[[1]] was the most significant city in the Chola Empire, serving as its capital.

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Thanjavur was the most significant city in the Chola Empire, serving as its capital. Thanjavur, the most important city in the Chola Empire, served as its capital until Gangaikonda Cholapuram in or around 1025. The Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur was constructed in the first decade of the eleventh century by Raja Raja Chola I, a Chola king. Tanjore painting is one of the most cherished creative traditions in this area. Additionally, it is well-known for being the origin of the Thavil, a percussion instrument used in Indian classical music. It is recognised as Tamil Nadu's cultural hub and is well-known for its top-notch handicrafts and ancient temples. Thanjavur district is referred to as "The Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu" due to its agricultural activities in the Cauvery River delta.

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