[[1]] challenged Mughal authority for the longest time during Aurangzeb's reign.

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Marathas challenged Mughal authority for the longest time during Aurangzeb's reign. The Maratha Empire was another great regional kingdom that arose due to persistent opposition to the Mughal rule. Shivaji (1627–1680) founded a strong kingdom with the support of powerful warrior families (Deshmukh). The Maratha army was aided by units of very mobile peasant pastoralists (kunbis). Shivaji deployed these armies to fight the Mughals in the peninsula. Over the years 1720-1761, the Maratha empire expanded. It steadily eroded the Mughal Empire's authority. By the 1720s, Malwa and Gujarat had gained independence from the Mughals. By the 1730s, the Maratha king had established himself as the dominant ruler of the whole Deccan peninsula.

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