[[1]] is known as 'Reindeer moss'.
 

Reindeer moss is a species of lichen, not a type of moss. Lichens are symbiotic organisms made up of a fungus and one or more photosynthetic partners, most commonly algae or cyanobacteria. The fruticose lichen reindeer moss (Cladonia rangiferina) forms compact, branching structures that resemble mosses. It is an important food source for reindeer and other Arctic herbivores, and it also helps to form arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems. Reindeer moss, despite its name, is not a true moss and has a distinct biology, structure, and ecology.