as isopentenyladenine (IPA), kinetin, and benzyladenine have been very effective in reducing the granulocytic secretion of myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells.
Cytokinins are plant growth regulators that primarily promote cell division in plant roots and shoots. They are found in complex plants, bacteria, moss, and fungi. Most cytokinins are formed in the roots and travel through the xylem to other parts of the plant.
Cytokinins help in cell division, growth, and differentiation. They influence apical dominance, leaf appearance, and axillary bud growth. Additionally, they are crucial for mitosis and assist in replacing damaged cells in plants.
Cytokinins are used to promote plant growth and improve crop yields. For example, when applied to cotton plants, they can increase production by 5-10% even under drought conditions. They also help in building resistance to certain pathogens.
Naturally occurring cytokinins, like trans-zeatin, are adenine-derived and have modifications attached to the N6 position of the adenine ring. These include isoprenoid chains and are commonly found in plants such as Arabidopsis.
Cytokinins like isopentenyladenine (IPA), kinetin, and benzyladenine have shown effectiveness in medical research. For instance, they reduce the granulocytic secretion of myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells, demonstrating potential therapeutic applications.
