[[1]] played an important role in creating the idea of the 'nation' in Europe.

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Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the 'nation' in Europe.
In addition to battle and territorial expansion, Culture was crucial in developing the concept of a nation in Europe. Nationalist sentiments in Europe were expressed and shaped via art, poetry, storytelling, and music. Another type of nationalistic sentiment was formed in Europe during the Romanticism cultural movement. The exaltation of reason and science has drawn criticism from poets and artists. As the cornerstone of a nation, they sought to establish a sense of common cultural heritage. They valued intuition, mystical feelings, and sensations of emotion. The common people (das Volk), according to German scholar Johann Gottfried Herder, are where authentic German Culture can be found in their traditional melodies, poetry, and dances. Folklore and vernacular languages boosted the sense of nationalism. Karol Kurpinski used opera and music in Poland to honour the country's struggle for independence. The Germania and Marianne allegory stoked citizens' nationalistic sentiments. Hence the answer is Culture.

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