$10ml$ of an alkane on complete combustion gave $40ml$ of ${CO}_2$ under the same conditions. The formula of the alkane is

All the carbon from the hydrocarbon is in the ${CO}_2$. It is given that 10ml of alkane produces 40ml of ${CO}_2$.

So, the ratio of alkane(C_nH_2n+2) and ${CO}_2$ is 1:4.

1 mole of hydrocarbon has four moles of carbon.

i.e. n=4

So, the formula of alkane is $C_4{H}_{10}$.

Therefore, option D is correct.