What is Superposition Theorem?
- Limitations of Superposition theorem
- How the Superposition Theorem Works
Superposition Theorem FAQs

Superposition Theorem

The superposition theorem states that in any linear, bilateral circuit with multiple sources, the response across any circuit element is the sum of the responses caused by each source acting individually, while all other sources are replaced by their internal resistances. Let's explore the concept further, including its applications, solved examples, and limitations.

What is Superposition Theorem?

The Superposition Theorem is a fundamental principle in electrical circuit analysis. It states that in a linear, bilateral network containing multiple independent sources, the total response (voltage or current) across any component is equal to the algebraic sum of the responses caused by each independent source acting alone.

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While analyzing one source, all other independent sources are replaced as follows:

Voltage sources are replaced by their internal resistance (usually a short circuit if ideal).
Current sources are replaced by their internal resistance (usually an open circuit if ideal).

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Limitations of Superposition theorem

Not applicable to non-linear circuits (e.g., circuits with diodes, transistors, or other non-linear devices).
Power calculations cannot directly use superposition; they require separate analysis for each source and combination.

Must Read: Conservative and Non-Conservative Forces

How the Superposition Theorem Works

The Superposition Theorem works by breaking down a circuit with multiple independent sources into simpler circuits, analyzing the effect of each source separately, and then combining the results to determine the overall response (voltage or current).

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Steps to Apply the Superposition Theorem

Identify Independent Sources: These can include voltage sources, current sources, or a combination of both in the circuit.
Deactivate All Sources Except One:
- For voltage sources: Replace each with its internal resistance. If ideal, replace with a short circuit (0 Ω).
- For current sources: Replace each with its internal resistance. If ideal, replace with an open circuit (∞ Ω).
Analyze the Circuit:

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Solve the simplified circuit with only one active source to calculate the response (current or voltage) across the desired element.

Repeat for Each Source: Reactivate one source at a time and deactivate all others as described above. Calculate the response for the same element due to the active source.

Combine the Responses: Add the individual responses algebraically to find the total response across the element. Use superposition for currents and voltages, but not for power (power does not obey superposition).

Superposition Theorem FAQs

What is the superposition theorem, and how does it work?

The superposition theorem is a circuit simulation theorem that is used to solve a network with two or more connected sources.

Is the superposition theory true for AC circuits as well?

For AC circuits, the superposition theorem holds true.

We apply the superposition theorem for a variety of reasons.

Because it reduces a complex circuit into a Norton or Thevenin equivalent circuit, the superposition theorem is crucial in circuit analysis.