First slide

Atomic and physical properties

Question

Tendency for $\large M_{(s)} \rightarrow M^{+3}_{(aq)} + 3e^-$ is highest for

Easy

A

Ga
B

In
C

Al
D

Tl

Solution

${M_{\left( S \right)}} \to {M^{ + 3}}_{\left( {aq} \right)} + 3{e^ - }$
For 13^Th group elements the highest oxidation state is due to the involvement of valency ns electrons and np electrons

The higher oxidation state stability from top to bottom in a group decreases.
Stability of +III oxidation state : Al⁺³ > Ga⁺³ > In⁺³ > Tl⁺³
$\therefore$ Al is more stable in +3 oxidation state
Where as +1 oxidation state stability from top to bottom increases,due to inert pair effect.
Stability of +1 oxidation state : Ga⁺¹ < In⁺¹ < Tl⁺¹

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