[[1]] came to be known as the hub of the new print culture.

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Shanghai came to be known as the hub of the new print culture. With the bloom of the urban culture in China in the seventeenth century, merchants, too, began to use print in their daily lives. Books were no longer restricted to scholarly use, and reading became a leading leisure activity. With this rise of the reading culture in China, new technology began to overshadow the traditional print technology in China. As a result, western printing techniques were introduced in the country. By the nineteenth century, western printing techniques and mechanical printing presses became profoundly used in China as the Western powers settled in the outposts. With this, Shanghai became the hub of this new print culture, with western style schools too established in the city.

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