Composition Of Blood

Blood is body fluid that is circulating to all body parts by the pumping action of the heart. Blood is the main component of the human body. Blood has a thicker consistency than water. Due to the presence of hemoglobin the color of blood is red color. It floats to all parts of the body through blood vessels. It supplies nutrition to all cells and collects metabolic wastes from cells vice versa.

The living organism which is having a circulatory system contains blood in them. It is a connective tissue consisting of plasma. Platelets and blood cells. It takes eight percent of the total weight of the body. Average five to six liters of blood should be present in adults.

Blood cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cells by the process of hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. The stem cells are observed in the umbilical cord, bone marrow. Stem cells are also used to treat diseases like leukemia, lymphoma, bone marrow failure, and immune disorders. These are found in abundance invertebrates. 

Containing hemoglobin which is an iron-containing protein, facilitates oxygen transport and increases the solubility in blood. On the other hand, carbon dioxide is mostly transported extracellularly as bicarbonate ions transported in plasma.

Classification Composition Of Blood

Types of blood cells:

Blood cells are of different types depending upon the pigment present in them. They have their specific function and role in the body. The types of blood cells are:

• Red blood cells
• White blood cells
• Granulocytes
• Agranulocytes

Red blood cells

Red blood cells are also known as erythrocytes which are in biconcave cells. Red blood cells don’t have nuclei in humans. It contains iron-rich protein which is known as hemoglobin, ultimately giving red color to the blood cells. RBCs are the most copious blood cells which are derived from the bone marrow. Red blood cells’ main function is to transport oxygen and collect metabolic wastes from tissues and organs.

White blood cells

White blood cells are also known as leukocytes which are colorless in nature. Due to the absence of hemoglobin, it is colorless. White blood cells are further classified into granulocytes and agranulocytes. The main function of white blood cells is in immunity and defense mechanisms.

Based on the presence and absence of granules white blood cells are divided into granulocytes and agranulocytes.

Granulocytes

These are colorless and have granules in their cytoplasm. These granulocytes are again divided into eosinophil, basophil, and neutrophil.

• Eosinophils- These are white blood cells that are present in the immune system. These are small granulocytes that are derived from bone marrow. The percentage of eosinophils in white blood cells is two to three percent. Eosinophils are present in high concentrations in the digestive tract. It prevents infections and parasites of vertebrates and controls allergy-related diseases like asthma.
• Basophils- The count of basophils in white blood cells is from 0.5 to 1 percent of the total count. These also contain granules in the cytoplasm which plays the main role in the immune response to pathogens and allergies by histamine-releasing due to which blood vessels dilute. They will stain when they are exposed to dyes. The main function is for asthma and inflammation. Basophils secrete serotonin, histamine, and heparin.
• Neutrophils- We can find them in the bloodstream. They are present in the abundance of sixty to sixty-five percent of total white blood cells. Neutrophils have an average 12-micrometer diameter. It has very fine granules and the nucleus is 2-5 lobed. They will stain when dyes are applied. They are the first cells that responded to invaders such as bacteria or a virus. They are produced every day in the bone marrow and the lifespan of neutrophil white blood cells is eight hours. It helps in the destruction of bacteria with the help of the lysosomal enzyme and also works as a strong oxidant.

Agranulocytes

These do not have granules in their cytoplasm. They are further classified into monocytes and lymphocytes.

• Monocytes- the bilobed nucleus is present here with a diameter of 12-20 micrometers. The nucleus of monocytes is half-moon-shaped and the count of monocytes is six to eight percent in total white blood cells. They are also known as garbage trucks for the immune system. The main function is to clean up the dead cells and protect them from other diseases also. It contains a single bean-shaped nucleus due to which they are known as monocytes in leukocytes.
• Lymphocytes- The main function is producing antibodies. They are commonly known as natural killer cells. They also take a vital role in defense. They are more important for immunity.

Components of blood cells

There are many cells present in blood composition. They are plasma, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets.

• Plasma – A liquid component of blood is called plasma. it contains proteins, water, fats, and salts. Plasma’s main function is to transport antibodies, which act as chemical messengers to the body for maintaining fluid balance.
• Rbc – Red blood cells are 40-50 percent of body cells. it produces erythropoietin. They are formed as immature cells from bone marrow. The maturation time is of 7 days. No definite shape and lack of nucleus.
• Wbc – They protect us from infections. They are 1-2 percent in body cells. They are responsible for fighting foreign pathogens.
• Platelets – These are small fragments of the cells. They took part in the blood clotting process. Platelets gather at the site of injury for repair. If they are present in higher amounts it will lead to a stroke which is cured by antiplatelet therapy.

Importance of this chapter in NEET

The chapter which is telling us about the structure of the body, the components of it, and the arrangement of all the parts in this complex organism is very crucial for getting high marks. It’s a basic one from which you can get questions. You can easily answer them if you read and memorize this small area of a basic chapter. Nearly one to five beta will be out from this area where you can score good range marks easily. Not only for exams it’s also important to know about how our complex structure is made up of and what hides inside us. So don’t avoid this basic area.

Q. What are the components of blood cells?

Ans: There are many cells present in blood composition. They are plasma, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets.

• Plasma- A liquid component of blood is called plasma.it contains proteins, water, fats, and salts. Plasma’s main function is to transport antibodies, which act as chemical messengers to the body for maintaining fluid balance.
• Rbc- Red blood cells are 40-50 percent of body cells.it produces erythropoietin. which are formed as immature cells from bone marrow. maturation time is of 7 days. No definite shape and lack of nucleus.
• Wbc- They protect us from infections. They are 1-2 percent in body cells. They are responsible for fighting foreign pathogens.
• Platelets- These are small fragments of the cells. they took part in the blood clotting process. Platelets gather at the site of injury for repair. if they are present in higher amounts it will lead to a stroke which is cured by antiplatelet therapy.

Q.Write the types of white blood cells?

Ans: White blood cells are also known as leukocytes which are colorless in nature. Due to the absence of hemoglobin, it is colorless. White blood cells are further classified into granulocytes and agranulocytes. The main function of white blood cells is immunity and defense mechanisms.

Based on the presence and absence of granules white blood cells are divided into granulocytes and agranulocytes.

Granulocytes

• Eosinophils
• Basophils
• Neutrophil

Agranulocytes

• Monocytes
• Lymphocytes