Transformer Diagram, Types, Working principle and Solved Examples
Transformer Diagram: A transformer is a simple electrical device that transfers electrical energy between circuits using electromagnetic induction. It works by either increasing (step-up transformer) or decreasing (step-down transformer) the AC voltage. Transformers play a key role in power transmission and distribution, ensuring efficient long-distance electricity transfer. They are widely used to boost voltage from generators for transmission and reduce voltage for low-power devices like doorbells and electric trains. As a voltage control device, a transformer helps maintain a stable power supply across various applications.
Transformer Diagram Class 12
A transformer diagram visually represents the working and components of a transformer, a device used to transfer electrical energy between circuits using electromagnetic induction. In Class 12 Physics, this topic is covered under the chapter Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents, explaining the phasor diagram of a transformer, step-up transformer diagram, and step-down transformer diagram.
A step-up transformer diagram shows how voltage is increased for efficient power transmission, while a step-down transformer diagram illustrates how voltage is reduced for safe use in homes and appliances. The phasor diagram of a transformer helps understand voltage and current relationships in AC circuits. These diagrams are crucial for CBSE board exams, as they help in conceptual clarity, numerical problem-solving, and understanding real-world electrical applications.
Transformer Diagram
What is Ideal Transformer Diagram?
An ideal transformer is a theoretical transformer with 100% efficiency, meaning there are no energy losses due to resistance, flux leakage, or core losses. It perfectly transfers electrical power from the primary coil to the secondary coil without any loss.
An ideal transformer follows the equation:
V₁/ V₂ = N₁/ N₂,
P₁ = P₂
where V₁ & V₂ are primary and secondary voltages, N₁ & N₂ are the number of turns, and P₁ & P₂ are input and output power.
This type of transformer is used for theoretical studies in Class 12 Physics (Electromagnetic Induction) and engineering applications. It helps understand how real transformers work by ignoring practical limitations.
Types of Transformer
A transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy between circuits using electromagnetic induction. Transformers are classified based on their function, design, and application.
- Step-Up Transformer – Increases voltage and is used in power transmission.
- Step-Down Transformer – Reduces voltage for safe household and industrial use.
- Power Transformer – Used in power stations for high voltage transmission.
- Distribution Transformer – Supplies electricity to homes and businesses at lower voltages.
- Isolation Transformer – Separates circuits for safety and noise reduction.
- Auto Transformer – Has a single winding and is used in voltage regulation.
Each type of transformer serves a specific purpose in electrical systems, ensuring efficient and safe power distribution.
Working principle of Transformer with Diagram
A transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy between two or more circuits using electromagnetic induction. It works on the principle of Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, which states that a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) in a conductor.
How a Transformer Works?
- Primary Coil: When an alternating current (AC) flows through the primary coil, it creates a changing magnetic field around it.
- Magnetic Core: The magnetic field is transferred through the iron core, which helps in efficient energy transfer.
- Secondary Coil: The changing magnetic field induces an EMF in the secondary coil, producing an output voltage.
Types of Transformer Based on Voltage Conversion
Step-Up Transformer: This increases the output voltage and is used in power transmission. The step-up transformer diagram shows that it has more turns in the secondary coil than in the primary coil.
Step-Down Transformer: This decreases the output voltage for safe use in homes and industries. In the step-down transformer diagram, the secondary coil has fewer turns than the primary coil.
Importance of Transformer Diagrams in Class 12
In Class 12 Physics, the transformer diagram class 12 explains the structure and working of transformers, which is crucial for understanding power distribution. The phasor diagram of a transformer is used to analyze the voltage and current relationships in AC circuits.
Transformers play a key role in electricity transmission, converting high-voltage power into usable voltage levels efficiently. These diagrams are important for CBSE board exams, helping students understand transformer principles in both theoretical and practical applications.
Transformer Diagram Solved Examples
Example 1: A transformer has 600 turns in the primary winding and 20 turns in the secondary winding. If the primary voltage is 140V, determine the secondary voltage when the circuit is open.
Given:
Primary turns, N₁ = 600
Secondary turns, N₂ = 20
Primary voltage, V₁ = 140V
Solution: Using the Transformer Voltage Ratio Formula:
V₁/V₂ = N₁/N₂
V₂ = V₁ × N₂/N₁
V₂=140×20/600
V₂=4.67V
Answer: The secondary voltage is 4.67V.
Example 2: A step-down transformer reduces 220V to 22V. If the primary winding has 880 turns, find the number of turns in the secondary winding.
Given:
V₁ = 220V, V₂ = 22V
N₁ = 880
N₂ = ?
Using the Voltage Ratio Formula:
V1/V₂=N₁/N₂
N₂=N₁×V₂/V₁
800×22/220
N₂= 88 turns
Answer: The secondary coil has 88 turns.
Example 3: A transformer has a primary voltage of 480V and a secondary voltage of 120V. If the secondary current is 10A, find the primary current, assuming no power loss.
Given:
V₁ = 480V, V₂ = 120V
I₂ = 10A
I₁ = ?
Solution:
Since Power (P) is conserved in an ideal transformer:
P₁= P₂
V₁ I1=V₂ I2
I1=V₂I2/V₁
I1= 120×10/480
Answer: The primary current is 2.5A.
Transformer Diagram FAQs
Why is the core important in a transformer diagram?
The core provides a path for magnetic flux, improving efficiency and reducing energy losses.
How does a transformer diagram help in understanding voltage transformation?
It visually represents primary and secondary windings, showing how voltage is stepped up or down.
What are the key components labeled in a transformer diagram?
The main components are primary winding, secondary winding, core, and terminals (H1, H2, X1, X2).
How is the primary and secondary winding represented in a transformer diagram?
The primary winding is connected to the input voltage, while the secondary winding delivers the output voltage.
How does a step-up transformer diagram differ from a step-down transformer diagram?
In a step-up transformer, the secondary coil has more turns than the primary, while in a step-down transformer, the primary coil has more turns.
How does a real transformer diagram differ from an ideal transformer diagram?
A real transformer diagram includes core losses, copper losses, and leakage flux, which are absent in an ideal transformer.
What role do H1 and H2 terminals play in a transformer diagram?
H1 and H2 represent primary high-voltage terminals, indicating proper wiring and phase identification.
