A magnet usually repels diamagnetic materials. Technically, these solids produce an induced magnetic field in the opposite direction of an externally applied magnetic field and are repelled by it. The behaviour of paramagnetic materials is exactly the opposite of this phenomenon.
Magnetic fields are created by the orbital motion of electrons on the atoms of diamagnetic materials, which causes tiny atomic current loops. When a material is subjected to an external magnetic field, these current loops tend to align in a way that opposes the applied field.
Because diamagnetism is essentially the outflow of magnetic fields within a material, big and powerful diamagnetic materials can be levitated, or levitate magnets. The diagram below depicts the diamagnetic levitation of pyrolytic graphite over permanent neodymium magnets.
In superconductors, the diamagnetic response results in zero internal magnetic fields, as seen in the diagram below. As seen in the diagram above, the Meissner effect shows how some materials can be easily levitated in the presence of a powerful permanent magnet. High-temperature superconductors, on the other hand, are made from unique materials that require expensive processing and cryogenic fluids to reach the superconducting state.
Diamagnetism exists in all materials and is temperature independent, although it is often disregarded since it is so minor in comparison to paramagnetism and ferromagnetic effects.
Diamagnetism can occur in gases, liquids, and solids. Superconductors are fundamentally diamagnetic materials with a volume susceptibility of 1 (v = 1). (dimensionless). Because they expel all magnetic fields, they are characterized as perfect diamagnets.
When a permanent magnet is placed close to a superconductor, the superconducting material generates a current that completely opposes the magnetic field of the permanent magnet. The applied magnetic field is ejected from the superconductor, resulting in a field of zero in its interior. A superconductor operates as a perfect diamagnet in the Meissner state.
The following are some of the most essential properties of magnetic lines of force:
The temperature has no effect on diamagnetic susceptibility, hence heating a material will not modify its diamagnetic susceptibility.
There are no total spins in diamagnetic materials since the electron pairs are all together. These materials' magnetic fields are in the opposite direction as the applied magnetic field. The low negative susceptibility of the diamagnetic indicates that it is diamagnetic.
According to popular perception, water is diamagnetic. In diamagnetic substances, just the electron pairs exist. Water, on the other hand, contains two-electron bonding pairs between hydrogen and oxygen atoms, as well as two lone pairs in the oxygen atom. In paramagnetic substances, there is at least one unpaired electron. Something happens when a molecule has an odd amount of electrons (like in NO). When a few molecules contain an even amount of electrons, this can also happen (as in O2). As we can see, water repels the magnet. This happens because diamagnetism occurs when a magnetic field near water develops its own magnetic field, repelling the magnet.
Diamagnetic materials repel the magnetic field in the same way that an external magnetic field repels it, but they also generate an induced magnetic field in the opposite direction, producing a repulsive force.
Because diamagnetic susceptibility is unaffected by temperature, heating a material will have no influence on its diamagnetic susceptibility.
Only a few examples are copper, zinc, bismuth, silver, gold, antimony, marble, water, glass, NACL, and other diamagnetic compounds.