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a
-1, + 1
b
-1, +1, +3
c
-1, +1, +3, +5
d
-1, +1, +3, +5, +7
answer is D.
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Detailed Solution
Since they have seven valence electrons they gain one electron and show -1 state.Ground state electronic configuration - ns2 np5 -oxidation states (+1)First excited state electronic configuration - ns2 np4 (n-1)d1 -oxidation states(+3)Second excited state electronic configuration - ns2 np3 (n-1)d2 -oxidation states(+5)Third excited state electronic configuration - ns1 np3 (n-1)d3 -oxidation states(+7)