What is the Capital of Jammu and Kashmir?

Jammu and Kashmir, a region known for its breathtaking landscapes and rich cultural heritage, is unique in India for having two capitals for Jammu and Kashmir—one for summer and another for winter. Many people often wonder, "What is the Capital of Jammu and Kashmir?" Unlike other states and union territories in India that have a single administrative center, Jammu and Kashmir follows a biannual capital shift, which sets it apart.

The Capital of J&K is divided into two: Srinagar serves as the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, while Jammu takes over as the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir. This arrangement dates back to the time of the Dogra rulers, who implemented the 'Darbar Move' to ensure equal development and governance across the region. Even after Jammu and Kashmir became a Union Territory in 2019, this tradition continues.

What is the Capital of Jammu and Kashmir?

The capital of Jammu and Kashmir changes with the seasons. Srinagar is the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, while Jammu is the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir. This means that during different times of the year, the administrative and government functions shift between these two cities.

Why Does Jammu and Kashmir Have Two Capitals?

Jammu and Kashmir has two capitals due to historical and climatic reasons. The region experiences extreme weather conditions. Srinagar, which is located in the Kashmir Valley, becomes too cold during winter with heavy snowfall, making it difficult for government offices to function efficiently. On the other hand, Jammu, which has a moderate climate in winter, becomes the preferred location for government activities. Therefore, the administration shifts to Jammu during winter and returns to Srinagar during summer.

Do Check: Culture of Jammu and Kashmir

Srinagar - The Summer Capital of Jammu and Kashmir

Srinagar is the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir and is one of the most beautiful cities in India. It is located in the Kashmir Valley and is famous for its picturesque landscapes, lakes, and gardens. Here are some key highlights of Srinagar:

1. Location and Climate

• Srinagar is located in the Kashmir Valley, surrounded by the majestic Himalayan mountains.
• The climate in summer is pleasant, with temperatures ranging from 15°C to 30°C.
• In winter, Srinagar experiences heavy snowfall, making it difficult to carry out administrative work.

2. Importance of Srinagar

• Srinagar is the capital of J&K during the summer months (May to October).
• It is known for its beautiful Dal Lake and houseboats, attracting tourists from across the world.
• The famous Mughal Gardens, such as Shalimar Bagh and Nishat Bagh, add to the city’s charm.
• The historic Jama Masjid and Shankaracharya Temple are important landmarks.
• The city is also famous for handicrafts, Pashmina shawls, and Kashmiri carpets.

3. Government Functions in Srinagar

• During summer, all government offices, including the Secretariat, High Court, and Chief Minister’s office, function from Srinagar.
• The administrative shift from Jammu to Srinagar takes place in May, in an event known as the Darbar Move.

Do Check: What is the capital of Ladakh?

Jammu - The Winter Capital of Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu is the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir, serving as the administrative center from November to April. Unlike Srinagar, Jammu has a milder winter, making it an ideal place for government operations during cold months.

1. Location and Climate

• Jammu is located in the southern part of the union territory.
• It has a subtropical climate, with hot summers and cool winters.
• The winter temperatures in Jammu range between 7°C and 20°C, making it a comfortable place for government functioning.

2. Importance of Jammu

• Jammu is the capital of J&K during the winter months (November to April).
• It is known as the City of Temples, with famous temples like Vaishno Devi Shrine, Raghunath Temple, and Ranbireshwar Temple.
• The city is a gateway to tourist destinations like Patnitop, Katra, and Mansar Lake.
• Jammu is also a major economic hub, with industries and trade playing a key role in its economy.

3. Government Functions in Jammu

• The government offices shift to Jammu in November as part of the Darbar Move.
• The High Court, Secretariat, and Chief Minister’s office operate from Jammu during winter.
• This movement ensures that government work continues smoothly, despite extreme weather conditions in Srinagar.

What is the Darbar Move?

The Darbar Move is the official process of shifting the capital of Jammu and Kashmir between Srinagar and Jammu. This practice was introduced in the 19th century by Maharaja Ranbir Singh, the then ruler of Jammu and Kashmir. The main purpose of the Darbar Move was to provide relief to the administration and people from the extreme weather conditions of the region.

• In May, the capital shifts from Jammu to Srinagar for the summer.
• In November, the capital shifts from Srinagar to Jammu for the winter.
• This process involves the movement of government files, officials, and offices, which incurs high costs but ensures efficient governance.

Changes in the Darbar Move After 2019

In 2019, the special status of Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 was revoked, and it was reorganized as a Union Territory. After this change, the government decided to reduce the Darbar Move expenses by digitizing most of the administrative work. Now, many government offices function from both cities simultaneously, reducing the need for complete relocation.

Conclusion

Jammu and Kashmir is unique in India as it has two capitals—Srinagar as the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir and Jammu as the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir. This system ensures smooth administration despite the region’s challenging weather conditions.

The capital of J&K plays a crucial role in governance, tourism, and economy. While Srinagar is known for its scenic beauty and cultural heritage, Jammu is famous for its religious significance and trade activities. Understanding the two capitals for Jammu Kashmir helps us appreciate the historical and geographical factors that shaped this system. Even though recent changes have modified the Darbar Move, both cities remain important centers of governance and culture in the region.