Bihar Sharif, the headquarters of Nalanda district and the fifth-largest sub-metropolitan area in Bihar, is a city steeped in history and cultural richness. Its name, a combination of "Bihar" meaning monastery and "Sharif" meaning noble, reflects its heritage as a hub of education and trade in southern Bihar.
The roots of Bihar Sharif trace back to the pre-Islamic period when Odantapuri, a significant Buddhist monastic university, was built under the Pala Empire. The city flourished as part of a network of Mahaviharas, including Nalanda and Vikramashila.
However, during the Delhi Sultanate era, the city faced destruction at the hands of Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji, who targeted Buddhist monasteries and universities. Under the Sherqui Dynasty, Bihar Sharif witnessed a shift in control, and later, during the reign of Sher Shah Suri, the regional capital moved to Patliputra (modern-day Patna). Despite losing administrative significance, Bihar Sharif continued to thrive, particularly as an educational and cultural centre.
Bihar Sharif is strategically located 74 km from Patna, at the foot of Bari Pahari and along the Panchanan River. The fertile land surrounding the city supports agricultural trade, with crops like cauliflower, potato, and mustard seed contributing to the economy. The city's proximity to tourist attractions like Nalanda, Rajgir, and Pawapuri further boosts its economic activities.
Agricultural trade and education form the backbone of Bihar Sharif's economy. The region is renowned for its vegetable production, and household manufacturing of footwear and garments also contributes significantly. The city's transition from a trade-based economy to an education hub has been noteworthy, with plans for further development under Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Smart Cities Mission.
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As of the 2011 census, Bihar Sharif had a population of 297,268, with a sex ratio of 916 females per 1000 males. The city boasts a literacy rate of 75.30%, with Hindus forming the majority at 65.86%, followed by Muslims at 33.59%. The diverse religious composition reflects the city's historical significance and cultural heritage.
Bihar Sharif is a melting pot of religions, with Hindus forming the majority, followed by a significant Muslim population. Plans for the construction of a Bahá'í House of Worship highlight the city's inclusive and diverse cultural fabric.
Bihar Sharif has embraced modernization under the Smart Cities Mission, being one of the selected cities for development. The city's administration, including the Town Police Station, reflects a commitment to child-friendly policing. Plans for infrastructure development, improved transport connectivity, and economic growth align with the vision of creating a smarter and more livable city.
The city is well-connected by road, with major national highways passing through, connecting Bihar Sharif to Patna and other key cities. Public transport, including state-owned bus services and the recently introduced intercity electric bus service, ensures seamless connectivity within the region. The Bihar Sharif Junction on the Bakhtiyarpur-Tilaiya railway line contributes to the city's accessibility.
Bihar Sharif takes pride in its educational institutions, with numerous colleges and schools catering to the intellectual development of its residents. The city's rich history as a center of learning is complemented by modern educational facilities that contribute to its status as an emerging education hub.
Diverse Newspapers: Bihar Sharif boasts a vibrant media landscape with Hindi dailies such as Dainik Jagran, Hindustan, and Dainik Bhaskar, providing local news. English-language newspapers like Times of India and The Hindu also contribute to the media spectrum. Historical Milestone: In 1872, Keshav Ram Bhatta, a Maharashtrian Brahman, pioneered Bihar Bandhu, the first Hindi newspaper from Bihar, adding a significant chapter to the city's media history.
Bihar Museum: Home to the first museum in Bihar, established in the late 19th century by Alexander Meyrick Broadley, Bihar Sharif proudly holds a collection of 686 artefacts. Though some pieces later moved to Patna Museum, the city's heritage remains ingrained in these relics.
Bihar Sharif stands as a city with a rich tapestry of history, cultural diversity, and a promising future. From its ancient roots as a Buddhist centre to its modern role as an emerging educational hub, the city has embraced development under the Smart Cities Mission.
With a blend of agriculture, education, and a commitment to inclusivity, Bihar Sharif thrives as a melting pot of religions and a symbol of unity. The city's historical landmarks, vibrant media landscape, and modern attractions make it a unique destination. As Bihar Sharif continues its journey towards progress, it remains a city where tradition and innovation coexist, creating a harmonious blend that defines its identity.
Bihar Sharif has a rich history, originally known for being a significant Buddhist center with the presence of Odantapuri, a Buddhist monastic university. Over time, it evolved as a hub of education and culture in southern Bihar.
During the Delhi Sultanate era, Bihar Sharif faced destruction under the rule of Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji, who targeted Buddhist monasteries and universities.
Bihar Sharif's economy is primarily driven by agricultural trade, with a focus on vegetable production. Additionally, education plays a crucial role in its economic activities.
As of the 2011 census, Bihar Sharif had a population of 297,268 people.
Bihar Sharif boasts a literacy rate of 75.30%.