First slide

Introduction to mathematical reasoning

Question

If $p$ is any logical statement, then

Easy

A

$p \land (~ p)$ is a tautology
B

$p \lor (~ p)$ is a contradiction
C

$p \land p = p$
D

$p \lor (~ p) = p$

Solution

$\begin{aligned} p \land (~ p) \equiv F \\ p \lor (~ p) \equiv T \end{aligned}$
and $p \land p \equiv p$ is true for each logical statement $p .$

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